scholarly journals Comparison between Adolescents and Adults Respecting Suicidal Behavior: A Native Local Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Saeed Shafti
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Self Mutilation

Introduction: while some of scholars believe that combining adult and adolescent suicidal behavior findings can result in misleading conclusions, some of researchers have stated that suicidal behavior may be a different phenomenon in adolescents than in adults. Hence, in the present study, the clinical profile of suicidal behavior among adult and child & adolescent psychiatric inpatients, has been compared with each other, to assess their resemblances or variances, in a non-western, local patient population. Methods: five acute academic wards, which have been specified for admission of first episode adult psychiatric patients, and five acute non-academic wards, which have been specified for admission of recurrent episode adult psychiatric patients, had been selected for current study. In addition, child & adolescent section of Razi psychiatric hospital was the field of appraisal concerning its specific age-group. All inpatients with suicidal behavior (successful suicide and attempted suicide, in total), during the last five years (2013-2018), had been included in the present investigation. Besides, clinical diagnosis was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Intra-group and between-group analyses had been performed by ‘comparison of proportions’. Statistical significance as well, had been defined as p value ≤0.05. Results: As said by results, during a sixty months period, sixty-three suicidal behaviors among adult patients, including one successful suicide and sixty-two suicide attempts, and fourteen suicide attempts among child & adolescent patients, without any successful one, had been recorded by the security board of the hospital. While among adults and child & adolescent patients no significant gender-based difference was evident, with respect to suicidal conduct, among adults, the most frequent mental illness was bipolar I disorder, which was significantly more prevalent in comparison with other mental disorders. The other disorders included schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, personality disorders (borderline & antisocial), substance abuse disorders, and adjustment disorder. Among child & adolescent subjects, the most frequent mental illness was, once more, bipolar I disorder, followed by conduct disorder, and substance abuse disorder. Moreover, no significant difference was evident between the first admission and recurrent admission cases in adults or child & adolescents. While self-mutilation, self poisoning and hanging were the preferred methods of suicide among both groups, self-mutilation was significantly more prevalent than the other ways. Conclusion: While the annual incidence of suicidal behavior in inpatient adults and child & adolescents was comparable, bipolar disorder was the most frequent serious mental illness among suicidal subjects of both groups. Moreover, self-mutilation was the preferred method of suicide in adult and child & adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

Emotion Modulation in Psychiatric Patients Through Music

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gebhardt ◽  
Markus Kunkel ◽  
Richard von Georgi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Applied Music ◽  
Cognitive Problem ◽  
Psychiatric Population ◽  
Degree Of Severity

This study explores differences in the use of music in everyday life among diagnostic groups of a psychiatric population (n = 180) in reference to a group of healthy subjects (n = 430). The results indicate that patients with mental disorders use music more for emotion modulation than healthy controls. In particular, patients with substance abuse and those with personality disorders used music mainly for cognitive problem solving and the reduction of negative activation, whereas patients with substance abuse in addition used music not often to stimulate themselves positively. Patients suffering from schizophrenia and personality disorders more often applied music for relaxation than the subjects of the reference group. Furthermore, the degree of severity of the psychiatric disorder correlated with the increased use of music for emotion modulation, i.e., for relaxation and cognitive problem solving. Thus, the results demonstrate an increased use of music for emotion modulation in patients with mental disorders in association with the severity of the disorder.

scholarly journals Moral Treatment: Philippe Pinel

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Sushma. C ◽  
Dr. Meghamala. S. Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Demonic Possession ◽  
Moral Treatment ◽  
Modern Psychiatry ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Philippe Pinel a pioneer, a french psychiatrist, a physician, known as father of modern psychiatry, revolutions psychiatric care of patients with mental illness by introducing concept of moral treatment. Pinel rejected the then prevailing popular notion that mental illness was caused by demonic possession and stated that mental disorders could be caused by a variety of factors including psychological or social stress, congenital conditions, or physiological injury, psychological damage, or heredity. Philippe Pinel for the first time in history of psychiatric patients treated them humanly by unchaining patients known as madmen. This historic event was done for first time in Bicêtre Hospital in 1798 a Parisian insane asylum. In this article a brief history of life and work of pioneer Philippe Pinel is mentioned.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicide Attempts among Psychiatric Patients in Korea: A Retrospective Chart Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-330
Author(s):  
Yubeen Bae ◽  
Yoanna Seong ◽  
Seok Hyeon Kim ◽  
Sojung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Medical Chart Review ◽  
Self Injury

Objective Limited data exist on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts among psychiatric patients in Korea. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of patients who engaged in NSSI and/or suicide attempts.Methods We performed a retrospective medical chart review of patients with NSSI and/or suicide attempts at the psychiatric department of a university medical center in Seoul between 2017 and 2019. According to their history, patients were allocated to one of three groups: NSSI only, suicide attempts only and NSSI and suicide attempts group. Groups were compared based on sociodemographic characteristics and psychological assessments.Results Overall, 80 patients with NSSI and/or suicide attempts were evaluated. Patients with NSSI and suicide attempts were more likely to be female than the other two groups. Patients with NSSI and suicide attempts were more likely to suffer from Cluster B personality disorder than the other groups. And patients with NSSI and suicide attempts scored significantly higher on novelty-seeking in TCI and RC8, RC9 in MMPI-2.Conclusion Patients with NSSI and/or suicide attempts were more likely to be female, younger, and showed higher levels of psychological disturbances. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and intervention for patients with NSSI.

scholarly journals Traditional faith healers as referral sources: A hospital-based descriptive study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
D.K. Thapa ◽  
N. Lamichhane ◽  
S. Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Faith Healer ◽  
Common Notion

Introduction: Mental illnesses are commonly linked with a higher disability and burden of disease than many physical illnesses. But despite that fact, it is a general observation that a majority of patients with mental disorder never seek professional help. To elaborate further, the widely prevalent magico-religious beliefs associated with mental illness and lower literacy, poses significant social obstacles in seeking appropriate health care for psychiatric patients. In general, mental illness is seen as related to life stresses, social or family conflicts and evil spirits and the concept of biological causes of mental illness is rare even among the educated. The idea that illness and death are due to malevolent spirits is common notion that is shared practically by all level of society from the so-called primitive to modern industrialized societies, thus indicating the strong influences of cultural background. When there is a magico- religious concepts of disease causation, there is tendency to consult indigenous healers. Therefore, the patients with mental illness often either visit or are taken to faith healers by their relatives. The objective of the study was to determine the various psychiatric cases that were referred by the traditional faith healers to the authors. Material and Method: This is a cross- sectional, hospital- based descriptive study, conducted at the Psychiatric outpatient department of Pokhara Om Hospital, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal for the period of one year, from June 2016 to May 2017. The total of 35 cases, referred by the traditional faith healers was included in the study. Subjects of any age, any gender, any literacy level, any caste, from any locality and religious background were included in the study after their consent. Subjects who refused to consent were not included in the study. The psychiatric diagnosis was based on the complete history and examination and ICD- 10 DRC criteria. Results: Though the sample size is small, it is interesting to note that patients with various kinds of mental disorders were referred by traditional faith healers. There were patients suffering from neurotic disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, seizure, substance use disorder, intellectual disability etc seeking the treatment from traditional faith healers. Among the cases referred, predominantly were female and neurotic cases. Most patients were educated. Conclusion: The study shows that patients with various mental disorders visit traditional faith healer. This area surely requires further in-depth look as traditional faith healers can be an important source of referral of psychiatric patients.

Physical disorders associated with mental illness. A register investigation

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Fink
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Illness Behaviour ◽  
Chronic Physical Illness ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
High Utilization ◽  
Psychiatric Department

SynopsisOn the basis of nationwide patient register data the diagnostic pattern of the medical admissions of a general population (17–49 year-olds; N = 30427) during an 8-year period was studied by comparing those individuals who had been admitted to the psychiatric department (i.e. psychiatric patients) with those individuals who had not. The results suggest that the high utilization of medical admissions by psychiatric patients could not be explained simply by coincident chronic physical illness or particular types of physical disease including the somatic complications of mental disorders. It is more likely to be attributable to other factors such as an increased general susceptibility to physical illness, different forms of illness behaviour, and the process of somatization.

Studies of Body Image III: Body Feelings as Measured by the Semantic Differential

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Plutchik ◽  
Hope Conte ◽  
Marcella Bakur-Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Body Image ◽  
University Students ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Per Se

A semantic differential questionnaire was designed to assess the connotative meanings of the word “head” as an important aspect of body image. The questionnaire was completed by 203 individuals representing varied groups ranging from geriatric patients to university students. The “head” was described in terms of various words representing the evaluative, potency, and activity dimensions. Non-psychiatric patients in a Home and Hospital for the Aged, the oldest group, and university students described the “head” as good, happy, pleasurable, and active more frequently than did the other groups. Geriatric psychiatric patients and middle-aged schizophrenics scored consistently low an all three dimensions, suggesting that they perceived the “head” as bad, passive, and inactive. These results imply that increasing age per se is less disruptive to body image than is mental illness.

scholarly journals Do risk factors for suicidal behavior differ by affective disorder polarity?

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Fiedorowicz ◽  
A. C. Leon ◽  
M. B. Keller ◽  
D. A. Solomon ◽  
J. P. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death and has been strongly associated with affective disorders. The influence of affective disorder polarity on subsequent suicide attempts or completions and any differential effect of suicide risk factors by polarity were assessed in a prospective cohort.MethodParticipants with major affective disorders in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative Depression Study (CDS) were followed prospectively for up to 25 years. A total of 909 participants meeting prospective diagnostic criteria for major depressive and bipolar disorders were followed through 4204 mood cycles. Suicidal behavior was defined as suicide attempts or completions. Mixed-effects, grouped-time survival analysis assessed risk of suicidal behavior and differential effects of risk factors for suicidal behavior by polarity. In addition to polarity, the main effects of age, gender, hopelessness, married status, prior suicide attempts and active substance abuse were modeled, with mood cycle as the unit of analysis.ResultsAfter controlling for age of onset, there were no differences in prior suicide attempts by polarity although bipolar participants had more prior severe attempts. During follow-up, 40 cycles ended in suicide and 384 cycles contained at least one suicide attempt. Age, hopelessness and active substance abuse but not polarity predicted suicidal behavior. The effects of risk factors did not differ by polarity.ConclusionsBipolarity does not independently influence risk of suicidal behavior or alter the influence of well-established suicide risk factors within affective disorders. Suicide risk assessment strategies may continue to appraise these common risk factors without regard to mood polarity.

scholarly journals Study of the Santal-Psychiatric Patients and their Belief Towards Mental Illness

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
AA Mamun Hussain ◽  
Shahana Qais ◽  
MMR Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
General Medical Condition ◽  
Major Mental Disorder

This study aims at finding the presence of psychiatric illness of the santals, an ethnic minorities of the northern part of Bangladesh and their belief towards mental illness. Among the 77 patients, 39 (50.64%) were male and 38 (49.35%) were female. The majority of the respondents were in between the age of 16-35 years. Most (80%) believed that possession by Bonga/Kali caused the illness. In the present study, 45 (59.74%) had major mental disorder, 18 (23.37%) had minor mental disorders and 13 (16.88%) had psychotic disorder due to general medical condition (viz. Epilepsy). Observations suggest that change of awareness and perception regarding mental disorder, should be a high priority, as right mental health is one of the key component of total delivery of health care.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 76-81

Suicidality in Hospitalized Patients with a Primary Diagnosis of Personality Disorder

Crisis ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Ahrens ◽  
Joachim Haug
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Suicidal Patients ◽  
High Degree

In this investigation the frequency and clinical importance of suicidal behavior in patients with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder was studied. The sample was drawn from a group of over 8000 psychiatric inpatients admitted to a university psychiatric hospital. Only patients with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder were included. In the subgroup of 226 patients with this diagnosis, it was found that the rate of suicidality was almost as great as that of patients with a primary diagnosis of major affective disorder (39% as opposed to 41%), despite the absence in all but 3% of these patients of an additional diagnosis of affective disorder. Further, this figure was considerably higher than that for all psychiatric inpatients (24%). Suicidal patients had more suicide attempts in their history and had a more serious depressive syndrome, despite the fact that only 3% fulfilled the criteria for major affective disorder. The conclusion which can be drawn is that a high degree of suicidality should not be regarded as exclusively linked to a primary diagnosis of major affective disorder.

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