HPA axis responses to laboratory psychosocial stress in healthy elderly adults, younger adults, and children: impact of age and gender

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M Kudielka ◽  
A Buske-Kirschbaum ◽  
D.H Hellhammer ◽  
C Kirschbaum
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
And Gender

Development of a Scale to Measure Death Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Petty ◽  
Bert Hayslip ◽  
Daniela M. Caballero ◽  
Sharon Rae Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Death And Dying ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Sociocultural Change ◽  
Death Attitudes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Kastenbaum and Aisenberg have suggested that persons can cope with the impact of death and dying by altering their understanding of what each means to them as well as by changing their behavioral responses to such experiences. The present study’s purpose was to develop a reliable and valid measure to assess an individual’s particular death perspective based on Kastenbaum and Aisenberg’s distinctions between overcomers and participators. The Death Perspective Scale developed here assessed the extent to which individuals utilize either an overcoming or participating approach to (a) assigning meaning to dying and death and (b) behaviorally responding to death-related experiences. Based upon the data collected from 168 adults varying by age and gender, findings suggested that both overcoming and participating could be reliably assessed, correlated with measures of death anxiety and death attitudes, and varied reliably ( p < .05) by age and gender, wherein such differences were for the most part consistent with predictions by Kastenbaum and Aisenberg espoused over 30 years ago. Findings here suggested that overcomers reported more fear of death and dying and were less accepting in this respect, while participators reported fewer death-related fears and were more accepting. Women and older adults were more participating, while men and younger adults were more overcoming, though such effects varied depending upon whether meaning versus response to death was considered. The consistency between the present findings and the predictions Kastenbaum and Aisenberg suggests that while person’s orientations to death and dying seem to transcend sociocultural change, empirically based efforts to better understand how our death system impacts persons need to move forward.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Disparities in Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Real-World Evidence Based on Big Data for Risk Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomo Xiong ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Minghui Li ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Z. Kevin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Real World ◽  
Adverse Event Reporting System ◽  
Adverse Event Reporting ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
And Gender

Background: Two coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have received emergency use authorizations in the U.S. However, the safety of these vaccines in the real-world remains unknown.Methods: We reviewed adverse events (AEs) following COVID-19 vaccination among adults in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from December 14, 2020, through January 22, 2021. We compared the top 10 AEs, serious AEs, along with office and emergency room (ER) visits by age (18–64 years, ≥65 years) and gender (female, male).Results: There were age and gender disparities among adults with AEs following COVID-19 vaccination. Compared to younger adults aged between 18 and 64 years, older adults were more likely to report serious AEs, death, permanent disability, and hospitalization. Males were more likely to report serious AEs, death, and hospitalization compared to females.Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccines are generally safe but possible age and gender disparities in reported AEs may exist.

Age and gender effects on human brain anatomy: A voxel-based morphometric study in healthy elderly

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Smith ◽  
Himachandra Chebrolu ◽  
David R. Wekstein ◽  
Frederick A. Schmitt ◽  
William R. Markesbery
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Mini-Review on the Possible Interconnections between the Gut-Brain Axis and the Infertility-Related Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Simionescu ◽  
Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Bogdan Doroftei ◽  
Radu Maftei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Both the gut-brain axis (GBA) and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis remain an intriguing yet obscure network with a strong influence over other systems of organs. Recent reports have sought to describe the multitude of harmful stressors that may impact the HPA axis along with the interconnections between these. This has improved our knowledge of how the underlying mechanisms working to establish homeostasis are affected. A disruption to the HPA axis can amplify the chances of gastrointestinal deficiencies, whilst also increasing the risk of a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, the influence of microorganisms found throughout the digestive tract possess the ability to affect both physiology and behaviour by triggering responses, which may be unfavourable. This is sometimes the case in of infertility. Numerous supplements have been formulated with the intention of rebalancing the gut microflora. Accordingly, the gut flora may alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs used as part of fertility treatments, potentially exacerbating the predisposition for various neurological disorders, regardless of the age and gender.

Is V̇O2max an Appropriate Fitness Indicator for Older Adults?

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea T. White ◽  
C. Steven Fehlauer ◽  
Rita Hanover ◽  
Stephen C. Johnson ◽  
Robert E. Dustman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Work

Older individuals arc more likely than younger adults to exhibit symptoms of exercise intolerance at high work rates. The risks of maximal exercise in older adults increase proportionally as the number of health difficulties increase. In this study, the effects of health status, age, and gender on older adults’ ability to attain V̇O2max are examined. Sedentary volunteers (60 women, 45 men), mean age 67 ± 5 years (range 57-78 years), participated in graded maximal exercise tests on a combined arm and leg cycle ergometer. Subjects were classified into three groups based on test termination reason: attainment of V̇O2max (MAX), symptom-limited (SX), or EKG-limited (EKG). Sixty percent of men and 40% of women were classified as MAX, while 48% of women and 27% of men were characterized as SX. Thirteen percent of men and 12% of women had EKG-limited exercise tests. Those in the EKG group reported significantly more diagnoses than subjects in the MAX group (2.7 vs. 1.4. p < .05). The number of medications reported and age of the subjects did not differ across test termination categories.

Children's perception of foreign-accented words

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
TESSA BENT
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Regional Dialect ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTThe acoustic-phonetic realizations of words can vary dramatically depending on a variety of within- and across-talker characteristics such as regional dialect, native language, age, and gender. Robust word learning requires that children are able to recognize words amidst this substantial variability. In the current study, perception of foreign-accented words was assessed in four- to seven-year-old children to test how one form of variability influences word recognition in children. Results demonstrated that children had less accurate word recognition than adults for both native- and foreign-accented words. Both adults and children were less accurate at identifying foreign-accented words compared to native-accented words with children and adults showing similar decrements. For children, age and lexicon size contributed to accurate word recognition.

scholarly journals Assessing Hydration in Children: From Science to Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Guelinckx ◽  
A.S. Frémont-Marquis ◽  
E. Eon ◽  
S.A. Kavouras ◽  
L.E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Hydration Status ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarker ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Graphic Elements

Raising children's awareness about their hydration status could be done through a noninvasive biomarker. Urine color (UC) has been validated as a biomarker of hydration in adults and children aged 8-14 years. The aim of this survey was to design and to evaluate the level of understanding and attractiveness of a self-assessment, UC-based hydration tool for children aged 6-11 years. The first phase of the survey consisted of face-to-face interviews during which 84 children identified those graphical elements necessary to understand the hydration message from 6 illustration-based designs containing the UC chart. The graphic elements selected were the basis to create 3 new designs. During the 2nd phase, the level of understanding and attractiveness of these 3 new designs was then evaluated via an online questionnaire by a total of 1,231 children in 3 countries. The design with the highest level of understanding was totally or partially understood by 76% of the participants, independent of age and gender. The levels of understanding, however, differed in the countries. In Indonesia, the levels of understanding of the 3 designs were comparable; whereas in both France (74%) and Mexico (78%), significantly more participants totally and partially understood one of the 3 designs. The levels of attractiveness of the 3 designs were comparable, independent of country, age, and gender. On average, 80% of all participants liked the 3 designs a bit or a lot. Only 14% did not like the designs, and 5% of participants had no opinion regarding attractiveness. These results indicated that three out of four children like and understand the correct hydration message from a strictly illustration-based tool containing the eight-point UC scale.

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