Potential protective effects of red yeast rice in endothelial function against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Jun FENG ◽  
Zhi-Han TANG ◽  
Ying WANG ◽  
Xin-Ying TANG ◽  
Tao-Hua LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Red Yeast

scholarly journals Differential Plasma Protein Regulation and Statin Effects in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and Non-HIV-Infected Patients Utilizing a Proteomics Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris deFilippi ◽  
Mabel Toribio ◽  
Lai Ping Wong ◽  
Ruslan Sadreyev ◽  
Ida Grundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type I ◽  
Integrin Subunit ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) demonstrate increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins are being studied to prevent ASCVD in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but little is known regarding the effects of statins on a broad range of inflammatory and cardiovascular proteins in this population. Methods We used a highly specific discovery proteomic approach (Protein Extension Assay), to determine statin effects on over 350 plasma proteins in relevant ASCVD pathways among HIV and non-HIV groups. Responses to pitavastatin calcium were assessed in 89 PWH in the INTREPID trial and 46 non-HIV participants with features of central adiposity and insulin resistance. History of cardiovascular disease was exclusionary for both studies. Results Among participants with HIV, PCOLCE (enzymatic cleavage of type I procollagen) significantly increased after pitavastatin therapy and PLA2G7 (systemic marker of arterial inflammation) decreased. Among participants without HIV, integrin subunit alpha M (integrin adhesive function) and defensin alpha-1 (neutrophil function) increased after pitavastatin therapy and PLA2G7 decreased. At baseline, comparing participants with and without HIV, differentially expressed proteins included proteins involved in platelet and endothelial function and immune activation. Conclusions Pitavastatin affected proteins important to platelet and endothelial function and immune activation, and effects differed to a degree within PWH and participants without HIV.

scholarly journals Whole grains protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the most common cause of death in most Western countries. Nutrition factors contribute importantly to this high risk for ASCVD. Favourable alterations in diet can reduce six of the nine major risk factors for ASCVD, i.e. high serum LDL-cholesterol levels, high fasting serum triacylglycerol levels, low HDL-cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Wholegrain foods may be one the healthiest choices individuals can make to lower the risk for ASCVD. Epidemiological studies indicate that individuals with higher levels (in the highest quintile) of whole-grain intake have a 29% lower risk for ASCVD than individuals with lower levels (lowest quintile) of whole-grain intake. It is of interest that neither the highest levels of cereal fibre nor the highest levels of refined cereals provide appreciable protection against ASCVD. Generous intake of whole grains also provides protection from development of diabetes and obesity. Diets rich in whole-grain foods tend to decrease serum LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels as well as blood pressure while increasing serum HDL-cholesterol levels. Whole-grain intake may also favourably alter antioxidant status, serum homocysteine levels, vascular reactivity and the inflammatory state. Whole-grain components that appear to make major contributions to these protective effects are: dietary fibre; vitamins; minerals; antioxidants; phytosterols; other phytochemicals. Three servings of whole grains daily are recommended to provide these health benefits.

scholarly journals Physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in the novel diabetes subgroups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Saatmann ◽  
Oana Patricia Zaharia ◽  
Klaus Strassburger ◽  
Dominik Hans Pesta ◽  
Volker Burkart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Context Physical inactivity promotes insulin resistance and increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Recently introduced clustering based on simple clinical measures identified diabetes subgroups (clusters) with different risks of diabetes-related comorbidities and complications. Objective This study aims to determine differences in physical fitness and cardiovascular risk between diabetes subgroups and a glucose-tolerant control group (CON). We hypothesized that the severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD) subgroup associates with lower physical fitness and increased cardiovascular risk. Methods Physical fitness and cardiovascular risk of 746 participants with recent-onset diabetes (diabetes duration of <12 months, aged 18-69 years) and 74 CON of the German Diabetes Study (GDS), a prospective longitudinal cohort study, were analyzed. Main outcome measures included physical fitness (VO2max from spiroerogometry), endothelial function (flow- and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation) and cardiovascular risk scores (Framingham Risk Scores for Coronary Heart Disease (FRS-CHD) and Atherosclerotic CardioVascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score). Results VO2max was lower in SIRD than in CON, severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID) (both p<0.001) and mild age-related diabetes (MARD) (p<0.01) subgroups, but not different compared to severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD) (p=0.98) and moderate obesity-related diabetes (MOD) subgroups (p=0.07) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. Endothelial function was similar among all groups, whereas SAID had lower FRS-CHD and ASCVD than SIRD, MOD and MARD (all p<0.001). Conclusions Despite comparable endothelial function across all groups, SIRD showed the lowest physical fitness. Of note, SAID had the lowest cardiovascular risk within the first year after diabetes diagnosis compared to the other diabetes subgroups.

scholarly journals Spices and Atherosclerosis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Fen Tsui ◽  
Chin-Sheng Lin ◽  
Ling-Jun Ho ◽  
Jenn-Haung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
The World

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the vessel wall, is the main feature of cardiovascular disease. Although the amounts of fruits and vegetables present in the diets vary by country, diets, worldwide, contain large amounts of spices; this may have positive or negative effects on the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we focused on the potential protective effects of specific nutrients from spices, such as pepper, ginger, garlic, onion, cinnamon and chili, in atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms, epidemiological analysis, and clinical studies focusing on a variety of spices are covered in this review. Based on the integrated information, we aimed to raise specific recommendations for people with different dietary styles for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through dietary habit adjustments.

scholarly journals Paeonol for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Pharmacological and Mechanistic Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Zongliang Yu ◽  
Xiaoya Li ◽  
Xiaonan Zhang ◽  
Songzi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Paeonia Suffruticosa ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Natural Herb

With improvement in living standards and average life expectancy, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidences and mortality have been increasing annually. Paeonia suffruticosa, a natural herb, has been used for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for thousands of years in Eastern countries. Paeonol is an active ingredient extracted from Paeonia suffruticosa. Previous studies have extensively explored the clinical benefits of paeonol. However, comprehensive reviews on the cardiovascular protective effects of paeonol have not been conducted. The current review summarizes studies reporting on the protective effects of paeonol on the cardiovascular system. This study includes studies published in the last 10 years. The biological characteristics of Paeonia suffruticosa, pharmacological mechanisms of paeonol, and its toxicological and pharmacokinetic characteristics were explored. The findings of this study show that paeonol confers protection against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through various mechanisms, including inflammation, platelet aggregation, lipid metabolism, mitochondria damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and non-coding RNA. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the cardiovascular benefits of paeonol.

scholarly journals Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Complex Challenge with Increased Atherosclerotic Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Saba Ahmed ◽  
Benna Jacob ◽  
Steven E. Carsons ◽  
Joshua De Leon ◽  
Allison B. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
The Impact

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries significant risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Traditional ASCVD risk factors fail to account for this accelerated atherosclerosis. Shared inflammatory pathways are fundamental in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Considering the impact of RA in increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the characterization of therapies encompassing both RA and ASCVD management merit high priority. Despite little progress, several drugs discussed here promote remission and or lower rheumatoid disease activity while simultaneously conferring some level of atheroprotection. Methotrexate, a widely used disease-modifying drug used in RA, is associated with significant reduction in cardiovascular adverse events. MTX promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages, upregulates free radical scavenging and improves endothelial function. Likewise, the sulfonamide drug sulfasalazine positively impacts the lipid profile by increasing HDL-C, and its use in RA has been correlated with reduced risk of myocardial infraction. In the biologic class, inhibitors of TNF-α and IL-6 contribute to improvements in endothelial function and promote anti-atherogenic properties of HDL-C, respectively. The immunosuppressant hydroxychloroquine positively affects insulin sensitization and the lipid profile. While no individual therapy has elicited optimal atheroprotection, further investigation of combination therapies are ongoing.

scholarly journals Effects of a New Combination of Medical Food on Endothelial Function and Lipid Profile in Dyslipidemic Subjects: A Pilot Randomized Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Landi ◽  
Anna Maria Martone ◽  
Sara Salini ◽  
Beatrice Zazzara ◽  
Riccardo Calvani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Trivalent Chromium ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Monacolin K ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Citrus Bergamia

Nutritional approaches to improve dyslipidemias have been recently developed, but evidences on different medical foods are often incomplete. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the effects on endothelial function, lipid profile, and glucose metabolism of two different combinations of nutraceuticals, first one containing Bergavit (200 mg Citrus bergamia), Omega-3 (400 mg), Crominex 3+ (10 mcg trivalent chromium), and red yeast rice (100 mg; 5 mg monacolin K) and second one containing red yeast rice (200 mg; 3 mg monacolin K), Berberine (500 mg), Astaxanthin (0.5 mg), folic acid (200 mcg), Coenzyme Q10 (2 mg), and Policosanol (10 mg). Fifty subjects affected by dyslipidemia not requiring statin treatment were enrolled in this randomized, blind, controlled trial and submitted to blood sampling for lipid and glucose profiles and instrumental evaluation of endothelial function before and after 6 weeks of treatment with nutraceuticals. Both nutraceutical combinations improved the lipid profile; the nutraceutical containing 5 mg of monacolin K, 200 mg of the extract Citrus bergamia, 400 mg of Omega-3, and 10 mcg of trivalent chromium entailed a significant improvement of endothelial function with enhanced cholesterol lowering effect. In conclusion, this study confirms the positive effect of functional food on lipid profile and endothelial function in absence of major undesirable effects.

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