Self-mutilating behaviour of psychiatric inpatients

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L.I. Nijman ◽  
M. Dautzenberg ◽  
H.L.G.J. Merckelbach ◽  
P. Jung ◽  
I. Wessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Dissociative Symptoms ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
History Of

SummaryIn the present study two broad hypotheses about the origins of self-mutilation in psychiatric patients were evaluated. The first hypothesis states that self-mutilation originates from child abuse and experiences of neglect and is connected to dissociation in later life. The second hypothesis views self-mutilation as the consequence of impulse control problems. To test these two hypotheses, data concerning traumatic childhood experiences and dissociative symptoms (hypothesis 1), as well as data concerning aggressiveness, obsessive-compulsiveness and sensation seeking (hypothesis 2) were collected in a sample of 54 psychiatric inpatients. Twenty-four out of 54 patients (44%) reported having engaged in self-mutilation. Mean age of onset of this behaviour was 23 years. Self-report measures of self-mutilators were more in line with the first than with the second hypothesis. That is, patients who engaged in self-mutilation reported more traumatic childhood experiences and dissociative symptoms than did control patients. The two groups did not differ in terms of aggressiveness, obsessive-compulsiveness, and sensation seeking. In line with earlier studies, the current results indicate that self-mutilating behaviour is linked to a history of abuse and neglect.

Dissociation, Abuse and the Eating Disorders: Evidence from an Australian Population

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Brown ◽  
Janice Russell ◽  
Christopher Thornton ◽  
Stewart Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Australian Experience ◽  
Report Measure

Objective: Anumber of European and Northern American studies have investigated a possible association between dissociative phenomena, eating disorders, child sexual abuse and self-mutilation. However, there has been little confirmation from other countries and cultures, and the Australian experience of these interrelationships has not previously been studied. Method: Dissociative symptomatology and self-reported history of abusive experiences, physical and sexual, were retrospectively studied in a sample of Australian eating disordered patients using a self-report measure, the Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q). Results: As hypothesised, dissociative symptoms were particularly frequent in those who reported child and adult sexual abuse and in those who self-mutilated. A correlation between multiple forms of abuse and higher dissociation scores was only partially upheld. Conclusions: Interrelationships between victimisation and dissociation are discussed within the context of current knowledge in the field, and brief suggestions for therapeutic strategies are offered.

Characteristics of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Psychopathology in Female Psychiatric Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Pettigrew ◽  
Joyce Burcham
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Severe Psychopathology ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: The present study investigated the relationship of characteristics of childhood sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology. Method: Referrals to a female psychiatrist in private practice in an urban working class area provided 73 adult female subjects who reported having been sexually abused in childhood. Data were collected on age at onset, duration, physical invasiveness of the abuse, violence, and the number and relationship of abusers. Results: Having had multiple abusers in childhood was significantly (p < 0.01) associated with every outcome measure of severe psychopathology: an initial Global Assessment Functioning score of 50 or below; both single and repeated incidents of deliberate self-harm; overdose; self-mutilation; and psychiatric hospital admission. Conclusions: Notably, having had multiple abusers was the only characteristic showing a reliable independent association with any of these measures. Subjects who had had multiple abusers were significantly more likely to have an earlier age of onset and longer duration of abuse, and to have experienced violent abuse.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depression: perceived social support as a potential protective factor

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e013228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Von Cheong ◽  
Carol Sinnott ◽  
Darren Dahly ◽  
Patricia M Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depressive symptoms; and to explore whether perceived social support (PSS) moderates these.MethodWe analysed baseline data from the Mitchelstown (Ireland) 2010–2011 cohort of 2047 men and women aged 50–69 years. Self-reported measures included ACEs (Centre for Disease Control ACE questionnaire), PSS (Oslo Social Support Scale) and depressive symptoms (CES-D). The primary exposure was self-report of at least one ACE. We also investigated the effects of ACE exposure by ACE scores and ACE subtypes abuse, neglect and household dysfunction. Associations between each of these exposures and depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic factors. We tested whether the estimated associations varied across levels of PSS (poor, moderate and strong).Results23.7% of participants reported at least one ACE (95% CI 21.9% to 25.6%). ACE exposures (overall, subtype or ACE scores) were associated with a higher odds of depressive symptoms, but only among individuals with poor PSS. Exposure to any ACE (vs none) was associated with almost three times the odds of depressive symptoms (adjusted OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.64 to 4.95) among individuals reporting poor PSS, while among those reporting moderate and strong PSS, the adjusted ORs were 2.21 (95% CI 1.52 to 3.22) and 1.39 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.29), respectively. This pattern of results was similar when exposures were based on ACE subtype and ACE scores, though the interaction was clearly strongest among those reporting abuse.ConclusionsACEs are common among older adults in Ireland and are associated with higher odds of later-life depressive symptoms, particularly among those with poor PSS. Interventions that enhance social support, or possibly perceptions of social support, may help reduce the burden of depression in older populations with ACE exposure, particularly in those reporting abuse.

Patients’ Self-Report as Predictor of Self-Harm and Violence in an Acute Psychiatric Unit. A Prospective Naturalistic Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
J.O. Roaldset ◽  
S. Bjørkly ◽  
K.G. Gøtestam
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Acute Psychiatric Ward

The risk of self-harm and violent behaviour by psychiatric patients is an important clinical research topic. However, a literature search on measurement of patients’ structured self-reported assessment of future risk of violent, suicidal or self mutilating behaviour failed to disclose any published empirical research. In the acute psychiatric ward at Ålesund Hospital in Norway we conducted a study of risk assessment of self harm and violent behaviour at admittance and at discharge, followed by prospective measurement of occurred episodes.All admitted patients during one year (489 persons with 716 stays) were included. At admittance and at discharge the Violence Risk Screening-10 (V-RISK-10), items taping suicidal thoughts and behaviour, and patients’ structured self-reported risk of self-harm and violent behaviour (583 self-reports) were scored (six items: no risk-, little-, moderate-, high-, very high risk, don't know the risk, will not answer). The patients were asked to give a blood sample to measure lipids and serotonin. Incidents of aggressive behaviour (against others and self-directed) were monitored during hospital stay (phase 1) and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after discharge (phase 2).Preliminary results pertaining to the relationship between the patients’ predictions of self-harm and violent behaviour and occurred episodes during the subsequent hospital stay (phase 1) and the first three months after discharge (phase 2), indicate that the predictive validity of patients’ self-report was highly significant both for violent behaviour, suicidal behaviour and self mutilation in phase 1 and phase 2. Effect sizes ranged from moderate to high.

Sexual Abuse in Patients with Eating Disorder, Patients with Depression, and Normal Controls

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Vize ◽  
Peter J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of

BackgroundA history of sexual abuse has been widely reported in patients with eating disorders. However, the association does not appear to be specific, because a high rate of such abuse has also been found in other psychiatric patients.MethodA standardised interview method was used to elicit details of sexual abuse in a psychiatrically normal control group and samples of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or depression.ResultsAn equally high rate of abuse was found in all three clinical samples. Among the patients with anorexia nervosa the presence of bulimic episodes was not found to be associated with reports of abuse; and among the patients with bulimia nervosa there was no relationship between abuse and a history of anorexia nervosa. Among the patients with eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, assessed by means of self-report questionnaire, was not found to be related to reports of abuse, although there was an association between abuse and both indices of impulsive behaviour and the overall level of personality disturbance.ConclusionsChildhood sexual abuse appears to be a vulnerability factor for psychiatric disorder in general and not eating disorders in particular. The way in which abuse interacts with other aetiological factors to produce different psychopathological trajectories remains to be elucidated.

Adverse Childhood Experiences: Are They Associated With Greater Risk of Elder Abuse Victimization?

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Mengtong Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Original Family

Though a growing number of studies have examined the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative later-life health outcomes, the effects of these early life-course factors on elder abuse victimization have yet to be fully investigated. Using a life-course perspective, this study examines the associations between ACEs and elder abuse victimization. We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Beijing, China. A total of 1,002 older adults were included in this study. Retrospective self-report items were used to measure ACEs and elder abuse victimization in later life. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations between ACEs and elder abuse victimization. Five types of ACEs (i.e., socio-economic difficulty of the original family, parental divorce, frequent quarrels between parents, frequent physical punishment by parents, and starvation) were associated with a higher risk of elder abuse victimization. After controlling for participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and adding these five types of ACEs simultaneously in the multivariate regression model, the poor socio-economic status of the original family (OR = 1.759, p < .05) and suffering frequent physical punishment inflicted by parents (OR = 2.288, p < .05) were found to be significantly associated with elder abuse victimization. To have multiple (at least 4) ACEs is a risk factor for elder abuse victimization as well (OR = 3.06, p < .001). This study provides evidence for ACEs as risk factors for elder abuse victimization. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening our understanding of the impacts of ACEs in both research and practice.

scholarly journals Depersonalisation disorder: clinical features of 204 cases

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Baker ◽  
Elaine Hunter ◽  
Emma Lawrence ◽  
Nicholas Medford ◽  
Maxine Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Past History ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Dissociative Amnesia ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State Examination

BackgroundDepersonalisation disorder is a poorly understood and underresearched syndrome.AimsTo carry out a large and comprehensive clinical and psychopathological survey of a series of patients who made contact with a research clinic.MethodA total of 204 consecutive eligible referrals were included: 124 had a full psychiatric examination using items of the Present State Examination to define depersonalisation/derealisation and 80 had either a telephone interview (n=22) or filled out a number of self-report questionnaires. Cases assessed were diagnosed according to DSM–IV criteria.ResultsThe mean age of onset was 22.8 years; early onset was associated with greater severity There was a slight male preponderance. The disorder tended to be chronic and persistent. Seventy-one per cent met DSM–IV criteria for primary depersonalisation disorder. Depersonalisation symptom scores correlated with both anxiety and depression and a past history of these disorders was commonly reported. ‘Dissociative amnesia’ was not prominent.ConclusionsDepersonalisation disorder is a recognisable clinical entity but appears to have significant comorbidity with anxiety and depression. Research into its aetiology and treatment is warranted.

scholarly journals Comparison between Adolescents and Adults Respecting Suicidal Behavior: A Native Local Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Saeed Shafti
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Self Mutilation

Introduction: while some of scholars believe that combining adult and adolescent suicidal behavior findings can result in misleading conclusions, some of researchers have stated that suicidal behavior may be a different phenomenon in adolescents than in adults. Hence, in the present study, the clinical profile of suicidal behavior among adult and child & adolescent psychiatric inpatients, has been compared with each other, to assess their resemblances or variances, in a non-western, local patient population. Methods: five acute academic wards, which have been specified for admission of first episode adult psychiatric patients, and five acute non-academic wards, which have been specified for admission of recurrent episode adult psychiatric patients, had been selected for current study. In addition, child & adolescent section of Razi psychiatric hospital was the field of appraisal concerning its specific age-group. All inpatients with suicidal behavior (successful suicide and attempted suicide, in total), during the last five years (2013-2018), had been included in the present investigation. Besides, clinical diagnosis was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Intra-group and between-group analyses had been performed by ‘comparison of proportions’. Statistical significance as well, had been defined as p value ≤0.05. Results: As said by results, during a sixty months period, sixty-three suicidal behaviors among adult patients, including one successful suicide and sixty-two suicide attempts, and fourteen suicide attempts among child & adolescent patients, without any successful one, had been recorded by the security board of the hospital. While among adults and child & adolescent patients no significant gender-based difference was evident, with respect to suicidal conduct, among adults, the most frequent mental illness was bipolar I disorder, which was significantly more prevalent in comparison with other mental disorders. The other disorders included schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, personality disorders (borderline & antisocial), substance abuse disorders, and adjustment disorder. Among child & adolescent subjects, the most frequent mental illness was, once more, bipolar I disorder, followed by conduct disorder, and substance abuse disorder. Moreover, no significant difference was evident between the first admission and recurrent admission cases in adults or child & adolescents. While self-mutilation, self poisoning and hanging were the preferred methods of suicide among both groups, self-mutilation was significantly more prevalent than the other ways. Conclusion: While the annual incidence of suicidal behavior in inpatient adults and child & adolescents was comparable, bipolar disorder was the most frequent serious mental illness among suicidal subjects of both groups. Moreover, self-mutilation was the preferred method of suicide in adult and child & adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

scholarly journals Adolescent Behavioral Characteristics Mediate Familial Effects on Alcohol Use and Problems in College-bound Students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
April L. Brown ◽  
Roberto A. Espana ◽  
Chelsie Benca-Bachman ◽  
Justine W. Welsh ◽  
Rohan Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
History Of

Background: Alcohol use and problems are complex behaviours influenced by individual characteristics, such as temperament, mood. Studies suggest a broad spectrum of behaviours associated with drinking, which makes it unclear whether patterns of familial risk for drinking are directly or indirectly related to patterns of alcohol use and problems in late adolescence. Objectives: We examined direct and indirect effects of perceived family history of psychopathology on pre-collegiate alcohol use and problems via the Transmissible Liability Index (TLI).Methods: Participants (N=302; 29.6% male) provided self-report data on age of onset of drinking, past 90-day alcohol use and problems, family history of internalizing and alcohol and illicit substance use, and TLI. Results: Approximately 21% of participants reported having at least one relative with a history of regular and/or problematic alcohol use, compared to 12% for illicit substance use, and ~55% for internalizing problems. Higher TLI scores were associated with increased family history of substance use, alcohol use, and internalizing problems, as well as earlier age of onset of drinking. Family history of internalizing problems was the most robust indicator of AUP (β = 0.20 [95% CI = 0.04 - 0.36], p = 0.01). Path analyses suggested that the individual-level behaviours that comprise TLI mediate the effects of family history on age of initiation and regular alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Family history of internalizing, drinking, and illicit substance use reflect generalized risk for a broad set of behaviours associated with risk for alcohol initiation and use during the transition from high school to college.

Intentional Self Burning by Psychiatric Patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine O'Sullivan ◽  
Michael J Kelleher
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Suicide Behaviour ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Immolation

AbstractSuicide and attempted suicide are common phenomena amongst psychiatric inpatients and outpatients. Self-immolation or self-incineration are dramatic attention seeking events which may have religious or political significance. Deliberate self burning which incorporate these may also encapsulate elements of attention seeking, parasuicidal and suicide behaviour. The present study shows that psychiatric inpatients who choose to injure themselves by self burning are a seriously disturbed group whose intention is largely suicidal and who have a previous history of attempted suicide. They tend to be female, single, suffering from either schizophrenia or personality disorder in contrast to the majority of people who take their lives by other methods who tend to suffer from depression, alcoholism or both.

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