Sorption and desorption characteristics of sulfamethazine in three different soils before and after removal of organic matter

Oily sewage is one of the wastes produced in the oil industry production process and its quantity has been increasing year by year, which influences the environment and human health severely. Electric flocculation method is one of the wide application electrochemical treatment technologies for the oily wastewater treatment at home and abroad, which has higher efficiency than other technologies at the aspect of the organic pollutants degradation. A simulative experiment device dealing with heavy oil sewage by the electric flocculation method has been designed in this paper. The mechanism of the electric flocculation method in removing organic matter of the heavy oil sewage by analyzing the change of the composition and content of the organic matter in water samples before and after the process of the electric flocculation has been studied. Research results show: the carbon/tin dioxide electrode is better than the carbon/ ruthenium dioxide electrode in removing organic matter; most alkanes matters in the oily wastewater have been removed in the dispersing oil form by the electric flocculation; as the current density increases, the types and quantity of the response organic matter can be improved while types of the new synthetic organics increase. At the same time, this paper provides a theory support in specific optimization of the electricity flocculation flotation in oily wastewater treatment technology and process.

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EVALUATION OF THREE SURFACE FRICTION TECHNIQUES FOR THE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-0707201500003690014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 1061-1070 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcelo Alessandro Rigotti ◽

Adriano Menis Ferreira ◽

Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira ◽

Margarete Teresa Gottardo de Almeida ◽

Odanir Garcia Guerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Adenosine Triphosphate ◽

Organic Material ◽

Surface Friction ◽

Disinfection Process ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

The One ◽

Cleaning And Disinfection

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of three surface friction techniques for the removal of organic material. A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study was developed to evaluate the presence or not of organic material before and after the cleaning and disinfection process of surfaces of bedside tables of patients hospitalized at an Intensive Care Unit. Three friction techniques were executed in the one-way, two-way and centrifugal sense, individually, three times on each table, during alternate weeks. For each patient unit and friction technique, a single table and three sides of cloth were used, moistened with 70% (w/v) alcohol. The organic matter was detected through the presence of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence, using 3M(tm) Clean-Trace(tm) ATP Systems. For each technique, 13 samples were collected before and 13 after the cleaning/disinfection process, totaling 78 samples of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence. No statistically significant difference was found among the removal techniques of organic matter. This study demonstrated that none of the three surface friction methods was better than the other to remove organic matter. Nevertheless, further research is needed in which other cleaning/disinfection indicators and surfaces are considered.

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Impact of treated sewage on meiobenthic nematodes: a case study from the Tunisian Refining Industries Company

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.246116 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

Author(s):

A. Hedfi ◽

M. Ben Ali ◽

A. Noureldeen ◽

H. Darwish ◽

T. Saif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

The Other ◽

Treated Sewage ◽

Before And After ◽

Bizerte Bay ◽

De Man ◽

The Impact

Abstract The main objective of the current study was to assess the impact of the water taken from the ‘Tunisian Refining Industries Company’ on meiobenthic nematodes, before and after a series of treatments in decantation basins followed by its discharge in Bizerte bay, Tunisia. The comparison of environmental parameters of the two types of water was clearly indicative of an improvement in the quality of treated waters after a significant reduction in their loads in hydrocarbons. Overall, the water retained a good quality after being treated by ‘Tunisian Refining Industries Company’ before discharge in the sea. At the end of the experiment, differential responses were observed according to the richness of sediment in organic matter and hydrocarbons. Thus, it was apparent that the nematode assemblage exposed to the treated waters was closer to controls and associated to higher values of abundance, than that under untreated ones. It was also assumed that the species Microlaimus honestus De Man, 1922, Paramonohystera proteus Wieser, 1956 and Cyartonema germanicum Juario, 1972 are sensitive bioindicators of bad environmental statues and of hydrocarbon presence in the environment. On the other hand, Metoncholaimus pristiurus (Zur Strassen, 1894) Filipjev, 1918 would rather be classified as a positive bioindicative species of this type of pollutants.

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The effects of cultivation on the composition of organic-matter and structural stability of soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9950975 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 975 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

A Golchin ◽

P Clarke ◽

JM Oades ◽

JO Skjemstad

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Dispersible Clay ◽

Different Soils

Soil samples were obtained from the surface horizons of five untilled sites and adjacent sites under short- and long-term cultivation. The soil samples were fractionated based on density and organic materials were concentrated in various fractions which enabled comparative chemical composition of the organic materials in cultivated and uncultivated sites by solid-state C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. Changes in the nature of organic carbon with cultivation were different in different soils and resulted from variations in the chemistry of carbon inputs to the soils and a greater extent of decomposition of organic materials in cultivated soils. Differences in the chemical composition of organic carbon between cultivated and uncultivated soils resided mostly in organic materials occluded within aggregates, whereas the chemistry of organic matter associated with clay particles showed only small changes. The results indicate a faster decomposition of O-alkyl C in the cultivated soils. Wet aggregate stability, mechanically dispersible clay and modulus of rupture tests were used to assess the effects of cultivation on structural stability of soils. In four of five soils, the virgin sites and sites which had been under long-term pasture had a greater aggregate stability than the cultivated sites. Neither total organic matter nor total O-alkyl C content was closely correlated with aggregate stability, suggesting that only a part of soil carbon or carbohydrate is involved in aggregate stability. The fractions of carbon and O-alkyl C present in the form of particulate organic matter occluded within aggregates were better correlated with aggregate stability (r = 0.86** and 0.88**, respectively). Cultivation was not the dominant factor influencing water-dispersible clay across the range of soil types used in this study. The amount of dispersible clay was a function of total clay content and the percentage of clay dispersed was controlled by factors such as clay mineralogy, CaCO3 and organic matter content of soils. The tendency of different soils for hard-setting and crusting, as a result of structural collapse, was reflected in the modulus of rupture (MOR). The cultivated sites had significantly higher MOR than their non-tilled counterparts. The soils studied had different MOR due to differences in their physical and chemical properties.

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Adsorption characteristics of tetracycline by two soils: assessing role of soil organic matter

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr08112 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 286 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Yanyu Bao ◽

Qixing Zhou ◽

Yingying Wang

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Equilibrium Concentration ◽

Red Soil ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Equilibrium Time ◽

Adsorption Characteristics ◽

Hydrous Oxides ◽

Cinnamon Soil ◽

Different Soils

The adsorption characteristics of tetracycline by 2 soils including a clay-rich soil (cinnamon soil) and an iron oxide-rich soil (red soil) were investigated as a function of soil organic matter (SOM). SOM is the main adsorbent for tetracycline in the soil environment. The results indicated that the adsorption kinetics of tetracycline by the different soils with or without organic matter was described by the Elovich equation and the exponent equation. The adsorption of tetracycline on red soil was quite rapid and equilibrium could be reached after 5 h. In contrast, the concentration of tetracycline in cinnamon soil reached equilibrium after 11 h. The difference in equilibrium time in cinnamon soil and red soil was caused by their dominant components for adsorption, including clays, organic matter, and Al/Fe hydrous oxides. It took longer for the penetration of tetracycline into the interlayers between clays and organic matter in cinnamon soil, but tetracycline needed less time for adsorption through surface complexation on oxide surfaces of red soil. Removing SOM from soil markedly shortened the equilibrium time (7 h) of adsorption and reduced the equilibrium concentration (Cs) in cinnamon soil, but not in red soil, because of different dominant components for adsorption in the 2 natural soils. In natural and SOM-free soils, >98% of tetracycline in solution could be sorbed. The adsorption of tetracycline on natural and SOM-free soils was well described by Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of tetracycline on natural red soil was stronger than that on natural cinnamon soil. Adsorption capacity (KF) decreased with an increase in SOM removed from soil, which is attributed to the effect of tetracycline sorbed by SOM in different soils. However, SOM affected the adsorption intensity (n) of different soils diversely; there was a decrease for red soil and an increase for cinnamon soil. In particular, red soil with high Al/Fe hydrous oxides had higher adsorption affinities than cinnamon soil.

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Factors controlling the partitioning of pyrene to dissolved organic matter extracted from different soils

European Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00678.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 299-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

B. Marschner ◽

R. Winkler ◽

D. JÖdemann

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dissolved Organic Matter ◽

Different Soils

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Effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility and consumption time of diet for equines

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9844 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

F.C.D. Araújo ◽

M.G. Cruz ◽

J.C.C. Balieiro ◽

M.L. Menezes ◽

C.G. Moreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Dietary Nutrients ◽

Before And After

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility of diet for horses, consumption time, and particle size of feces. Nine horses were used, aged 14.5±3.3 years and weightng 531±38.7kg. The diet consisted of 1.5% of live weight (LW) in Tifton 85 hay and 0.75% of LW in concentrate for both assays. The experiment consisted of two tests of apparent digestibility using the method of total collection, before and after the odontoplasty, where the consumption time of hay and concentrate was also evaluated and the particle size of the feces was analyzed. An effect (P<0.05) of odontoplasty on the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed. Effect of the consumption time for the concentrate (P<0.05) was observed, but not for the forage (P<0.05). There was more retention (P<0.05) of the fecal particles in the sieves of bigger granulometry. The odontoplasty increases the digestibility of dietary nutrients and feces particle size, without changing feces quality. Animals after the procedure have shorter concentrate consumption time.

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Understanding preservation and identification biases of ancient adhesives through experimentation

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s12520-020-01179-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Paul R. B. Kozowyk ◽

Annelou L. van Gijn ◽

Geeske H. J. Langejans

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Technological Development ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Past ◽

Elapsed Time ◽

Research Bias ◽

Before And After ◽

Adhesive Materials ◽

Different Soils ◽

Taphonomic Processes

Abstract Adhesive production is one of the earliest forms of transformative technology, predating ceramics and metallurgy by over 150,000 years. The study of the adhesives used by Neandertals and early modern humans currently plays a significant role in debates about human technological and cognitive evolution. Depending on the type of adhesive used, different production sequences were required. These can vary in complexity and would have needed different knowledge, expertise, and resources to manufacture. However, our knowledge of this important technological development is severely hampered by poorly understood taphonomic processes, which affects the preservation and identification of adhesive materials and leads to a research bias. Here we present the results from a 3-year field preservation experiment. Flint flakes hafted and non-hafted with replica adhesives were left to weather naturally on and below the surface at two locations with different soils and climatic conditions. Differential preservation was recorded on a variety of natural adhesives by digitally measuring the surface area of each residue before and after the elapsed time. Residues were further assessed and photographed using metallographic optical microscopy. Results show that certain adhesives preserve to a significantly higher degree than others, while some materials may be more easily overlooked or visually misdiagnosed. We must therefore be aware of both taphonomic and identification biases when discussing ancient adhesive technology. This research provides a first look that will help us understand the disparities between which adhesives were used in the past and what we find in the archaeological record today.

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Effect Of Rhizobium Inoculant On Nodulation, Yield And Yield Traits Of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) In Four Different Soils Of Greater Rajshahi

Journal of Life and Earth Science ◽

10.3329/jles.v6i0.9720 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shahriar Zaman ◽

M Abdul Mazid ◽

Golam Kabir

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Plant Height ◽

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Yield Traits ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Number Of Seeds ◽

Different Soils

This study shows that enhancement of soil fertility along with the yield of chickpea due to nodulation by the Rhizobium is possible to some extent. Data on plant height (cm) at maturity, primary branches/plant, days to flower, pods/plant, pod dry weight/plant (g), seeds/pod, seed dry weight/pod (g), 50 seeds weight (g), nodules/plant, fresh weight of nodules/plant and dry weight of nodules/plant were considered to assess the effect of nodulation in chickpea. Soils treated with Rhizobium always showed higher values than control regarding total nitrogen and organic matter (%). Campus soil showed the highest value for organic matter (%) and N content but Cholonbil soil exhibited the highest value for number of seeds per pod. All the parameters for growth analysis yielded greater values for treated soils compared to that of the control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9720 JLES 2011 6: 45-50

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