Factors associated with rear seating of children in motor vehicles: a study in two low-income, predominantly Hispanic communities

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Greenberg-Seth ◽  
David Hemenway ◽  
Susan S. Gallagher ◽  
Karen S. Lissy ◽  
Julie B. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Predominantly Hispanic ◽  
Rear Seating

scholarly journals Factors associated with serious psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional internet-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e051115
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoshioka ◽  
Ryo Okubo ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Satomi Odani ◽  
Tomohiro Shinozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caregiving Burden ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectiveTo investigate the factors associated with serious psychological distress (SPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.DesignNationwide cross-sectional study using survey data.SettingInternet survey using sampling weights for national estimates conducted between 25 August and 30 September 2020 in Japan.ExposuresDemographics (age, gender), socioeconomic status (income level, employment type, educational attainment, marital status, family composition and caregiving burden); the experience of domestic violence (DV), the state of emergency and fear of and stigma related to COVID-19.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of SPD, defined as Kessler 6 Scale score ≥13.ResultsAmong 25 482 respondents, 10.0% met the criteria of SPD. Overall, women (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.59; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.16; p=0.003), ages 15–29 (aOR 2.35 compared with ages 45–59 years; 95% CI 1.64 to 3.38; p<0.001), low-income level (aOR 1.70 compared with intermediate income; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.49; p=0.007), providing caregiving to family members (aOR 5.48; 95% CI 3.51 to 8.56; p<0.001), experiencing DV (aOR 5.72; 95% CI 3.81 to 8.59; p<0.001) and fear of COVID-19 (aOR 1.96; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.48; p<0.001) were associated with SPD. Among women aged 15–29 years, who have a higher risk of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, caregiving, DV, fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19-related stigma were associated with SPD.ConclusionsEconomic situation, caregiving burden, DV and fear of COVID-19 were independently associated with SPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among young women, similar factors, except economic situation, were associated with SPD. Targeted interventions based on age and gender may be more effective in mitigating the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population’s mental health.

Psycho-social factors associated with maternal neonaticide

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S583-S583
Author(s):  
T. Amirejibi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
The Body ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
And Coping

Current research presents five case studies of maternal neonaticide in Georgia. Participants were under the age of thirty, with incomplete secondary education, unemployed, dependent on their families’ low income, living in the rural areas of Georgia. In three cases, participants resided with their family of origin. They were not married or in a relationship with the father of the child. They described their families and communities as conservative, holding strong cultural/religious beliefs against premarital sexual relations/childbirth out of wedlock. They lacked problem solving and coping skills, avoided making decisions concerning the pregnancy by concealing it. This being their first pregnancy, they gave birth alone followed by panic and fear of detection, committed neonaticide and hid the body of the infant. None of them had a prior criminal record. In the remaining cases, participants were married, lived with their spouses and children, had financial hardships. Both reported psychological and physical abuse from their spouses. One of them had a prior criminal offense for possessing controlled substances. The motive for neonaticide was an unwanted child due to an extramarital affair and threat of financial abandonment from extended family. In both cases, infants suffered fatal injuries. All participants reported lack of social support and emotional neglect from family members. These results are in line with international research, suggesting that certain patterns among these mothers are shared. Psychosocial factors associated with neonaticide should be utilized in the process of planning and implementing preventive strategies in health, social and legal frameworks.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Living conditions and receptive vocabulary of children aged two to five years

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Sílvia Basílio ◽  
Rosana Fiorini Puccini ◽  
Edina Mariko Koga da Silva ◽  
Márcia Regina Marcondes Pedromônico
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

OBJECTIVE: To assess the receptive vocabulary of children aged between two years and six months and five years and eleven months who were attending childcare centers and kindergarten schools. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the municipality of Embu, Southeastern Brazil. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and analysis of factors associated with children's performance were applied. The sample consisted of 201 children of both genders, aged between two and six years. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis and logistic regression model. The dependent variable analyzed was test performance and the independent variables were child's age, mother's level of education and family socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS: It was observed that 44.3% of the children had performances in the test that were below what would be expected for their age. The factors associated with the best performances in the test were child's age (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6-3.5) and mother's education level (OR= 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3-7.4). CONCLUSIONS: Mother's education level is important for child's language development. Settings such as childcare and kindergarten schools are protective factors for child development in families of low income and education.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of neurodevelopmental disability among infants in eastern Uganda: a population based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude Namazzi ◽  
Helena Hildenwall ◽  
Paul Mubiri ◽  
Claudia Hanson ◽  
Christine Nalwadda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disability ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background Neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) is increasingly acknowledged as one of the important causes of disease burden in low income countries. None the less, there is a dearth of data on the burden of NDD and its determinants in these settings. We aimed to establish the prevalence and factors associated with NDD among infants in Eastern Uganda. Methods We assessed 487 infants aged 9–12 months within Iganga-Mayuge Health Demographic Surveillance Site in Eastern Uganda using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool. The tool has four domains: gross motor, fine motor, language and social domains. An infant failed a domain if she/he failed more than two parameters of the expected at his/her age. We interviewed mothers on factors that could influence the infants’ neurodevelopmental outcomes. Data were analysed using STATA version 14. We used odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to assess statistical significance of associations. Results Of the 487 infants, 62(12.7%) had an NDD in at least one of the domains. The most affected was social behaviour where 52(10.7%) infants had an NDD. Severe impairment was seen among 9(1.8%) infants with NDD in either three or four domains. Factors associated with NDD at multivariate logistic regression included: parity of more than three children (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.02–3.18); failure to cry at birth (aOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.46–9.17) and post-neonatal complications (aOR = 4.15, 95% CI: 1.22–14.10). Low birth weight, immediate and exclusive breast feeding were not significantly associated with NDD. Conclusion We found a high NDD burden among infants particularly in the social behaviour domain. To optimise the socio-neural development of infants, programs are needed to educate and work with families on how to engage and stimulate infants. Existing immunisation clinics and community health worker strategies provide an excellent opportunity for stemming this burden.

scholarly journals Factors associated with future dental care utilization among low-income smokers overdue for dental visits

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula R. Blasi ◽  
Chloe Krakauer ◽  
Melissa L. Anderson ◽  
Jennifer Nelson ◽  
Terry Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dental Care Utilization

scholarly journals Clinical Risk Factors Associated with Mortality Among Burn Patients Admitted to Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Lahore

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Fatima Sakhawat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Surgery Center

Introduction: Burn injuries being highly devastating in nature, are associated with extensive morbidity and mortality. Although the incidence of burn injuries is less in developed countries but it is increasing in developing and low income countries. Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine clinical risk factors associated with mortality among burn patients. Place and duration of study: Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Lahore from August 2018 till January 2019. Material & Methods: Data was collected by researchers themselves by studying files of patients. Data analysis was done by using SPSS and Pearson Chi Square test was used to determine association of clinical risk factors with mortality among burn patients. Results: Out of 200 patients, 137 were males. The Mortality rate was 12.50 %. Cardiopulmonary arrest was the most common cause of death. Sepsis was the most common complication among burn patients. Higher mortality rates were observed among patients with arterial/venous and urinary catheterization done. Higher survival rates were seen in those patients who were treated with debridement, grafting surgeries, Colistin Use and aided by mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Aid through mechanical ventilation, grafting surgeries, wound debridement, use of colistin are associated with improved survival outcomes among burn patients. Whereas inhalational injury, arterial/venous catheterization, urinary catheter and sepsis are seen as major predictors of mortality among burn patients

The Co-management of Tuberculosis-diabetes Co-morbidities in Indonesia Under the National Tuberculosis Control Program: Results From a Retrospective Cohort Study From 2017-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixi Jiang ◽  
Fauziah Mauly Rahman ◽  
Adik Wibowo ◽  
Adhi Sanjaya ◽  
Permata Imani Ima Silitonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Indonesia suffers from a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes (DM). The government initiated national TB-DM co-management activities under the National TB Control Program in 2017. This study investigates the detection and treatment outcomes of TB-DM in Jakarta after implementing these activities, and identifies the main factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using TB registry data in two districts of Jakarta, East Jakarta (low-income) and South Jakarta (high-income). A 5-step cascade analysis was used: diagnosed TB patients; TB patients tested for DM; diagnosed TB-DM patients; and patients received and completed TB treatment/cured. We conducted descriptive analyses to understand the characteristics of TB and TB-DM patients, and used a two-level mixed-effect logistic regression to explore factors associated with having a DM test and completing TB treatment/being cured. Results: Over the study period (2017-2019) 50.8% of the new pulmonary TB patients aged over 15 were tested for DM. The percentage increased from 41.7% in 2017-2018 to 60.1% in 2019. Of the TB patients tested for DM, 20.8% were diagnosed with DM. Over 90% of the detected TB-DM patients received standard TB treatment, 86.3% of whom completed treatment/were cured. Patients in East Jakarta were more likely to be tested for DM and to complete standard TB treatment/be cured than patients in South Jakarta (P<0.001). Bacteriologically positive TB patients were more likely to be tested for DM (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.17,1.60). Patients diagnosed in sub-district level healthcare centers had a higher likelihood of being tested for DM than those in government and private hospitals (P<0.05). Receiving DM treatment was associated with a higher likelihood of completing TB treatment/being cured (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.20, 2.77).Conclusions: TB-DM case detection significantly improved in 2019 after introducing TB-DM co-management activities in Jakarta, while gaps in TB-DM co-management existed between bacteriologically positive and clinically diagnosed TB patients, and across different types of health facilities. Collaboration between TB and DM departments should be strengthened, and more resources need to be mobilized to further improve the co-management of TB-DM in Indonesia.

Impact of Social Isolation on Physical Activity and Factors Associated With Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Giovana Z. Mazo ◽  
Felipe Fank ◽  
Pedro S. Franco ◽  
Bruna da Silva Vieira Capanema ◽  
Franciele da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to analyze the impact of social isolation on moderate physical activity and factors associated with sedentary behavior of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 older adults (aged 71.0 ± 6.87 years). The data were collected at two time points: in November 2019 and in June 2020. There was a decline in moderate physical activity when the minutes/week were compared before and during social isolation (p < .001). Sedentary behavior was associated with the condition of living alone. Older adults who lived alone were 3.29 times more likely to spend 4 hr or more in sedentary behavior than those who lived with a partner (95% confidence interval [1.01, 10.74]). Government agencies must establish PA-related health promotion strategies, especially in developing and low-income countries. Therefore, home exercises need to be encouraged to prevent the consequences of this pandemic period.

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