The Neurobiology of Trust

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Cooperative Behaviors ◽  
Distinguished Group ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Area Of Study

Trust is essential for establishing and maintaining cooperative behaviors between individuals and institutions in a wide variety of social, economic, and political contexts. This book explores trust through the lens of neurobiology, focusing on empirical, methodological, and theoretical aspects. Written by a distinguished group of researchers from economics, psychology, human factors, neuroscience, and psychiatry, the chapters shed light on the neurobiological underpinnings of trust as applied in a variety of domains. Researchers and students will discover a refined understanding of trust by delving into the essential topics in this area of study outlined by leading experts.

scholarly journals Frontiers of cosmopolitanism: Educational enclaves and the extractive roots of international schools

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308275X2110596
Author(s):  
Matthieu Bolay ◽  
Jeanne Rey
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
International Schools ◽  
International School ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
International Teachers ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
School Sector ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Do So

This article situates international expatriate schools in their cultural and political economy by drawing attention to the tensions between a cosmopolitan educational ethos and processes of social, economic and legal enclavement. Based on extensive multi-sited ethnographic research in the international school sector, we show how cosmopolitan claims of openness mirror a relative closure and ‘offshore-like’ enclavement. To do so, we build upon the notions of modularity and extractivism, which we use as heuristics to analyse social and spatial practices of defining boundaries. Gazing beyond the main foundational myth of international schools, we first outline their concomitant extractive roots. Second, we shed light on the conditions of international teachers’ circulation worldwide. Third, we examine the territorial entanglements and disentanglements that characterise international schools. Finally, we investigate the tensions induced by a cosmopolitan educational ethos whose discourse of inclusion is inevitably paired with practices of exclusion.

scholarly journals Archaeology, climate, and global change in the Age of Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (15) ◽  
pp. 8250-8253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Daniel H. Sandweiss
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Human Ecodynamics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Shed Light

We live in an age characterized by increasing environmental, social, economic, and political uncertainty. Human societies face significant challenges, ranging from climate change to food security, biodiversity declines and extinction, and political instability. In response, scientists, policy makers, and the general public are seeking new interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approaches to evaluate and identify meaningful solutions to these global challenges. Underrecognized among these challenges is the disappearing record of past environmental change, which can be key to surviving the future. Historical sciences such as archaeology access the past to provide long-term perspectives on past human ecodynamics: the interaction between human social and cultural systems and climate and environment. Such studies shed light on how we arrived at the present day and help us search for sustainable trajectories toward the future. Here, we highlight contributions by archaeology—the study of the human past—to interdisciplinary research programs designed to evaluate current social and environmental challenges and contribute to solutions for the future. The past is a multimillennial experiment in human ecodynamics, and, together with our transdisciplinary colleagues, archaeology is well positioned to uncover the lessons of that experiment.

scholarly journals REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HERITAGE VILLAGES IN THE PROVINCE OF ALMANDAQ - BAHA AREA: (ALMASHAYA'A VILLAGE AS A CASE STUDY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-96
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
National Heritage

Saudi Arabia has a rich architectural heritage reflecting its historical memory dating back centuries. The variety of villages throughout the kingdom are a unique sphere for social, economic and architectural interactions. Despite the attention given to the architectural heritage by the General Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, as a national interest, there are heritage villages still suffering from multiple problems such as desertion, deterioration as a result of natural and human factors which effect massively the economic, social and architectural aspects. This study utilizes descriptive and analytical methodology to investigate the restoration and revitalization of the residential buildings in the Almashaya'a village and presents a plan for rehabilitation to preserve the buildings in an attractive and sustainable environment for activities, events and handicrafts that reveals its heritage and architectural value.

scholarly journals Entre infraestructuras y culturas. Discursos y prácticas en torno a la movilidad urbana en Andalucía

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Macarena Hernández-Ramírez ◽  
Mario Jordi Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
Shed Light

Usually, the figures and facts used to analyze cycling mobility in the urban environment, are hardly based in references to infrastructures as a factor that facilitates / hinders that mobility. Convinced of the need to consider other influential variables, we address from the CICLA project the general objective of knowing mobility in urban areas of Andalusia. More specifically we are committed to knowing which are the main social discourses and practices around the use of the bicycle, within the need to incorporate social, economic, political and cultural aspects usually separated from the analysis. Based on a qualitative methodology and a holistic approach, the results of this research shed light on some of these aspects, providing some conclusions and reflections of interest for the promotion of the bicycle as a means of transport in our cities.

The Equilibrium of Parking Violation and China’s Economic Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Hong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Simple Assumption ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The People ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Political decision makers are economic agents who try to maximize self-interests. This simple assumption helps explain China’s decision-making of reform and opening up and shed light on its contradictory political logic. Under a fully planned economy, market liberalization benefits everyone, including political decision makers. After wealth is created in the market economy, political decision-makers have incentives to take a growing share of wealth for themselves if no institutional mechanism exists to check their power. When the proportion of wealth appropriated by political decision-makers exceeds the margin where the people can afford, the market starts to suffer and the growth of wealth is derailed. At the extreme, political decision-makers takes so much wealth to push the entire social economic system to the verge of collapse. Because political decision-makers do not know where the equilibrium margin is, the above thinking has practical consequences. When political decision-makers keep expanding their take of wealth, the worst scenario may occur.

Preparing for a Postmethod Pedagogy: A Transformative Approach to Curriculum Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Arash V. Naeini ◽  
Nima Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Dynamic Learning ◽  
Individual Teacher ◽  
Transformative Process ◽  
Transformative Approach ◽  
Shed Light

The three parameters of postmethod pedagogy proposed by Kumaravadivelu (2001), particularly a pedagogy of possibility, are in line with and drew on the works of such critical pedagogists as Giroux (1988) whose idea of transformative intellectuals viewed it rightful for every individual teacher and learner to actively participate in the process of learning with their entire social, economic and political experiences; and even make reformations to the direction of pedagogy based on their understanding. However, curriculum development, as an integral part of pedagogy, may inhibit this transformative and dynamic learning by restricting teachers to set and prefabricated materials and guidelines. Nonetheless, teachers play a pivotal role in the realization of this transformative process since they are the executive recipients of curricula. This paper is an attempt to shed light on a transformative approach to curriculum development and holds, a transformative approach to curriculum development requires teachers to have a hand in curriculum development when they are invited by the curriculum to act so; and adapt or transform the curriculum when they are constrained by it.

scholarly journals THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION REVOLUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Aysha Mohammad ABD-RABO ◽  
Sherine Adnan HASHAIKEH
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Communication Flow ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Available Resources ◽  
Technology Shifts

In the context of sweeping social, economic, technological, and demographic changes, digital transformation is a series of deep and coordinated culture, workforce, and technology shifts that enable new educational and operating models and transform an institution’s operations, strategic directions. Digital transformation is a destination that is practically mandatory for most organizations. The interconnectivity that it fosters will make the communication flow between students and teachers more fluid. It also helps to improve the relationship and promotes the best use of available resources, especially in higher education. So, the researchers shed light on digital transformation, its importance and the challenges it faces, especially in higher education institutions Therefore, higher education institutions must keep pace with all these changes and take them into account if they want to develop and compete with their peers.

scholarly journals Profile of Women Entrepreneurship in Algeria

JWEE ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Boufeldja Ghiat
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Micro Enterprises

Algerian society is undergoing social, economic and cultural changes, that led to the improvement of women’s conditions and their opening on work. At the university, young women are getting to fields of studies, used to be a monopoly for men, such as mechanical engineering, agronomy, civil engineering... In spite of the environmental socio-cultural constraints and as result of unemployment crisis, young women choose the entrepreneurial jobs. Women’s entrepreneurship is a new phenomenon in Algerian society and need to be more highlighted. Within this perspective, a study was carried out and visits to 30 enterprises led by women, and interviews were carried out with them. That helped to shed light on the characteristics of women entrepreneurs in Algeria, as well as activities and profile of their enterprises. It was concluded that most women entrepreneurs are young, with university degrees. They are constraint to start their own businesses as self employed or set up micro enterprises, employing between 1 and 5 employees, mainly from their families and working informally.

scholarly journals A Tale of Two Americas: The American Dream in Cobra Kai

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 219-235
Author(s):  
Ilias Ben Mna
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nurturant Parent ◽  
Reagan Era ◽  
Shed Light

Which different conceptions of the so-called “American Dream” are still alive or gaining ground in the increasingly polarized social climate of the United States during the Trump era? I intend to shed light on this question by analyzing the different types of success ethics presented in the highly popular Netflix series Cobra Kai (2018 - present). This will include an investigation into notions of merit and masculinity and how they are intertwined in the principal conflict between the two main characters: the blue-collar Johnny Lawrence and the affluent Daniel LaRusso – both of whom operate their own respective karate schools. I will embed this conflict within a theoretical framework undergirded by Michael Sandel’s observations on contemporary definitions of “meritocracy” and the associated “rhetoric of rising.” In addition, I will lean on George Lakoff’s linguistic concepts of the “strict vs nurturant parent,” and Lauren Berlant’s notion of “cruel optimism.” In doing so, I hope to illuminate the deep-seated workings of competing philosophies on what “it takes to get ahead” in today’s United States. One of my main findings is that Lawrence’s brand of hard-bodied, Reagan-era masculinity is mutually reinforced with LaRusso’s incremental and cosmopolitan approach, thereby perpetuating polarization and antagonism. The fact that both karate teachers are keen to impart their vision on a younger generation is also indicative of how this enmity represents a battle for the “soul of America.” Given ongoing trends toward increasing social, economic, and cultural divides within the U.S., it is of great importance to examine how these developments are negotiated in popular culture. Cobra Kai offers fertile ground for addressing this question.

From Multinational to Transnational Banking

2016 ◽  
pp. 162-190
Author(s):  
Christopher Kobrak
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter traces the history of cross-border joint-stock banking over roughly the last 100 years. Putting that history into its larger political, social, economic contexts may help shed light on our financial architecture’s social and economic significance, and even its sustainability. Despite recent interest in multinationals and banking, less is known about the cross-border management of financial firms than about that of other sectors. This chapter argues that during this period cross-border banking morphed from an activity conducted primarily by legally separate entities and on a comparatively small scale to one that is dominated today by megabanks that internalize a wide range of banking services in many countries and in most money-centres. It is a complex story, involving regulatory, technological, and political change in specific nations and among them.

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