Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-10: A Brief Measure for Routine Psychotherapy Outcome and Progress Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
W. Kim Halford ◽  
Aaron D.J. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Routine Outcome Measurement ◽  
Distress Scale

Abstract Routine outcome measurement and progress monitoring is well established to enhance quality assurance in clinical psychology service delivery but is not widely used in routine care. A major barrier to more widespread implementation is the lack of public domain, brief, psychometrically sound outcome measures that easily integrate into clinical information systems. The current study assessed a brief 10-item version of the widely used Depression Anxiety Stress (DASS)-42 scale, which we called the Depression Anxiety Stress-10 (DASS-10) scale. In two clinical samples of adults (n = 1036, 445 men, 591 women; and n = 1084, 493 men, 591 women), the DASS-10 had a replicable two-level factor structure, which at the lower level had two factors assessing stress-anxiety and depression, which each loaded onto a superordinate psychological distress scale. The items in the distress score discriminated between a clinical sample (n = 376) and a community sample (n = 379) and were sensitive to clinical change. The measure has the potential to make routine outcome measurement and progress monitoring more cost-effective to implement than existing measures, particularly when integrated with practice management software to make administration, scoring, and use easy.

scholarly journals Small Signal, Big Noise: Performance of the CIDI Depression Module

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (13) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Kurdyak ◽  
William H Gnam
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Widespread Application

Objectives: With the release of data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Weil-Being (Cycle 1.2), researchers have, for the first time, information on several psychiatric disorders from a nationally representative sample of Canadians residing in households. This survey used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to identify persons with one or more psychiatric disorders. In this paper, our primary purpose was to evaluate the evidence supporting the validity of the CIDI—that is, the extent to which the depression diagnoses generated by the CIDI reflect true cases of depression. Method: We conducted a critical review of the CIDI, focusing on the depression module. Results: Reliability studies indicate that the CIDI performs reliably, as measured by interrater reliability. However, the use of different versions of the CIDI and the occasional exclusion of the Depression module from studies suggest that the reliability of the CIDI Depression module remains unconfirmed. The most critical issue in regard to the CIDI's performance is that clinical samples are used to test validity. A clinical sample has a higher prevalence of depression than a community sample. Conclusion: The results generated by the CIDI in a community setting likely will have a high false-positive rate, resulting in a falsely elevated prevalence rate. Given the widespread application of the CIDI internationally, addressing the outstanding concerns about validity with proper validation studies should become an international priority.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Reynolds Child Depression Scale in Community and Clinical Samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Figueras Masip ◽  
Juan Antonio Amador Campos ◽  
Joan Guàrdia Olmos
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Child Depression ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The factor structure of the Reynolds Child Depression Scale (RCDS; Reynolds, 1989), analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and the scale's psychometric characteristics in a sample of 315 participants (140 boys and 175 girls) and a clinical sample of 62 participants (37 boys and 25 girls) between 10 and 12 years old, are presented. Two models are tested with confirmatory factor analysis: a one-factor model and a five-factor model. Both models show a good fit, but the one-factor model was chosen because it is the most parsimonious. The reliability coefficient ranged from .87 (at test) to .89 (at retest) in the community sample, and was .90 in the clinical sample (at test). Test-retest reliability was .66 in the community sample. Concurrent validity with other self-reports that measure depressive symptomatology was high, both in the community sample (.76) and the clinical sample (.71). There were no significant sex differences but there were differences due to age (school grade).

scholarly journals The Arabic Version of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) in a Clinical Sample of United Arab Emirates (UAE) Nationals

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-806
Author(s):  
Olga Coelho ◽  
Rute Pires ◽  
Ana Sousa Ferreira ◽  
Bruno Gonçalves ◽  
Samia A. Alkhoori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
High Effect ◽  
S Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations

Objectives: We aimed to test the potential of the Arabic version of the PID-5 to distinguish between clinical and non-clinical participants, as well as to examine its convergent validity and factor structure in an Emirati clinical sample. Methods: The Arabic version of the PID-5 was administered to a clinical sample comprised of 156 participants (Mage = 31.38, SD = 8.99, 37.8% male, 62.2% female) and a community sample also comprised of 156 participants (Mage = 31.43, SD = 9.52, 37.2% male, 62.8% female). We addressed the descriptive measures, internal consistency, mean rank scores differences, convergent validity with SCL-90-R, and PID-5's factor structure. Results: As expected, the clinical sample presented statistically significantly higher scores than the non-clinical sample, with medium to high effect sizes. In addition, all the PID-5 domains showed positive correlations with most of the symptomatic constellations of the SCL-90-R as well as the PID-5 facets with all their SCL-90-R counterparts. However, our findings did not entirely replicate the PID-5 original 5-factor structure, as only a 4-factor solution was retained. Conclusions: Future studies with the Arabic PID-5 in clinical samples are needed to understand its relevance and clinical utility in Arabic countries.

scholarly journals Two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in Iranian general and clinical samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Moloodi ◽  
Abbas Pourshahbaz ◽  
Parvaneh Mohammadkhani ◽  
Ladan Fata ◽  
Ata Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Background Studies in Western cultures have shown that perfectionism is conceptualized by two-factor higher-order model including perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. However, little is known about the construct of perfectionism in Eastern societies. Thus, we examined the two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in Iranian general and clinical samples. Methods We recruited a general population sample (n = 384) and patients with major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and eating disorders (n = 152) from Tehran, Iran from September 2016 to December 2017. They completed the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire, Perfectionism Inventory, and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21. Results The two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism showed adequate fit with data for females from the general population and clinical sample. Data for males were only available from the general population, and the model showed adequate fit with the data first after removing the Rumination scale of the perfectionistic concerns. The perfectionistic strivings dimension showed no or negative association with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, but perfectionistic concerns dimension showed positive correlation with these indices in all samples for both males and females. Conclusions The results support the two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in samples of Iranian females from the general population and clinical sample. However, the results were different for males from the general population. In other words, the modified two-factor higher-order model showed acceptable fit with the data for males from the general population only after removing the Rumination scale from perfectionistic concerns. These differences among males and females were discussed.

Measurement Invariance of the Parent Version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Across Community and Clinical Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris A. M. Smits ◽  
Meinou H. C. Theunissen ◽  
Sijmen A. Reijneveld ◽  
Maaike H. Nauta ◽  
Marieke E. Timmerman
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Favorable Result ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Parent Version ◽  
Clinical Populations

Abstract. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a popular screening instrument for the detection of social-emotional and behavioral problems in children in community and clinical settings. To sensibly compare SDQ scores across these settings, the SDQ should measure psychosocial difficulties and strengths in the same way across community and clinical populations, that is, the SDQ should be measurement invariant across both populations. We examined whether measurement invariance of the parent version of the SDQ holds using data from a community sample (N = 707) and a clinical sample (N = 931). The results of our analysis suggest that measurement invariance of the SDQ parent version across community and clinical populations is tenable, implying that one can compare the SDQ scores of children across these populations. This is a favorable result since it is common clinical practice to interpret the scores of a clinical individual relative to norm scores that are based on community samples. The findings of this study support the continued use of the parent version of the SDQ in community and clinical settings.

Are Three Items Sufficient to Measure Sense of Coherence?

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Chiesi ◽  
Andrea Bonacchi ◽  
Caterina Primi ◽  
Alessandro Toccafondi ◽  
Guido Miccinesi
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Measure Sense

Abstract. The present study aimed at evaluating if the three-item sense of coherence (SOC) scale developed by Lundberg and Nystrom Peck (1995) can be effectively used for research purpose in both nonclinical and clinical samples. To provide evidence that it represents adequately the measured construct we tested its validity in a nonclinical (N = 658) and clinical sample (N = 764 patients with cancer). Results obtained in the nonclinical sample attested a positive relation of SOC – as measured by the three-item SOC scale – with Antonovsky’s 13-item and 29-item SOC scales (convergent validity), and with dispositional optimism, sense of mastery, anxiety, and depression symptoms (concurrent validity). Results obtained in the clinical sample confirmed the criterion validity of the scale attesting the positive role of SOC – as measured by the three-item SOC scale – on the person’s capacity to respond to illness and treatment. The current study provides evidence that the three-item SOC scale is a valid, low-loading, and time-saving instrument for research purposes on large sample.

Investigation of duck plague virus in hoar areas of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A Hossen ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
MZ Ali ◽  
MA Yousuf ◽  
MZ Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Duck Plague Virus ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Free Ranging

Duck plague (DP) is the most important infectious disease of geese, ducks and free-ranging water birds. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of duck plague virus followed by isolation and identification. For these purposes, a total of 155 cloacal swabs samples were collected randomly from duck of different haor areas of Bangladesh including 45 (41 surveillance and 4 clinical) samples from Netrokona; 42 (40 surveillance and 2 clinical) samples from Kishoregonj; 30 samples from Brahmanbaria and 38 samples from Sunamganj. The samples were processed and pooled (1:5 ratio) for initial screening of target polymerase gene of duck plague virus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. All the samples of a positive pool were then tested individually for identifying the individual positive samples. The result showed that out of 155 samples, 41 (26.45%) were found positive in which 17 were from Netrokona, where 15 (36.58%) were from surveillance samples and 2 (50%) were from clinical sample; 16 were from Kishoregonj, where 14 (35%) were from surveillance samples and 2 (100%) were from clinical sample; 2 (6.6%) were from Brahmanbaria and 5 (13.15%) were from Sunamganj. These positive samples were inoculated into 9-10 days embryonated duck eggs (EDE) through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route for the isolation of virus. The EDE died earlier was also chilled, and in a similar way, the CAMs were collected and again performed PCR for id entification of virus. Out of 41 PCR positive samples, 26 samples were isolated and reconfirmed by PCR. Subsequently, DPV was isolated in primary duck embryo fibroblasts cell culture and confirmed by observing cytopathic effect (CPE). Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 73-78

The Structure and Subtypes of Gambling Frequency: An Approach to Studying Associations with Different Gambling Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Huggett ◽  
Evan Winiger ◽  
Rohan Palmer ◽  
John K. Hewitt ◽  
Robin P. Corley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Gambling Behaviors ◽  
Pathways Model ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gambling Activities ◽  
Gambling Frequency

The multitude of gambling activities corresponds to heterogeneous ways of analyzing behavioral outcomes and may partially underlie the lack of replication in gambling research. The current study incorporated complementary analyses to provide an approach to investigate associations with multi-dimensional gambling data that we demonstrated in a discovery/community sample of 2,116 twins (54.86% female; Mage=24.90) and a replication/clinical sample of 619 siblings (30.37% female; Mage=28.00). Our proposed approach was twofold. First, we used confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to derive a general gambling frequency measure across eight gambling activities and to test the common liability hypothesis. Second, we conducted latent class analyses (LCAs) to derive gambling frequency subtypes and investigated their theoretical correspondence with the Pathways Model. Our study identified robust support for the common liability hypothesis of gambling, suggesting a shared mechanism for multiple gambling behaviors – including activities controversially defined as “gambling.” Using LCAs, we identified four novel gambling frequency subtypes with analogous behavioral profiles and correlates across samples and some resemblance with the Pathways Model. The subtype with the highest rates of problem gambling had a frequent appetite for particular gambling activities and demonstrated externalizing psychopathology comparable to the “antisocial impulsivist” pathway. Using co-twin control models, we determined that risk-taking, sensation seeking and antisocial personality disorder predicted gambling frequency above and beyond shared genetic and environmental factors. In sum, we illustrated the utility of multi-dimensional statistical techniques for disentangling the structure and typology of different gambling behaviors and discussed our results in context of the psychometric, empirical and theoretical implications.

scholarly journals Do Distinct Groups of Reactively and Proactively Aggressive Children Exist? A Confirmatory Latent Profile Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk van Dijk ◽  
Julie A. Hubbard ◽  
Peter K. H. Deschamps ◽  
Wieteke Hiemstra ◽  
Hanneke Polman
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Latent Profile Analyses ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Aggressive Children ◽  
Profile Approach ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Latent Profile

AbstractThe present study examined whether there are distinct groups of children with reactive versus proactive motives for their aggressive behavior. We extended previous research by using a person-based analytical approach on data from a questionnaire assessing children’s motives independently from the severity of their aggression. Two competing hypotheses were tested. The both subtypes hypothesis holds that both reactive and proactive subtypes exist, as well as a mixed subtype. The reactive only hypothesis holds that only reactive and mixed subtypes exist. Hypotheses were tested on existing data from a community sample of children displaying aggression (Study 1: n = 228, ages 10–13, 54% boys), and two clinical samples of children with aggressive behavior problems (Study 2: n = 115, ages 8–13, 100% boys; Study 3: n = 123, ages 6–8, 78% boys). Teachers reported on children’s reactive and proactive motives. We selected measures available from peers, parents, teachers, and children themselves to compare the supported subtypes on variables that previous literature suggests uniquely correlate with reactive versus proactive aggression. Confirmatory latent profile analyses revealed that the both subtypes hypothesis best fit the data of all three samples. Most children were classified as reactive (55.7–61.8% across samples), with smaller percentages classified as proactive (10.4–24.1%) and mixed (18.0–33.9%). However, these subtypes only differed in expected directions on 7 out of 34 measures. Overall, results support the existence of both reactive and proactive subtypes of aggressive children, but the distinctiveness of these subtypes in terms of social-emotional characteristics warrants further study.

scholarly journals A Modified CAIDE Risk Score as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Magdalena I. Tolea ◽  
Jaeyeong Heo ◽  
Stephanie Chrisphonte ◽  
James E. Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Predictive Values

Background: Although an efficacious dementia-risk score system, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) was derived using midlife risk factors in a population with low educational attainment that does not reflect today’s US population, and requires laboratory biomarkers, which are not always available. Objective: Develop and validate a modified CAIDE (mCAIDE) system and test its ability to predict presence, severity, and etiology of cognitive impairment in older adults. Methods: Population consisted of 449 participants in dementia research (N = 230; community sample; 67.9±10.0 years old, 29.6%male, 13.7±4.1 years education) or receiving dementia clinical services (N = 219; clinical sample; 74.3±9.8 years old, 50.2%male, 15.5±2.6 years education). The mCAIDE, which includes self-reported and performance-based rather than blood-derived measures, was developed in the community sample and tested in the independent clinical sample. Validity against Framingham, Hachinski, and CAIDE risk scores was assessed. Results: Higher mCAIDE quartiles were associated with lower performance on global and domain-specific cognitive tests. Each one-point increase in mCAIDE increased the odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by up to 65%, those of AD by 69%, and those for non-AD dementia by >  85%, with highest scores in cases with vascular etiologies. Being in the highest mCAIDE risk group improved ability to discriminate dementia from MCI and controls and MCI from controls, with a cut-off of ≥7 points offering the highest sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Conclusion: mCAIDE is a robust indicator of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling seniors, which can discriminate well between dementia severity including MCI versus controls. The mCAIDE may be a valuable tool for case ascertainment in research studies, helping flag primary care patients for cognitive testing, and identify those in need of lifestyle interventions for symptomatic control.

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