Correlation Between Psychosocial Stress and Depression among Adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
A. Markeviciute ◽  
I. Pilkauskiene ◽  
A. Gostautas ◽  
V. Adomaitiene ◽  
R. Vaitkevicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
List Type ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Correlative Analysis ◽  
Orthogonal Varimax Rotation

Background:The data of various studies indicates, that stressful life events having a strong influence to the development of depression in adolescence.Aim:To study the correlation between psychosocial stress and depression among adolescents.Methods:The subjects of the study were 1026 schoolchildren (519 boys and 507 girls) of secondary schools (ninth form pupils) of one administrative region of Lithuania. Average age of adolescents was 14,8±1,12 years. The 57-item Depression scale of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents (MMPI-A D) and 7-item Reeder scale were used.Results:The first four factors of depression (pessimism, hostility, somatic health, tension-anxiety) after MMPI-A D scale orthogonal varimax rotation were used in data analysis. Correlative analysis was show statistically meaning correlations between depression, the pessimism factor and the all items of psychosocial stress for the girls. The boys’ tension-anxiety factor correlated statistically meaning with all items of psychosocial stress. Comparing depressive and not depressive adolescents according Reeder scale, determined that both: depressive boys (p=0,043), and depressive girls (p< 0,0001) experienced more psychosocial stress comparing with not depressive adolescents. The stepwise regression analyses differed an importance of the items “nervous tension” (p=0,011), “stress because of communication” (p=0,014) for the girls’ depression and the items “nervous tension” (p=0,011), “physical and mental exhaustion at the end of a day” (p=0,003) for the boys’ depression.Conclusions:1.Depressive boys and girls experienced more psychosocial stress comparing with not depressive adolescents.2.Psychosocial stress is important for prognosis of depression in adolescence.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the onset of major depressive disorder in adults with type 2 diabetes living in 12 different countries: results from the INTERPRET-DD prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Lloyd ◽  
N. Sartorius ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
A. Alvarez ◽  
S. Bahendeka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Major Depressive

Abstract Aims To examine the factors that are associated with changes in depression in people with type 2 diabetes living in 12 different countries. Methods People with type 2 diabetes treated in out-patient settings aged 18–65 years underwent a psychiatric assessment to diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD) at baseline and follow-up. At both time points, participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the WHO five-item Well-being scale (WHO-5) and the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale which measures diabetes-related distress. A composite stress score (CSS) (the occurrence of stressful life events and their reported degree of ‘upset’) between baseline and follow-up was calculated. Demographic data and medical record information were collected. Separate regression analyses were conducted with MDD and PHQ-9 scores as the dependent variables. Results In total, there were 7.4% (120) incident cases of MDD with 81.5% (1317) continuing to remain free of a diagnosis of MDD. Univariate analyses demonstrated that those with MDD were more likely to be female, less likely to be physically active, more likely to have diabetes complications at baseline and have higher CSS. Mean scores for the WHO-5, PAID and PHQ-9 were poorer in those with incident MDD compared with those who had never had a diagnosis of MDD. Regression analyses demonstrated that higher PHQ-9, lower WHO-5 scores and greater CSS were significant predictors of incident MDD. Significant predictors of PHQ-9 were baseline PHQ-9 score, WHO-5, PAID and CSS. Conclusion This study demonstrates the importance of psychosocial factors in addition to physiological variables in the development of depressive symptoms and incident MDD in people with type 2 diabetes. Stressful life events, depressive symptoms and diabetes-related distress all play a significant role which has implications for practice. A more holistic approach to care, which recognises the interplay of these psychosocial factors, may help to mitigate their impact on diabetes self-management as well as MDD, thus early screening and treatment for symptoms is recommended.

Metacognitions, Emotions, and Procrastination

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcantonio M. Spada ◽  
Kalliopi Hiou ◽  
Ana V. Nikcevic
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Decisional Procrastination ◽  
Penn State ◽  
State Worry ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The present study explored the relationships between metacognitions, negative emotions, and procrastination. A convenience sample of 179 participants completed the following questionnaires: General Procrastination Scale, Decisional Procrastination Scale, Meta-cognitions Questionnaire 30, Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A cross-sectional design was adopted and data analysis consisted of correlation and multiple regression analyses. One dimension of metacognitions was found to be positively and significantly correlated with behavioral procrastination. Four dimensions of metacognitions were found to be positively and significantly correlated with decisional procrastination. Positive and significant relationships were also observed between anxiety, depression and behavioral procrastination; and between anxiety, depression, worry, and decisional procrastination. Multiple regression analyses indicated that depression and beliefs about cognitive confidence independently predicted behavioral procrastination, and that depression and positive beliefs about worry independently predicted decisional procrastination. These preliminary results would seem to suggest that metacognitive theory may be relevant to understanding procrastination.

Exploring Predictors of Expressive Grammar Across Different Assessment Tasks in Preschoolers With or Without DLD

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Marley Yarian ◽  
Karla N. Washington ◽  
Caroline E. Spencer ◽  
Jennifer Vannest ◽  
Kathryn Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Assessment Tasks ◽  
Language Assessments ◽  
Parent Concern ◽  
Speech And Language Development

Predictors of expressive grammar were compared in formal and naturalistic assessment tasks for children with typically developing (TD) language and with Developmental Langauge Disorder (DLD). Standardized expressive language assessments were administered to 110 preschoolers. The parents of these children reported whether or not they were concerned about their child’s speech and language development. Stepwise regression analyses revealed receptive language as the only significant predictor of expressive grammar across assessment tasks. For TD preschoolers, receptive vocabulary and grammar accounted for expressive grammar performance in the formal task; however, only receptive grammar accounted for performance in the naturalistic task. For DLD preschoolers, only receptive vocabulary accounted for expressive grammar performance across both tasks. Nonverbal IQ and parent concern did not predict expressive grammar performance in either task. Implications for treatment of preschool DLD using relative strengths in vocabulary are discussed.

scholarly journals 14 Differentiating functional cognitive disorder from early neurodegeneration: a clinic-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. e13.1-e13
Author(s):  
Harriet A Ball ◽  
Marta Swirski ◽  
Margaret Newson ◽  
Elizabeth Coulthard ◽  
Catherine Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Two Samples

Objectives/AimsFunctional Cognitive Disorder (FCD) describes distressing or disabling cognitive symptoms that can be positively identified as internally inconsistent with recognised brain or systemic disease processes. FCD is common amongst attendees to cognitive or memory clinics. We aimed to improve the clinical characterisation of such patients, and identify means to differentiate them from patients with early neurodegeneration.MethodsWe identified two samples of patients recruited from a specialist cognitive clinic, classified on the basis of consensus expert clinical opinion following relevant investigations: FCD, (n=21), and neurodegenerative Mild Cognitive Impairment ‘MCI’, (n=17). We also recruited healthy control participants (n=25). All participants completed a cognitive battery: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B); and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2RF). Analyses included regression models controlling for age and gender. Analysis of the personality data focused on specific hypotheses generated from previous work on functional disorders.ResultsAs expected, the FCD participants were younger than the MCI participants (mean age 58 vs 72), and were more likely to be occupationally active (35% vs 6%).As described previously in this sample*, subjective cognitive symptoms were equally elevated in FCD and MCI compared to controls. Both the FCD and MCI groups were impaired in comparison to controls on MoCA, TMT-B and the initial recall component of HVLT-R. However, FCD participants demonstrated a dip in scores from free recall to recognition on HVLT-R, which was not seen in MCI (p<0.05). FCD and MCI groups scored equally high relative to controls on anxiety and depression, and on four personality indices: emotional or internalising dysfunction, somatic complaints (cognitive and non-cognitive analysed separately), and negative emotional experiences. There were no group differences in ‘introversion/low positive emotionality’.ConclusionsCognitive symptoms, basic bedside cognitive testing, personality analysis, and mood symptoms are all similar across both early neurodegenerative and FCD groups, making them hard to disentangle clinically. We hope that by highlighting certain testing modalities that can illustrate internal inconsistency (such as delayed recall spared relative to recognition, as opposed to consistently poor delayed recall and recognition that is more typical of Alzheimer’s neurodegeneration), we can improve diagnosis and thereby management strategies. It is unclear why both mood and non-cognitive somatic symptoms are elevated in both FCD and MCI; this could reflect an epiphenomenon of distress surrounding the cognitive symptoms, despite diverse origins of the cognitive symptoms.ReferencePennington C, Ball HA, Swirski M. Functional cognitive disorder: diagnostic challenges and future directions.Diagnostics 2019; 9: 131.

scholarly journals Parental divorce in childhood does not independently predict maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elviira Porthan ◽  
Matti Lindberg ◽  
Eeva Ekholm ◽  
Noora M. Scheinin ◽  
Linnea Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Witnessing Domestic Violence

Abstract Background This study sought to investigate if parental divorce in childhood increases the risk for depressive symptoms in pregnancy. Methods Women were recruited during their ultrasound screening in gestational week (gwk) 12. The final study sample consisted of 2,899 pregnant women. Questionnaires (including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) were completed at three measurement points (gwk 14, 24 and 34). Prenatal depressive symptoms were defined as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score ≥ 13. Parental divorce and other stressful life events in childhood were assessed at gwk 14. Parental divorce was defined as separation of parents who were married or cohabiting. Questionnaire data was supplemented with data from Statistics Finland and the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Results Parental divorce in childhood increased the risk for depressive symptoms during pregnancy (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.02–2.13), but the connection was no longer significant after adjusting for socioeconomic status, family conflicts and witnessing domestic violence in the childhood family (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.54–1.18). Conclusions Parental divorce alone does not predict depressive symptoms during pregnancy.

Goal Attainment and Non-Goal Occurrences as Underlying Mechanisms to an Athlete’s Sources of Enjoyment

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Stein ◽  
Tara K. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Goal Hierarchy ◽  
General Goal ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Events

The present study examined a conceptual framework developed to organize and explain an athlete’s sources of enjoyment. The framework consisted of two potential underlying mechanisms: goal attainment and non-goal occurrences. Goal attainment are experiences that athletes set, strive for, and achieve. Athletes have two functionally related goal levels, labeled universal and general, which form a goal hierarchy. Non-goal occurrences are environmental events that take place but are not a priori set as goals. Participants were 13- to 16-year-old high school and park league baseball and basketball players who answered a single postseason questionnaire. Stepwise regression analyses indicated partial framework support. General goal attainment predicted both universal goal attainment and seasonal enjoyment, universal goal attainment failed to predict seasonal enjoyment, and non-goal occurrences showed no relationship to either universal goal attainment or seasonal enjoyment.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Depressive Symptomology and the Influence of Psychosocial Stress: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1477-1477
Author(s):  
Caitlin Porter ◽  
Nicole Karazurna ◽  
Semra Aytur ◽  
Jesse Morrell ◽  
Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
Chronic Stressors ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Abstract Objectives The literature on n-3 fatty acid (FA) intake and depressive symptoms is inconsistent, potentially due in part to the influence of psychosocial stress. Some evidence supports that n-3 intake may have greater benefit on depressive symptoms among those with high oxidative stress. We quantified the associations between dietary and plasma n-3 FA and 6-y depressive symptoms and measured the modifying effect of psychosocial stress. Methods Data are from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (age 48 y, 63% female). At baseline (2008–11), EPA, DHA and n-3 very-long-chain FAs (n-3VLCFAs) were estimated using two 24-hr recalls and the NCI method. Plasma n-3 FAs were measured by mass spectrometry. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline and 6-y follow-up with the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Approximately 9 months from baseline, the 10-item Perceived Stress (PSS) and Chronic Burden of Stress scales were obtained. Unstratified and psychosocial stress-stratified associations were analyzed using survey linear regression among those with dietary (n = 3537) and plasma (n = 718) FA data. Model covariates included, but were not limited to, baseline CESD score, ethnicity, study site, antidepressant use, total energy intake, and dietary or plasma n-6 FA. Results Baseline DHA and n-3VLCFA intake were inversely associated with 6-y CESD (P &lt; 0.05). All examined dietary n-3 FA exposures were inversely associated with CESD among those in the highest PSS quartile (Q4) (P &lt; 0.05), but this was attenuated after considering n-6 FA intake. DHA and n-3VLCFA intakes were associated with lower CESD among those with 2 chronic stressors, but not &lt;1 or &gt;2 stressors. Plasma n-3 FAs were not associated with CESD in PSS stratified and unstratified analyses. However, plasma n-3 FA were associated with lower CESD score among those with only 2 chronic stressors. Conclusions Dietary n-3VLCFAs, but not plasma, were inversely associated with 6-y CESD. Psychosocial stress did not clearly modify these associations. These results provide some evidence that greater n-3VLCFA intake may reduce depressive symptoms among Hispanic/Latino adults. However, considering the limitations of self-reported intake, further research is needed using biomarkers of long-term n-3 consumption and psychosocial stress to confirm our findings. Funding Sources None.

Correlates of Self-Perceived Fitness

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fitness And Health

This paper reports the associations between two global measures of self-perceived fitness and numerous objective fitness and fitness-related measures among 118 British men and women (mean age = 37.9 yr.). Self-perceived fitness, indicated on both a semantic scale of excellent through very poor (I) and an ordinal scale of 1 through 5 (II), was significantly correlated with most fitness and fitness-related variables. For self-perceived fitness I and II, respectively, these included physical work capacity ( rho = 0.48 and 0.51), percent body fat ( rho = −0.27 and −0.39), grip strength ( rho = 0.30 and 0.35), very hard leisure-time physical activity ( rho = 0.47 and 0.35), and frequency of sweating ( rho = 0.54 and 0.45). Stepwise regression analyses yielded Rs of 0.70 and 0.64 for self-perceived fitness I and II, respectively. A significant correlate of self-perceived fitness was self-perceived health ( rho = 0.47), suggesting that people may perceive fitness and health in the same manner. The present data suggest the considerable scope for examining further how people interpret the concept of fitness.

scholarly journals M61. THE ROLE OF PERSONAL WORLDVIEW IN PREDICTING DELUSION PRONENESS IN A NON-CLINICAL SAMPLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S158-S158
Author(s):  
Georgia Zamperoni ◽  
Eric Tan ◽  
Erica Neill ◽  
Susan Rossell ◽  
Eric Tan
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Background Unusual thought processes, often referred to as delusion proneness, are not unique to clinical populations. Understanding the factors that contribute to delusion proneness has important theoretical and clinical implications in prodromal psychosis. Methods This study ascertained the presence of delusion proneness and associated levels of distress, preoccupation and conviction in a large sample of healthy participants (N=258, M= 33.62 years, SD =12.04), and subsequently investigated two aspects of personal worldview in predicting delusion proneness: Locus of control (LOC) and core positive and negative schemas of the self and others. This data was collected via an online survey. Results Stepwise regression analyses indicated that negative schemas of others predicted the presence of delusion proneness (p&lt;.001) and associated levels of distress (p= .012) and preoccupation (p= .025); whilst negative schemas of the self predicted only the presence of delusion proneness (p= .001). Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that LOC was not a significant predictor of the presence of delusion proneness (p= .141), or associated features of distress (p =.281), preoccupation (p=.220) and conviction (p= .660). Discussion The current study found that negative schemas of others accounted for more variance in predicting delusion proneness and aspects of experience (distress and preoccupation) than negative self- schemas. Our study may suggest that therapy focusing on one’s regulation of emotions and assumptions about others in individuals with delusion-like beliefs may be more critical in alleviating delusional symptoms than exclusively focusing on self-schemas.

Guessing and risk attitude in L2 vocabulary tests

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

Guessing the meaning of unknown words is an essential process in L2 comprehension. At the same time, guessing is considered a nuisance in L2 vocabulary tests. This raises the question of the nature and causes of guessing in L2 vocabulary tests. The traditional claims in language testing are that guessing is (1) a function of proficiency and (2) a function of the test taker’s risk attitude. To investigate these claims in the context of standardized vocabulary testing, 135 advanced EFL learners participated in a computer-based yes/no vocabulary test combined with a translation task and a risk test. Stepwise regression analyses suggest that about 60% of the variation in yes/no test guesses are attributable to inappropriate or lack of semantic word knowledge. However, there was no systematic effect of risk attitude and guessing was largely independent of general lexical proficiency level. Methodological and inferential consequences for L2 vocabulary testing are discussed.

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