scholarly journals Spices and Atherosclerosis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Fen Tsui ◽  
Chin-Sheng Lin ◽  
Ling-Jun Ho ◽  
Jenn-Haung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
The World

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the vessel wall, is the main feature of cardiovascular disease. Although the amounts of fruits and vegetables present in the diets vary by country, diets, worldwide, contain large amounts of spices; this may have positive or negative effects on the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we focused on the potential protective effects of specific nutrients from spices, such as pepper, ginger, garlic, onion, cinnamon and chili, in atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms, epidemiological analysis, and clinical studies focusing on a variety of spices are covered in this review. Based on the integrated information, we aimed to raise specific recommendations for people with different dietary styles for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through dietary habit adjustments.

Abstract P116: The Impact of Diet Low in Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Disease Burden Across 195 Countries in 2015

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J Sur ◽  
Ashkan Afshin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: While cardio-protective effects of fruits and vegetables are well-established, the impact of their suboptimal intake on the CVD burden across nations and levels of development has not been evaluated. Objective: To systematically quantify the burden of CVD attributable to low intake of fruits and low intake of vegetables in 195 countries by age, sex, country, and development status in 2015. Methods: We obtained data on consumption of fruits and vegetables from nationally or subnationally representative nutrition surveys and data on their national availability from the UN FAO. Etiologic effect sizes of fruits and vegetables on CVD endpoints were obtained from meta- analyses of prospective cohort studies. The optimal level of intakes for each was determined based on the levels associated with lowest risk of mortality in prospective observational studies. A comparative risk assessment analysis was conducted to quantify the proportion of disability- adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to low intake of each. The variation of this burden was further evaluated across different levels of our newly developed socio-demographic index (SDI). Results: In 2015, low intake of fruits accounted for 57.3 (95% UI: 37.1- 78.4) million DALYs due to CVD globally (41.5% from IHD and 58.5% from stroke). Low intake of vegetable caused 44.6 (23.6- 68.8) million CVD DALYs (67.3% IHD and 32.7% stroke). The highest burden of CVD attributable to low intake of fruits and vegetables was seen in the middle and low-middle SDI quintiles (17.2 and 14.3% of total DALYs), while the lowest burden for each was seen in high and high-middle SDI quintiles (12.7 and 11.2%). At the country level, the attributable CVD burden ranged from 5.1% of total DALYs (Rwanda) to 23.2% (Bangladesh) for low intake of fruit and from 5.9% (North Korea) to 19.4% (Mongolia) for low intake of vegetable. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that population inventions to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables at population level could save millions of life years globally. Figure. Age-standardized proportion of disability-adjusted life years attributable to low intake of fruits (A) and vegetables (B) from cardiovascular disease among adults (> 25y) in 2015.

scholarly journals Whole grains protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the most common cause of death in most Western countries. Nutrition factors contribute importantly to this high risk for ASCVD. Favourable alterations in diet can reduce six of the nine major risk factors for ASCVD, i.e. high serum LDL-cholesterol levels, high fasting serum triacylglycerol levels, low HDL-cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Wholegrain foods may be one the healthiest choices individuals can make to lower the risk for ASCVD. Epidemiological studies indicate that individuals with higher levels (in the highest quintile) of whole-grain intake have a 29% lower risk for ASCVD than individuals with lower levels (lowest quintile) of whole-grain intake. It is of interest that neither the highest levels of cereal fibre nor the highest levels of refined cereals provide appreciable protection against ASCVD. Generous intake of whole grains also provides protection from development of diabetes and obesity. Diets rich in whole-grain foods tend to decrease serum LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels as well as blood pressure while increasing serum HDL-cholesterol levels. Whole-grain intake may also favourably alter antioxidant status, serum homocysteine levels, vascular reactivity and the inflammatory state. Whole-grain components that appear to make major contributions to these protective effects are: dietary fibre; vitamins; minerals; antioxidants; phytosterols; other phytochemicals. Three servings of whole grains daily are recommended to provide these health benefits.

scholarly journals Dietary Plant Polyphenols: Effects of Food Processing on Their Content and Bioavailability

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2959
Author(s):  
Leila Arfaoui
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Polyphenols ◽  
The Status ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

Dietary plant polyphenols are natural bioactive compounds that are increasingly attracting the attention of food scientists and nutritionists because of their nutraceutical properties. In fact, many studies have shown that polyphenol-rich diets have protective effects against most chronic diseases. However, these health benefits are strongly related to both polyphenol content and bioavailability, which in turn depend on their origin, food matrix, processing, digestion, and cellular metabolism. Although most fruits and vegetables are valuable sources of polyphenols, they are not usually consumed raw. Instead, they go through some processing steps, either industrially or domestically (e.g., cooling, heating, drying, fermentation, etc.), that affect their content, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability. This review summarizes the status of knowledge on the possible (positive or negative) effects of commonly used food-processing techniques on phenolic compound content and bioavailability in fruits and vegetables. These effects depend on the plant type and applied processing parameters (type, duration, media, and intensity). This review attempts to shed light on the importance of more comprehensive dietary guidelines that consider the recommendations of processing parameters to take full advantage of phenolic compounds toward healthier foods.

scholarly journals Vascular protective effect of aspirin and rivaroxaban upon endothelial denudation of the mouse carotid artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Mastenbroek ◽  
M. F. A. Karel ◽  
M. Nagy ◽  
W. Chayoua ◽  
E. I. J. Korsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Endothelial Denudation ◽  
Vascular Stiffening

Abstract While in recent trials the dual pathway inhibition with aspirin plus rivaroxaban has shown to be efficacious in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, little is known about the effects of this combination treatment on thrombus formation and vascular remodelling upon vascular damage. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of aspirin and/or rivaroxaban on injury-induced murine arterial thrombus formation in vivo and in vitro, vessel-wall remodelling, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Temporary ligation of the carotid artery of C57BL/6 mice, fed a western type diet, led to endothelial denudation and sub-occlusive thrombus formation. At the site of ligation, the vessel wall stiffened and the intima-media thickened. Aspirin treatment antagonized vascular stiffening and rivaroxaban treatment led to a positive trend towards reduced stiffening. Local intima-media thickening was antagonized by both aspirin or rivaroxaban treatment. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates and the number of platelets per leukocyte were reduced in aspirin and/or rivaroxaban treatment groups. Furthermore, rivaroxaban restricted thrombus growth and height in vitro. In sum, this study shows vascular protective effects of aspirin and rivaroxaban, upon vascular injury of the mouse artery.

scholarly journals Analisis Risiko Tekanan Darah Tinggi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falerin Melia P
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Major Risk Factor ◽  
The World

Abstract. hypertension is a condition which the blood pressure is chronically elevated, above 140/90 mmHg. In developing country, cardiovascular disease prevalence increases every year. Based on Global Health Risk 2004, hypertension was the major risk factor causes of death in the world, with 12,8% percentage total. This disease caused by interaction of the variat risk, it commonly associated with lifestyle.

scholarly journals Paeonol for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Pharmacological and Mechanistic Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Zongliang Yu ◽  
Xiaoya Li ◽  
Xiaonan Zhang ◽  
Songzi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Paeonia Suffruticosa ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Natural Herb

With improvement in living standards and average life expectancy, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidences and mortality have been increasing annually. Paeonia suffruticosa, a natural herb, has been used for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for thousands of years in Eastern countries. Paeonol is an active ingredient extracted from Paeonia suffruticosa. Previous studies have extensively explored the clinical benefits of paeonol. However, comprehensive reviews on the cardiovascular protective effects of paeonol have not been conducted. The current review summarizes studies reporting on the protective effects of paeonol on the cardiovascular system. This study includes studies published in the last 10 years. The biological characteristics of Paeonia suffruticosa, pharmacological mechanisms of paeonol, and its toxicological and pharmacokinetic characteristics were explored. The findings of this study show that paeonol confers protection against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through various mechanisms, including inflammation, platelet aggregation, lipid metabolism, mitochondria damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and non-coding RNA. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the cardiovascular benefits of paeonol.

scholarly journals Causes of Death in a Contemporary Cohort of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Insights From the TECOS Trial

Diabetes Care ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1763-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Sharma ◽  
Jennifer B. Green ◽  
Allison Dunning ◽  
Yuliya Lokhnygina ◽  
Sana M. Al-Khatib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

scholarly journals Nutrition, Thrombosis, and Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (10) ◽  
pp. 1415-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Violi ◽  
Daniele Pastori ◽  
Pasquale Pignatelli ◽  
Roberto Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects

Previous studies reported an inverse association between healthy dietary patterns (such as Mediterranean diet) and the incidence of cardiovascular events. As the mechanism accounting for cardiovascular disease is prevalently due to the atherothrombosis, where a pivotal role is played by platelet activation, it would be arguable that diets with protective effects against cardiovascular disease exert an anti-atherothrombotic effect via inhibition of platelet activation. There are several and sparse typologies of studies, which investigated if single nutrients by diets recognized as having cardiovascular protection may exert an antithrombotic effect. The most investigated nutrients are key components of the Mediterranean diets such as fruits and vegetables, fish, olive oil, and wine; other diets with protective effects include nuts and cocoa. Here we summarize experimental and human interventional studies which investigated the antithrombotic effects of such nutrients in experimental models of thrombosis or analyzed biomarkers of clotting, platelet, and fibrinolysis activation in human; furthermore in vitro studies explored the underlying mechanism at level of several cell lines such as platelets or endothelial cells. In this context, we analyzed if nutrients affect simultaneously or separately clotting, platelet, and fibrinolysis pathways giving special attention to the relationship between oxidative stress and thrombosis as most nutrients are believed to possess antioxidant properties.

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