scholarly journals Efficacy of Phytocannabinoids in Epilepsy Treatment: Novel Approaches and Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3993
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Farrelly ◽  
Styliani Vlachou ◽  
Konstantinos Grintzalis
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Undesirable Side Effect ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Epilepsy Treatment ◽  
Clinical Environments

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder mainly characterised by recurrent seizures that affect the entire population diagnosed with the condition. Currently, there is no cure for the disease and a significant proportion of patients have been deemed to have treatment-resistant epilepsy (TRE). A patient is deemed to have TRE if two or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) fail to bring about seizure remission. This inefficacy of traditional AEDs, coupled with their undesirable side effect profile, has led to researchers considering alternative forms of treatment. Phytocannabinoids have long served as therapeutics with delta-9-THC (Δ9-THC) receiving extensive focus to determine its therapeutic potential. This focus on Δ9-THC has been to the detriment of analysing the plethora of other phytocannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. The overall aim of this review is to explore other novel phytocannabinoids and their place in epilepsy treatment. The current review intends to achieve this aim via an exploration of the molecular targets underlying the anticonvulsant capabilities of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidavarin (CBDV), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9-THCV) and cannabigerol (CBG). Further, this review will provide an exploration of current pre-clinical and clinical data as it relates to the aforementioned phytocannabinoids and the treatment of epilepsy symptoms. With specific reference to epilepsy in young adult and adolescent populations, the exploration of CBD, CBDV, Δ9-THCV and CBG in both preclinical and clinical environments can guide future research and aid in the further understanding of the role of phytocannabinoids in epilepsy treatment. Currently, much more research is warranted in this area to be conclusive.

scholarly journals Physiology and Therapeutic Potential of SK, H, and M Medium AfterHyperPolarization Ion Channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepanjali Dwivedi ◽  
Upinder S. Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Cellular Excitability ◽  
M Channels ◽  
Neuronal Functions

SK, HCN, and M channels are medium afterhyperpolarization (mAHP)-mediating ion channels. The three channels co-express in various brain regions, and their collective action strongly influences cellular excitability. However, significant diversity exists in the expression of channel isoforms in distinct brain regions and various subcellular compartments, which contributes to an equally diverse set of specific neuronal functions. The current review emphasizes the collective behavior of the three classes of mAHP channels and discusses how these channels function together although they play specialized roles. We discuss the biophysical properties of these channels, signaling pathways that influence the activity of the three mAHP channels, various chemical modulators that alter channel activity and their therapeutic potential in treating various neurological anomalies. Additionally, we discuss the role of mAHP channels in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases and how their modulation can alleviate some of the symptoms.

scholarly journals The Role of Posttranslational Modification and Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jinlin Liu ◽  
Li Zhong ◽  
Rui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. The mechanism behind CVDs has been studied for decades; however, the pathogenesis is still controversial. Mitochondrial homeostasis plays an essential role in maintaining the normal function of the cardiovascular system. The alterations of any protein function in mitochondria may induce abnormal mitochondrial quality control and unexpected mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to CVDs. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) affect protein function by reversibly changing their conformation. This review summarizes how common and novel PTMs influence the development of CVDs by regulating mitochondrial quality control. It provides not only ideas for future research on the mechanism of some types of CVDs but also ideas for CVD treatments with therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals The probable role and therapeutic potential of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SARS-CoV-2 induced coagulopathy

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafi Khezri ◽  
Reza Varzandeh ◽  
Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Probable Role ◽  
Intracellular Pathway

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with a high mortality rate. The majority of deaths in this disease are caused by ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) followed by cytokine storm and coagulation complications. Although alterations in the level of the number of coagulation factors have been detected in samples from COVID-19 patients, the direct molecular mechanism which has been involved in this pathologic process has not been explored yet. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is an intracellular pathway which plays a central role in cell survival. Also, in recent years the association between this pathway and coagulopathies has been well clarified. Therefore, based on the evidence on over-activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infection, in the current review, the probable role of this cellular pathway as a therapeutic target for the prevention of coagulation complications in patients with COVID-19 is discussed.

The Therapeutic Potential of miR-7 in Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 1707-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Li ◽  
Meng Pan ◽  
Chengzhong You ◽  
Jun Dou
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potent Tumor

MiRNAs play an important role in cancers. As a potent tumor suppressor, miRNA-7(miR-7) has been demonstrated to inhibit the diverse fundamental biological processes in multiple cancer types including initiation, growth and metastasis by targeting a number of molecules and signaling pathways. This current review summarizes and discusses the relationship between miR-7 and cancers and the therapeutic potential of miR-7 in cancers. It may provide new integrative understanding for future study on the role of miR-7 in cancers.

scholarly journals Subchondral bone microenvironment in osteoarthritis and pain

Bone Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hu ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Sicheng Wang ◽  
Yingying Jing ◽  
Jiacan Su
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Obesity Trends

AbstractOsteoarthritis comprises several joint disorders characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and persistent pain, causing disability and economic burden. The incidence of osteoarthritis is rapidly increasing worldwide due to aging and obesity trends. Basic and clinical research on osteoarthritis has been carried out for decades, but many questions remain unanswered. The exact role of subchondral bone during the initiation and progression osteoarthritis remains unclear. Accumulating evidence shows that subchondral bone lesions, including bone marrow edema and angiogenesis, develop earlier than cartilage degeneration. Clinical interventions targeting subchondral bone have shown therapeutic potential, while others targeting cartilage have yielded disappointing results. Abnormal subchondral bone remodeling, angiogenesis and sensory nerve innervation contribute directly or indirectly to cartilage destruction and pain. This review is about bone-cartilage crosstalk, the subchondral microenvironment and the critical role of both in osteoarthritis progression. It also provides an update on the pathogenesis of and interventions for osteoarthritis and future research targeting subchondral bone.

The Burwood Academy: incorporating the principles of the independent living paradigm into rehabilitation research

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
John Bourke ◽  
Joanne Nunnerley ◽  
Deborah Snell ◽  
Anne Sinnott Jerram
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Empowerment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rehabilitation Research ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies

Purpose The independent living (IL) movement is a social movement but also an analytic paradigm which can be used to inform and shape rehabilitation research and practice. The purpose of this paper is to describe how the principles of DeJong’s IL paradigm have been used to develop a guiding framework for the Burwood Academy, a rehabilitation and disability research organisation in New Zealand. The Burwood Academy drew on the consumer empowerment principles inherent in DeJong’s IL paradigm, whereby the person learns to take control of the rehabilitation process, on which to promote consumer empowerment in all of the Academy’s endeavours. Design/methodology/approach This paper reports on three investigative phases of work: a stakeholder dialogue, a narrative review and a benchmarking exercise that collectively enabled the development of a working framework based on DeJong’s IL paradigm. Findings This paper highlights pragmatic strategies that are used to better promote consumer inclusion in the research process, build researcher capacity among consumers and clinicians, and promote knowledge translation through a range of tertiary and clinical education forums. Research limitations/implications The results of this study identified numerous ways to promote consumer empowerment in research. Future research is needed to explore the effectiveness of the proposed framework further. Practical implications This paper suggests potential avenues to address the complexities of promoting the role of the “expert consumer” imbedded in clinical environments where this is not usually a priority in training and practice of health professionals. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to study more pragmatic ways to promote consumer empowerment in both clinical and research settings.

Exploring the role of motivational cultural intelligence in SIE women’s adjustment

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riana Schreuders-van den Bergh ◽  
Yvonne Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Cultural Adjustment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Motivational Strategies ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Purposive Sample ◽  
Motivational Cultural Intelligence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss the role of motivational cultural intelligence and its related strategies in the experiential learning and cross-cultural adjustment of self-initiated expatriate (SIE) women. Design/methodology/approach – Interactive qualitative analysis (IQA) was the design and process used for this research. Two IQA focus groups were conducted with a non-probability purposive sample of 21 SIE women, aged between 26 and 53 who were living and working in the Netherlands at the time of the research. Participants were invited to brainstorm about their adjustment experience and actively construct a framework of their adjustment experiences. Findings – Evidence is provided for the role of motivational CQ, with specific reference to reinvention, self-efficacy and goal-setting as motivational strategies, in the successful adjustment of SIE women. Conceptual frameworks of the cyclical learning process and motivational strategies with choice as a moderator in the process, have been developed. Three propositions for future research are also presented. Originality/value – This study represents an under-researched group and proposes conceptual frameworks for understanding the complex, multidimensional process of SIE women adjustment and the role of motivation, from a participant perspective.

scholarly journals Rediscovering Psilocybin as an Antidepressive Treatment Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Rene Zeiss ◽  
Maximilian Gahr ◽  
Heiko Graf
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Antidepressive Treatment ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Insight Into

There has recently been a renewal of interest in psychedelic research on the use of psilocybin in psychiatric treatment and, in particular, for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Several state-of-the-art studies have provided new insight into the mechanisms of action of psilocybin and its therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered. With this review, we provide an overview of the current state of research on the potential mechanisms of psilocybin, its antidepressant potential, and the associated risks and adverse effects, to provide an update on a controversial topic discussed in psychopharmacology. A database search was conducted in Medline including articles on psilocybin over the period of the last 20 years. Despite the promising progress in understanding the mechanisms of psilocybin, the exact antidepressive mechanism and the role of the psychedelic experience remain elusive. The studies included in this review found high treatment effect sizes for psilocybin as an antidepressant. However, the results must be regarded as preliminary due to several limitations. Although the current studies observed no severe adverse events, several questions regarding safety and utility remain and must be subject of future research.

scholarly journals Antiangiogenics: The Potential Role of Integrating This Novel Treatment Modality With Chemoradiation for Solid Cancers

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 4033-4042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan G. Duda ◽  
Rakesh K. Jain ◽  
Christopher G. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Future Research Directions

Although still in very early stages of clinical development, the combination of antiangiogenics with contemporary chemoradiotherapy regimens has emerged as a feasible and promising approach to many cancers. We review the rationale and the current understanding of antiangiogenics and their therapeutic potential in combination with chemoradiotherapy. Finally, we offer a perspective on future research directions aimed at making this complex therapeutic approach successful in the clinic.

scholarly journals The Role of Disgust in Posttraumatic Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. pr.032813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christal L. Badour ◽  
Matthew T. Feldner
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptom ◽  
Retrospective Report ◽  
Stress Symptom ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The current review provides a detailed analysis of the burgeoning literature examining the role of disgust in understanding posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Research in this area generally converges to suggest (1) posttraumatic stress is associated with the experience of elevated disgust, (2) individual differences in disgust vulnerabilities may relate to increased posttraumatic stress symptom levels, (3) retrospective report of peritraumatic disgust is related to posttraumatic stress symptom levels, and (4) posttraumatic stress symptom levels appear to be associated with increased disgust, including in response to traumatic event cues. Importantly, much of this research suggests observed relations between disgust and posttraumatic stress are at least somewhat unique from relations between fear/anxiety and posttraumatic stress. Future research is now needed to identify mechanisms involved in these relations in order to inform the prevention and treatment of disgust-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

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