Validation of the MidACE tool – Students’ perceptions of the Midwifery Academic role in clinical environments

Abstract The International Electrotechnical Commission introduced the concepts of exposure index (EI), target exposure index (EIT) and deviation index (DI) to manage and optimize patient dose in real time. In this study, we have proposed an appropriate method for setting the EIT based on the Korean national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). Furthermore, we evaluated the use of clinical EI, EIT and DI as tools for patient dose optimization in clinical environments by observing the changes in DI with those in EIT. According to the Korean national exposure conditions, we conducted experiments on three representative radiographic examinations (chest posterior–anterior, lateral and abdomen anterior–posterior) of clinical environments. As the exposure conditions and DRLs varied, the clinical EI, EIT and DI also varied. These results reveal that the clinical EI, EIT and DI can be used as tools for optimizing the patient dose if EIT is periodically and properly updated.

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Efficacy of Phytocannabinoids in Epilepsy Treatment: Novel Approaches and Recent Advances

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083993 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3993

Author(s):

Aaron M. Farrelly ◽

Styliani Vlachou ◽

Konstantinos Grintzalis

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Future Research ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Undesirable Side Effect ◽

Treatment Resistant ◽

Current Review ◽

Epilepsy Treatment ◽

Clinical Environments

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder mainly characterised by recurrent seizures that affect the entire population diagnosed with the condition. Currently, there is no cure for the disease and a significant proportion of patients have been deemed to have treatment-resistant epilepsy (TRE). A patient is deemed to have TRE if two or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) fail to bring about seizure remission. This inefficacy of traditional AEDs, coupled with their undesirable side effect profile, has led to researchers considering alternative forms of treatment. Phytocannabinoids have long served as therapeutics with delta-9-THC (Δ9-THC) receiving extensive focus to determine its therapeutic potential. This focus on Δ9-THC has been to the detriment of analysing the plethora of other phytocannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. The overall aim of this review is to explore other novel phytocannabinoids and their place in epilepsy treatment. The current review intends to achieve this aim via an exploration of the molecular targets underlying the anticonvulsant capabilities of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidavarin (CBDV), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9-THCV) and cannabigerol (CBG). Further, this review will provide an exploration of current pre-clinical and clinical data as it relates to the aforementioned phytocannabinoids and the treatment of epilepsy symptoms. With specific reference to epilepsy in young adult and adolescent populations, the exploration of CBD, CBDV, Δ9-THCV and CBG in both preclinical and clinical environments can guide future research and aid in the further understanding of the role of phytocannabinoids in epilepsy treatment. Currently, much more research is warranted in this area to be conclusive.

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Microscopic Analysis of Bacterial Inoculum Effect Using Micropatterned Biochip

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 300

Author(s):

Jung Ho Hwang ◽

Sang Young Lee ◽

Jungil Choi

Keyword(s):

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Microfluidic System ◽

Timely Manner ◽

Testing Conditions ◽

Bacterial Inoculum ◽

Clinical Environments ◽

Inoculum Effect

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major problem in public health and clinical environments. Against this background, antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) has become necessary to cure diseases in an appropriate and timely manner as it indicates the necessary concentration of antibiotics. Recently, microfluidic based rapid AST methods using microscopic analysis have been shown to reduce the time needed for the determination of the proper antibiotics. However, owing to the inoculum effect, the accurate measurement of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is difficult. We tested four standard bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, against five different antibiotics: piperacillin, cefotaxime, amikacin, levofloxacin, and ampicillin. The results showed that overall, the microfluidic system has a similar inoculum effect compared to the conventional AST method. However, due to the different testing conditions and determination protocols of the growth of the microfluidic based rapid AST, a few results are not identical to the conventional methods using optical density. This result suggests that microfluidic based rapid AST methods require further research on the inoculum effect for practical use in hospitals and can then be used for effective antibiotic prescriptions.

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Implications for the Physical Design of the Postnatal Care Unit from a Targeted Analysis of Issues With Accessing the Bathroom at Night in the Acute Setting: A Secondary Analysis

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care ◽

10.1177/2327857921101223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 309-312

Author(s):

Varshita Chirumamilla ◽

Joseph M. Gerard ◽

Alison E. Sweeney ◽

Kristin P. Tully ◽

Alison M. Stuebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Providers ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Patient Room ◽

Hospital Visit ◽

Acute Setting ◽

Targeted Analysis ◽

Standard Patient ◽

Clinical Environments ◽

Visual Privacy

Assessing hospital environment conditions is necessary for healthcare providers and patients to coordinate safe care. The aims of this research included: a) identifying patterns in hospital visit feedback transcripts regarding bathroom doors and lights in the hospital room and b) interpreting the results to make recommendations for more enabling clinical environments. The methods used by the research team included organizing transcript data, assigning codes, and conducting an interrater reliability test to assess codebook efficacy. Finally, working with maternal and infant mortality experts, recommendations for the hospital were developed. We identified four possible interventions to address barriers: a) implement low-height, dimmable lighting along the base of the patient room, b) provide personal lights, such as penlights, to staff for nighttime assessments, c) install and improve on existing grab bars in patient room bathrooms and d) replace the standard patient room bathroom door with a different kind of auditory/visual privacy barrier.

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Artificial intelligence in hospitals: providing a status quo of ethical considerations in academia to guide future research

AI & Society ◽

10.1007/s00146-021-01239-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Milad Mirbabaie ◽

Lennart Hofeditz ◽

Nicholas R. J. Frick ◽

Stefan Stieglitz

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Citation Network ◽

Status Quo ◽

Biomedical Ethics ◽

Future Research ◽

Ethical Considerations ◽

Ethical Discourse ◽

The Status ◽

Clinical Environments ◽

Research Questions

AbstractThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) in hospitals yields many advantages but also confronts healthcare with ethical questions and challenges. While various disciplines have conducted specific research on the ethical considerations of AI in hospitals, the literature still requires a holistic overview. By conducting a systematic discourse approach highlighted by expert interviews with healthcare specialists, we identified the status quo of interdisciplinary research in academia on ethical considerations and dimensions of AI in hospitals. We found 15 fundamental manuscripts by constructing a citation network for the ethical discourse, and we extracted actionable principles and their relationships. We provide an agenda to guide academia, framed under the principles of biomedical ethics. We provide an understanding of the current ethical discourse of AI in clinical environments, identify where further research is pressingly needed, and discuss additional research questions that should be addressed. We also guide practitioners to acknowledge AI-related benefits in hospitals and to understand the related ethical concerns.

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Radiochemistry, Production Processes, Labeling Methods, and ImmunoPET Imaging Pharmaceuticals of Iodine-124

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020414 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 414

Author(s):

Krishan Kumar ◽

Arijit Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Target Selection ◽

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

High Specificity ◽

Production Processes ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Significant Research ◽

Clinical Environments

Target-specific biomolecules, monoclonal antibodies (mAb), proteins, and protein fragments are known to have high specificity and affinity for receptors associated with tumors and other pathological conditions. However, the large biomolecules have relatively intermediate to long circulation half-lives (>day) and tumor localization times. Combining superior target specificity of mAbs and high sensitivity and resolution of the PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging technique has created a paradigm-shifting imaging modality, ImmunoPET. In addition to metallic PET radionuclides, 124I is an attractive radionuclide for radiolabeling of mAbs as potential immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals due to its physical properties (decay characteristics and half-life), easy and routine production by cyclotrons, and well-established methodologies for radioiodination. The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive review of the physical properties of iodine and iodine radionuclides, production processes of 124I, various 124I-labeling methodologies for large biomolecules, mAbs, and the development of 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals for various cancer targets in preclinical and clinical environments. A summary of several production processes, including 123Te(d,n)124I, 124Te(d,2n)124I, 121Sb(α,n)124I, 123Sb(α,3n)124I, 123Sb(3He,2n)124I, natSb(α, xn)124I, natSb(3He,n)124I reactions, a detailed overview of the 124Te(p,n)124I reaction (including target selection, preparation, processing, and recovery of 124I), and a fully automated process that can be scaled up for GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) production of large quantities of 124I is provided. Direct, using inorganic and organic oxidizing agents and enzyme catalysis, and indirect, using prosthetic groups, 124I-labeling techniques have been discussed. Significant research has been conducted, in more than the last two decades, in the development of 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals for target-specific cancer detection. Details of preclinical and clinical evaluations of the potential 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals are described here.

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Epidemic Response: How to evaluate and respond to evolving and conflicting risk information with a focus on education and clinical environments

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181320641420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1732-1735

Author(s):

Alison G. Vredenburgh ◽

Rodrigo J. Daly Guris ◽

Kevin G. Welner ◽

Sreekanth R. Cheruku

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Face To Face ◽

The Public ◽

Conflicting Information ◽

The Face ◽

Clinical Environments ◽

Face To Face Instruction ◽

Epidemic Response ◽

Collaborative Implementation ◽

Modern Era

By October, we will have learned a great deal about responding to an epidemic or pandemic that has proved to have a level of transmission unprecedented in the modern era. The possible and likely responses include many unknowns. Coordinated and collaborative implementation has been complicated by conflicting information from multiple governments and organizations in several languages. What will we learn about how the United States can improve its ability to respond? How do we develop consistent and accurate warnings and messaging to the public in order to increase compliance regarding a new, and not well understood, epidemic? What factors increase or decrease compliance? How are US education policymakers deciding about face-to-face instruction? How have physicians and hospitals adapted their workflows in the face of uncertainty and supply chain inconsistencies? This panel will include a warnings expert, an expert on education law and policy, and two physicians.

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COVID-19: implications for NHS Staff

British Journal of Healthcare Assistants ◽

10.12968/bjha.2020.14.4.193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 193-197

Author(s):

Alan Glasper

Keyword(s):

World Health ◽

The Novel ◽

Emeritus Professor ◽

The World ◽

Clinical Environments ◽

Public Health Institutions ◽

Health Institutions ◽

Health Organization ◽

The University

In light of the emergence in China of COVID-19, the novel corona virus, emeritus professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton discusses the role of the World Health Organization and other public health institutions in responding to potential new global pandemics and deliberates on the role of NHS staff in coping with infectious disease in clinical environments.

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“That's not how I see it”: female and male perspectives on the academic role

Women in Management Review ◽

10.1108/09649420710778727 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 497-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sue Shaw ◽

Catherine Cassell

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Business School ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Business Schools ◽

School Context ◽

Empirical Work ◽

Original Data ◽

Content Type ◽

Academic Role ◽

The Uk

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a piece of empirical work that examines gender differences in how academics make sense of performance within university business schools in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThe research reported draws on data collected using a life history and repertory grid methodology with male and female interviewees from two university business schools.FindingsThe findings are discussed in relation to how academics understand what is valued about their role and what they believe the organisation rewards and values when it comes to promotion. Gender differences are shown to exist in the ways women and men define the academic role and in what they think is important both to themselves and the institution.Originality/valueThe paper presents original data on gender differences within a business school context.

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