The impact of R&D on new technologies, novel design concepts and advanced operating procedures on the cost of water desalination

Desalination ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 139 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glueckstern ◽  
A. Thoma ◽  
M. Priel
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Novel Design

Impact of Advancing Technology on Nuclear Facility Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. Corrado ◽  
Ronald M. Sega
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Many unfortunate and unintended adverse industrial incidents occur across the U.S. each year, and the nuclear industry is no exception. Depending on the severity, these incidents can be problematic for people, the facilities, and surrounding environments. These incidents occur for a number of varying reasons, but more often than not, human error is an accomplice. This article explores whether the complexity and changing technologies, which affect the way operators interact within the systems of the nuclear facilities, exacerbate the severity of incidents caused by human error. A review of nuclear incidents in the U.S. from 1955 to 2010 reaching level three or higher on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) scale was conducted. The cost of each incident at facilities that had recently undergone technological changes affecting plant operator's jobs was compared to those facilities which had not undergone changes. A t-test was applied and determined a statistically significant difference between the two groups. This affirmed that technological advances at nuclear facilities that affect how operators interact within the plant system increase the severity of resulting incidents. Next, a follow-on study was conducted to determine the impact from the incorporation of new technologies into nuclear facilities. The data indicated that spending more money on upgrades increased the capacity of the facility as well as the number of incidents reported, but the incident severity was minor.

Optimizing Product Cost with Supply Chain Cost Modeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 000012-000017
Author(s):  
Chet Palesko ◽  
Alan Palesko
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Modeling ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Demands on the electronics industry for smaller, better, and cheaper packages have made the supply chain more complex. Outsourcing, new technologies, and increasing performance requirements make designing and building the right product for the right price more difficult than ever. We will present a framework for understanding and managing the supply chain through cost modeling. Cost models that accurately reflect the cost impact from technology and design decisions enable a more precise understanding of supply chain behavior. Cost models can show the extra cost of adding a layer, the expected savings from relaxing design rules, or the cost of package on package assembly compared to 3D packaging with through silicon vias (TSVs). The models also provide context to understanding the ″should cost″ of a product and the path to achieving it. Since the guidance from cost models is based on the actual supplier cost drivers and pricing behavior, designer cost reduction efforts will result in higher savings compared to not using the cost models. Without cost models, designers risk missing their suppliers' real cost drivers and, therefore, the opportunity to decrease cost. This cost modeling framework allows the designers to realize the lowest cost product by matching the right design with the right supplier. It is a method for understanding a design decision's cost impact: a design change, a supplier change, or even the impact of new technology.

scholarly journals The Impact of Lifestyle Changes on the Quality of Everyday Life of People with Osteoporosis.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Osteoporosis has recently "walked in“ like an epidemic. It is a disorder that, due to industrialization and the application of new technologies, is today present in younger people lives. Modern devices used in everyday life have replaced the physical activity of man, and along with the sedentary lifestyle, had an impact on an increasing number of people affected by this disease. The effects of osteoporosis are significant because they represent a medical and social problem, and the cost of treating fractures requires significant economic expenditures [1,2]. Falls and injuries caused by them (e.g. fractures) are a growing problem for people in the third age group. Injuries and fractures cause pain plus functional disability, which consequently diminish the quality of life. The consequences increase costs of health care and cause mortality [3].

Impact of new technologies on health-care costs and on the nation's "health"

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1612-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
American Health Care System ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Health Care ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care Costs

Abstract By virtually all criteria, the American health-care system has the largest and most widely distributed technology base of any in the world. The impact of this emphasis on technology on the cost of care, the rate of health-care inflation, and the well-being of the population is reviewed from the perspective of the patient, the provider, and the public health analyst.

Rising energy prices and the economics of water in agriculture

Water Policy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zilberman ◽  
Thomas Sproul ◽  
Deepak Rajagopal ◽  
Steven Sexton ◽  
Petra Hellegers
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Allocation Decisions ◽  
Distribution Water

Rising energy prices will alter water allocation and distribution. Water extraction and conveyance will become more costly and demand for hydroelectric power will grow. The higher cost of energy will substantially increase the cost of groundwater, whereas increasing demand for hydroelectric power may reduce the price and increase supply of surface water. High energy prices and geopolitical considerations drive investment in land-and water-intensive biofuel technology, diverting land and water supplies to energy production at the expense of food production. Thus, rising energy prices will alter the allocation of water, increase the price of food and may have negative distributional effects. The impact of rising energy prices and the introduction of biofuels can be partly offset by the development and adoption of new technologies, including biotechnology. The models considered here can be used to determine the effects of rising energy prices on inputs, outputs, allocation decisions and impact on distribution.

scholarly journals A COMMON METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF PROFIT FROM SALE OF PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Krastyo Chukov
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Product Range ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Administrative Expenses ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This publication studies the profit from sale of products. It is aimed at developing and suggesting a methodology for analysis and assessment of the impact of individual direct factors on the dynamics of this indicator.Profit from sale of products is formed under the impact of direct and indirect factors. Direct factors have immediate effect on the formation of profit dynamics as a resultative indicator and such effect may be quantified. This is due to the fact that there is precisely determined mathematical dependence between the direct factors and the profit as an object of the analysis. Direct factors comprise the amount, the range structure, the cost and the prices of products. By increasing the amount of products (at specific rate of return) and the prices, the profit increases, and upon their decrease, it also decreases. Any cost increase results in the respective profit decrease, and vice versa. With regard to the product range structure, profit increases upon increase of the relative share of more profitable items, and decreases upon increase of the less profitable items.Indirect factors refer to introduction of new technologies and items, increase of production capacities of fixed tangible assets and improvement of the level of their extensive and intensive use, increase of efficiency of labor, etc. The impact of indirect factors is expressed through the direct factors.We suggest an approach for differentiation of changes in the amount and range structure of products.The determination of the three factors – elements of the cost of sold products – expenses for principal activity, expenses for sale of products, and administrative expenses, is in accordance with the modern organization for creation of information by accounting means.The updated methodology developed and suggested in this publication enables the identification and assessment of the impact of direct factors on the deviation between the actual and benchmark value of profit from sale of products. These factors are:1) changes in the amount of production;2) changes in the expenses for principal activity;3) changes in the expenses for sale of products;4) changes in the administrative expenses;5) changes in the sales prices;6) changes in the product range structure.The feasibility of this methodology is illustrated by using specific numerical information.

The design of future passenger aircraft – the environmental and fuel price challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (1223) ◽  
pp. 37-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Jupp
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Passenger Aircraft ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThis paper is intended as a general introduction to the requirements for future passenger aircraft design. The needs of the 21stcentury are addressed to meet the important requirements of the customer airlines as well as those of the general public. In particular, the impact on two traditional major requirements are reviewed, the Design Mission and the operating costs. The effect of aircraft on the environment and the increases in the cost of fuel will have a substantial effect on the way future aircraft are optimised. These demands are summarised before moving on to the basic equations affecting how the aircraft design must respond. Very similar targets driving research work have been set in both Europe and the United States, and some of the new technologies that we can expect to be incorporated are outlined. Finally, a glimpse is given of the possible future aircraft configurations we may see in the skies in response to the new demands.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Is technological change a devourer of jobs?

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Task Sets ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides a critical analysis of the idea of technological unemployment. The overview of the existing literature on the employment effects of technological change shows that on the micro-level there exists strong and positive relationship between innovations and employment growth in firms; on the sectoral level this correlation becomes ambiguous; on the macro-level the impact of new technologies seems to be positive or neutral. This implies that fears of explosive growth of technological unemployment in the foreseeable future are exaggerated. Our analysis further suggests that new technologies affect mostly the structure of employment rather than its level. Additionally we argue that automation and digitalisation would change mostly task sets within particular occupations rather than distribution of workers by occupations.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

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