Effects of acrylonitrile water solubility on limiting conversion and copolymer composition in suspension polymerization

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1337-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Lu ◽  
Zhixue Weng ◽  
Shuxue Zhou ◽  
Zhiming Huang ◽  
Zuren Pan
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Copolymer Composition

Studies on Multihollow PUA-EMA-St Crosslinked Copolymer Beads: Synthesis and Hollow Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Wei Hong Sun ◽  
Xin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Ethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Polyurethane Acrylate

The multihollow and elastomeric beads from polyurethane acrylate (PUA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and styrene (St) are prepared by suspension polymerization using n-heptane as porogen and 1,2-divinylbenzene (DVB) as crosslinking agent. The SEM results show that the beads of PUA-EMA-St crosslinked copolymers have many and large hollows on their surfaces and interiors, and the hollow sizes are dependence of the copolymer composition and the dosages of porogen. Average hollow diameters decrease as the dosages of the contents of PUA and porogen decrease.

Physicochemical, Gel Structure and Morphology Properties of Nano Rice Starch Prepared by Ultrasound

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Ai Jun Hu ◽  
Cong Wu ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Zhi Hua Zhang ◽  
Qiong Xi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Gel Structure ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Inverse Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C 50

Nano rice starch prepared by ultrasonic-assisted inverse suspension polymerization was investigated on its physicochemical, gel structure and morphology properties. Water solubility index (WSI) under different temperatures and water absorption index (WAI) of nano rice starch and native starch were studied in this paper. WAI of native starch was 8.67%, and that of nano starch increased 38.45%, compared with native starch. WSI of native starch was respectively 0.024%, 0.057%, 0.111%, 0.211% under 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, however, that of nano starch respectively increased to 1.32%, 1.430%, 1.527%, 1.513%. Gel strength of nano starch was 3.20g, and native starch increased to 62.87g. The structure of native rice starch granules was polyhedron with pronounced edges, however, granule size of nano starch became small, and nano starch appeared significant agglomeration.

Sodium Lignosulphonate-Polyvinyl Alcohol Bioadsorbent: Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorption for Pb (II)

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Luo ◽  
Xiao Yan Lin ◽  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
High Water ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Static Force ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
High Water Solubility

A novel sodium lignosulphonate (SLS)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) spherical macroporous bioadsorbent (SLSP) was synthesized by reversed phase suspension polymerization. Comparing with powdery and high water solubility SLS, this new spherical bioadsorbent exhibited relative stability under static force. SEM and FTIR proved the cross-linking of SLS and PVA. TG curves of SLS and SLSP indicated that the thermal property of SLS had been improved by cross-linking modification. Meanwhile, comprehensive adsorption study of Pb (II) on this bioadsorbent was conducted regarding the effects of time, initial PH and initial Pb (II) concentration. 90% of Pb (II) from aqueous solution could be removed by 0.4g of the adsorbent at 25°C for less than 3h. The adsorption process was determined to be consistent with the Langmuir isotherm.

The effect of copolymer composition on the batch foaming dynamics of styrene/methylmethacrylate copolymers

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Azimi ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei ◽  
Mostafa Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Expansion Behavior ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Batch Foaming

In this work, styrene/methyl methacrylate (St/MMA) copolymer particles were synthesized by suspension polymerization process with different copolymer compositions to study the visual batch foaming dynamics. The visualization system consisted of the self-sealing observation cell equipped to the pressure and temperature controller. The synthesized copolymer particles were impregnated by n-pentane, followed by recording of particle expansion. The cell structure of foams was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of different foaming conditions on the expansion behavior of copolymers was examined. It was concluded that sorption pressure and temperature have contradictory effects on the foaming ratio of the synthesized copolymers at lower and higher sorption pressures, and the results were confirmed with the foams’ cell structure. Furthermore, it was shown that, at different temperatures and pressures, the expansion behavior change dramatically with increasing of MMA content in the copolymer.

ANALISIS FISIKA KIMIA DARI KERANG DARA (Anadara granosa) YANG BERASAL DARI KAYUTANYO KAB. BANGGAI The Analysis of physical chemical from dara shells (Anadara granosa) origin from Kayutanyo, Kab.Banggai

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SULASMI ANGGO
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Dust Content ◽  
Total Dust ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Anadara Granosa

The Analysis of physical chemical from dara shells (Anadara granosa) origin from Kayutanyo, kab. Banggai, has been conducted.Dara shell meat is sleaned and dried and after that powered with blender. Determine % rendement, water bonding capacity and index water solubility with Anderson method, coarse fat content with gravimetric method and carbohydrate method with “bye difference” decrease method.The result of analysis showed rendement value is 24,35%, water bonding capacity is 1,6248 gram/ml, index water solubility is 0,202 gram/ml, water content is 79,0045%, total dust content is 1,072%, coarse protein content is 2,25%, coarse fat content is 8,47%, carbohydrate content is 9,2035%. Keyword : Dara shells, (Anadara granosa), analysis physical chemical

Investigating the influence of aromatic moieties on the formulation of hydrophobic natural products and drugs in poly(2-oxazoline) based amphiphiles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Luxenhofer ◽  
Michael M Lübtow ◽  
Lukas Hahn ◽  
Thomas Lorson ◽  
Rainer Schobert
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
High Drug ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Aromatic Content ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
High Drug Loading

Many natural compounds with interesting biomedical properties share one physicochemical property, namely a low water solubility. Polymer micelles are, among others, a popular means to solubilize hydrophobic compounds. The specific molecular interactions between the polymers and the hydrophobic drugs are diverse and recently it has been discussed that macromolecular engineering can be used to optimize drug loaded micelles. Specifically, π-π stacking between small molecules and polymers has been discussed as an important interaction that can be employed to increase drug loading and formulation stability. Here, we test this hypothesis using four different polymer amphiphiles with varying aromatic content and various natural products that also contain different relative amounts of aromatic moieties. While in the case of paclitaxel, having the lowest relative content of aromatic moieties, the drug loading decreases with increasing relative aromatic amount in the polymer, the drug loading of curcumin, having a much higher relative aromatic content, is increased. Interestingly, the loading using schizandrin A, a dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignan with intermediate relative aromatic content is not influenced significantly by the aromatic content of the polymers employed. The very high drug loading, long term stability, the ability to form stable highly loaded binary coformulations in different drug combinations, small sized formulations and amorphous structures in all cases, corroborate earlier reports that poly(2-oxazoline) based micelles exhibit an extraordinarily high drug loading and are promising candidates for further biomedical applications. The presented results underline that the interaction between the polymers and the incorporated small molecules are complex and must be investigated in every specific case.<br>

BODIPY Fluorophores for Membrane Potential Imaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Franke ◽  
Benjamin Raliski ◽  
Steven Boggess ◽  
Divya Natesan ◽  
Evan Koretsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Voltage Sensitivity ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Direct Modification ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Meso Position ◽  
Ionizable Groups ◽  
Boron Center

Fluorophores based on the BODIPY scaffold are prized for their tunable excitation and emission profiles, mild syntheses, and biological compatibility. Improving the water-solubility of BODIPY dyes remains an outstanding challenge. The development of water-soluble BODIPY dyes usually involves direct modification of the BODIPY fluorophore core with ionizable groups or substitution at the boron center. While these strategies are effective for the generation of water-soluble fluorophores, they are challenging to implement when developing BODIPY-based indicators: direct modification of BODIPY core can disrupt the electronics of the dye, complicating the design of functional indicators; and substitution at the boron center often renders the resultant BODIPY incompatible with the chemical transformations required to generate fluorescent sensors. In this study, we show that BODIPYs bearing a sulfonated aromatic group at the meso position provide a general solution for water-soluble BODIPYs. We outline the route to a suite of 5 new sulfonated BODIPYs with 2,6-disubstitution patterns spanning a range of electron-donating and -withdrawing propensities. To highlight the utility of these new, sulfonated BODIPYs, we further functionalize them to access 13 new, BODIPY-based voltage-sensitive fluorophores. The most sensitive of these BODIPY VF dyes displays a 48% ΔF/F per 100 mV in mammalian cells. Two additional BODIPY VFs show good voltage sensitivity (≥24% ΔF/F) and excellent brightness in cells. These compounds can report on action potential dynamics in both mammalian neurons and human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Accessing a range of substituents in the context of a water soluble BODIPY fluorophore provides opportunities to tune the electronic properties of water-soluble BODIPY dyes for functional indicators.

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