scholarly journals Urban-rural Disparities on Personal Health Behaviors and the Influencing Factors during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: Based on an Extended IMB Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yetao Luo ◽  
Lili Yao ◽  
Ling Hu ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Feng Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Health behavior was conducive to control the COVID-19 epidemic. This study aimed to determine the differences in health behaviors and related factors among rural-urban residents in China. Methods: From February 14 to 22, 2020, the peak of COVID-19 epidemic in China, a total of 2449 participants(urban residents,1783(72.81%) and rural residents, 666 (27.19%)) were recruited by snowball sampling on WeChat and Tencent QQ social platforms. Data were collected through the Web-questionnaire guided by an information–motivation–behavioral skills model. Multiple-group structural equation model was applied to analyze the factors. Results: Rural residents had lower health behavior scores than urban residents, even after adjusting demographic characteristics (33.86 vs. 34.29, P=0.042, total score was 40). In urban and rural residents, motivation, behavioral skills and health risk stress had significant direct positive and negative influences effects on health behaviors, respectively. Information and positive perception of interventions had direct effects on health behaviors in rural residents, but not in urban residents. All the factors were mediated by behavioral skills in rural and urban residents. Conclusions: This study suggest that the government should pay attention to substantial rural-urban disparities and implement different COVID-19 prevention and intervention policies for health behaviors targeting rural and urban residents.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting University Students’ Perspectives on Cyberbullying Factors Affecting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Ayşe TAŞTEKİN OUYABA
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Factors Affecting

This research is a cross-sectional study. It was conducted with 340 students studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University. Data were collected through a questionnaire. T-test, Mann Whitney U, and Chi-square test were used to compare the sociodemographic and internet usage characteristics of the students according to their gender. Data were evaluated with Structural Equation Model. Being a woman is associated with better motivation (β: = -.20, p = 0.000) and health behaviors (β= -.22, p = 0.000). High motivation is associated with better behavioral skills (β= .15, p = 0.005) and better health behaviors (β= .28, p = 0.000). Better health behaviors indicate a decrease in cyber victimization (β= -.11, p = 0.042). It was observed that female students’ sensitivity towards preventing and preventing cyberbullying was higher than male students. Students with a high level of motivation have better behavioral skills and health behaviors. Students with better behavioral skills and health behaviors were less exposed to cyber victimization.

scholarly journals Condom Use and Related Factors among Rural and Urban Men Who Have Sex With Men in Western China: Based on Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 155798831989979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Hu ◽  
Yetao Luo ◽  
Xiaoni Zhong ◽  
Rongrong Lu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Western China ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Urban Men ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Sex With Men

This study aimed to determine the differences in condom use and related factors among rural–urban men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chongqing, Sichuan, and Guangxi, which recruited MSM by non-probability sampling. Data were collected through an anonymous, standardized, and self-reported questionnaire guided by an information–motivation–behavioral skills model. Structural equation model was applied to analyze the related factors. Out of the 1141 MSM included in this analysis, 856 (75%) and 285 (25%) were from urban and rural areas, respectively. The median age was 27 years for both groups. Self-reported consistent condom use for anal sex in the past 6 months was 57.58%. The rate of consistent condom use was lower in rural MSM than in urban MSM (50.88% vs. 59.81%, p = .008). Behavioral skills, HIV/AIDS intervention services, and response costs had direct positive and negative influences on condom use, respectively. By contrast, motivation and information exhibited indirect influence. All the factors were mediated by behavioral skills in rural and urban MSM, except for the information that had no effect among urban MSM but had an indirect effect among rural MSM. These findings suggest that service providers should pay attention to substantial rural–urban differences and design different AIDS prevention and intervention strategies targeting rural and urban MSM.

Cultural Constraints To Female Higher Education In Malakand Division, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Sameer Ul Khaliq Jan ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Niqab
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultural Constraints

The current study was aimed to analyze the Pakhtun cultural constraints in the way of female higher education. For this purpose, the data was collected through a survey instrument by snowball sampling and selected 384 respondents from Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS. A Chi-Square test was applied in order to find out the association between independent (Pakhtun culture) and a dependent variable (low female higher education). The results show that there is a high and significant relationship between the low ratio of female higher education and sub-dimensions of Pakhtun culture i.e. early puberty, conservatism, Pardah, home related factors, Son preference, male dominancy, lack of freedom of expression for female, early/child marriage, noninvolvement of female in decision making, spending money of parents but benefits goes to husband family, non-acceptance of co-education, living in hostel of female and cultural interpretation of religion are various risk factors for low female higher education in Pakhtun society. The study recommends that the government should focus on women education, create awareness regarding female education and provide better educational facilities and incentives for women. Besides, more employment opportunities should be created to enhance female higher education.

scholarly journals Longitudinal stability and interrelations between health behavior and subjective well-being in a follow-up of nine years

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259280
Author(s):  
Säde Stenlund ◽  
Niina Junttila ◽  
Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen ◽  
Lauri Sillanmäki ◽  
David Stenlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

Background The bidirectional relationship between health behavior and subjective well-being has previously been studied sparsely, and mainly for individual health behaviors and regression models. In the present study, we deepen this knowledge focusing on the four principal health behaviors and using structural equation modeling with selected covariates. Methods The follow-up data (n = 11,804) was derived from a population-based random sample of working-age Finns from two waves (2003 and 2012) of the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) postal survey. Structural equation modeling was used to study the cross-sectional, cross-lagged, and longitudinal relationships between the four principal health behaviors and subjective well-being at baseline and after the nine-year follow-up adjusted for age, gender, education, and self-reported diseases. The included health behaviors were physical activity, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. Subjective well-being was measured through four items comprising happiness, interest, and ease in life, and perceived loneliness. Results Bidirectionally, only health behavior in 2003 predicted subjective well-being in 2012, whereas subjective well-being in 2003 did not predict health behavior in 2012. In addition, the cross-sectional interactions in 2003 and in 2012 between health behavior and subjective well-being were statistically significant. The baseline levels predicted their respective follow-up levels, the effect being stronger in health behavior than in subjective well-being. Conclusion The four principal health behaviors together predict subsequent subjective well-being after an extensive follow-up. Although not particularly strong, the results could still be used for motivation for health behavior change, because of the beneficial effects of health behavior on subjective well-being.

scholarly journals Transformation of Digital Marketing in the 4.0 Industry Revolution: A Study on Batik MSMEs

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
R. Adjeng Mariana Febrianti ◽  
Mohd Haizam Mohd Saudi ◽  
Keni Kaniawati ◽  
Nurul Hermina
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Special Region

The success of the business cannot be separated from an implementation and utilization of information technology encouraging the creation of a competitive business which can be seen from the effectiveness of its supporting system. Currently, many business owners are inspired to improve their business with digitalization. The 4.0 industry revolution does not only occur in the government environment but also transpires other businesses with traditional culture background. A unique custom contributes advantages to Yogyakarta Special Region (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta) which produces traditional hand-drawn batik. The batik pieces are then processed into kemben. This study aims to find out the role of customer satisfaction in order to improve competitiveness through product quality, service quality, and price. This study used a snowball sampling method of 200 respondents analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). The result showed that product quality and price affect customer satisfaction through service quality. Eventually, the increasing product quality will provide benefits for Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of kemben in Yogyakarta Special Region and bring improvement for the local economy.  

Conscientiousness and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Test of the Health Behavior Model of Personality Using Structural Equation Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C Thomas ◽  
Katherine A Duggan ◽  
Thomas W Kamarck ◽  
Aidan G C Wright ◽  
Matthew F Muldoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality

Abstract Background High trait conscientiousness is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, and health behaviors are a putative but relatively untested pathway that may explain this association. Purpose To explore the role of key health behaviors (diet, physical activity, substance use, and sleep) as links between conscientiousness and cardiometabolic risk. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis of 494 healthy, middle-aged working adults (mean age = 42.7 years, 52.6% women, 81.0% White), participants provided self-reports of conscientiousness, physical activity, substance use, diet, and sleep, and wore monitors over a 7-day monitoring period to assess sleep (Actiwatch-16) and physical activity (SenseWear Pro3). Cardiometabolic risk was expressed as a second-order latent variable from a confirmatory factor analysis involving insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and blood pressure. Direct, indirect, and specific indirect effect pathways linking conscientiousness to health behaviors and cardiometabolic risk were examined. Unstandardized indirect effects for each health behavior class were computed separately using bootstrapped samples. Results After controlling for demographics (sex, age, race, and education), conscientiousness showed the predicted, inverse association with cardiometabolic risk. Among the examined health behaviors, objectively-assessed sleep midpoint variability (b = −0.003, p = .04), subjective sleep quality (b = −0.003, p = .025), and objectively-assessed physical activity (b = −0.11, p = .04) linked conscientiousness to cardiometabolic risk. Conclusions Physical activity and sleep partially accounted for the relationship between conscientiousness and cardiometabolic risk.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Health Behaviors in Late School-aged Children from Multicultural Families

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Sangmi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
School Adjustment ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Mother Child Relationship

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting health behaviors in late school-aged children from multicultural families.Methods: This study included 401 children (112 from multicultural families and 289 from non-multicultural backgrounds) in grades 4~6 in 11 elementary schools. Data on health behaviors and related factors (school adjustment, the mother-child relationship, self-efficacy, etc.) were collected from the children using self-reported questionnaires between May and June in 2019. The collected data were analyzed through a univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis.Results: The health behavior score of multicultural children was lower than that of non-multicultural children (t=3.32, <i>p</i>=.001). In multicultural children, school adjustment (β=.55, <i>p</i><.001), mother-child relationship (β=.25, <i>p</i>=.001), and perceived health status (very healthy=1; β=.19, <i>p</i>=.011) were significant factors affecting their health behavior and explained 47.0% (F=30.93, <i>p</i><.001) of the variance.Conclusion: Multicultural late school-aged children are at risk to engage in a lower level of health behaviors than their non-multicultural counterparts. More attention should be paid to ways of improving multicultural children’s perceptions of their health status, maternal relationships, and school adjustment in order to promote health behaviors.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in rural Rwanda: Time to contextualize the interventions? A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bavuma Munganyinka ◽  
Sanctus Musafiri ◽  
Pierre-Claver Rutayisire ◽  
Loise M Ng’ang’a ◽  
Ruth McQuillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Key Words Diabetes ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Existing prevention and treatment strategies target the classic types of diabetes yet this approach might not always be appropriate in settings such as rural Africa where atypical phenotypes exist. This study aims to assess the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of people with diabetes in rural and urban Rwanda. Methods: Across-sectional, clinic-based study was conducted in which individuals with diabetes mellitus were consecutively recruited from April 2015 to April 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interviews, medical files and physical examinations. Chi-square tests and T-tests were used to compare proportions and means between rural and urban residents. Results: A total of 472 participants were recruited (mean + SD age 40.2±19.1years), including 295 women and 315 rural residents. Compared to urban residents, rural residents had lower levels of education, were more likely to be employed in low-income work and to have limited access to running water and electricity. Diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age in rural residents (mean ± SD 32±18 vs 41±17 years; p < 0.001). Physical inactivity, family history of diabetes and obesity were significantly less prevalent in rural than in urban individuals (44% vs 66%, 14.9% vs 28.7% and 27.6% vs 54.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). The frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was lower in rural than in urban participants. High waist circumference was more prevalent in urban than in rural women and men (75.3% vs 45.5% and 30% vs 6%, respectively; p< 0.001). History of childhood under-nutrition was more frequent in rural than in urban individuals (22.5% vs 6.4%; p< 0.001). Conclusions : Characteristics of people with diabetes in rural Rwanda appear to differ from those of individuals with diabetes in urban settings, suggesting that sub-types of diabetes exist in Africa. Generic guidelines for diabetes prevention and management may not be appropriate in different populations. Key words: diabetes; risk factors; malnutrition; rural; Rwanda

scholarly journals Assessment of intake inadequacy and food sources of zinc of people in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 848-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guansheng Ma ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Ying Jin ◽  
Songming Du ◽  
Frans J Kok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the intake inadequacy and food sources of zinc of people in China.Design and subjectsDiets of 68 962 subjects aged 2–101 years (urban 21 103, rural 47 859) in the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were analysed. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recall for three consecutive days. Zinc intake inadequacy was calculated based on values suggested by the World Health Organization.ResultsThe median zinc intake ranged from 4.9 mg day− 1(urban girls, 2–3 years) to 11.9 mg day− 1(rural males, 19+ years). The zinc density of urban residents (2–3 to 19+ years) was 5.0–5.3 mg day− 1 (1000 kcal)− 1, significantly higher than that of their rural counterparts (4.7–4.8 mg day− 1 (1000 kcal)− 1). Differences in food sources of zinc from cereal grains (27.4–45.1 vs. 51.6–63.2%) and animal foods (28.4–54.8 vs. 16.8–30.6%) were found between urban and rural residents. Zinc from vegetables and fruits (8.2–13.8 vs. 9.7–12.4%) and legumes (1.3–3.3 vs. 2.5–3.4%) was comparable between urban and rural residents. The proportion of zinc intake inadequacy ranged between 2.8% (urban females, 19+ years) and 29.4% (rural lactating women). Rural residents had higher proportions of zinc intake inadequacy than their urban counterparts. Significantly higher proportions of zinc inadequacy were found in the category of phytate/zinc molar ratio >15 for both rural and urban residents.ConclusionsAbout 20% of rural children are at risk of inadequate zinc intake, with phytate as a potential important inhibitor. Moreover, lactating women are also considered a vulnerable group.

scholarly journals Revolutionary power perception by the Vladimir province population in March-October 1917: according to the district commissars and militia chiefs’ estimates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Galina Mikhailovna Ptitsina
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Government ◽  
Power Perception

The paper deals with the analysis of the Vladimir province Provisional Government commissars and militia chiefs reports on the assessment of revolutionary power perception by the local population in March-October 1917. The author characterizes a complex of sources and methodology of working with them. The paper considers the Vladimir province inhabitants attitude to the change of power in February 1917, to the events in Petrograd in July, and to the October coup from the Provisional Government commissars point of view. Besides, the author characterizes a condition of the peoples militia, social behavior of rural and urban residents on the basis of official reports. The author concludes about an enormous information potential of such reports from the places, which, due to their structure and content, bear the imprint of the personal impression of the official from communicating with the inhabitants. The reports analysis has shown that their main topics were not political: unauthorized felling, seizure of forests, increasing robberies and hooliganism as well as disruption in food security. In general, the reports described the absolute apolitical nature of the peasants with their desire to solve the pressing issues of cold and hunger, as well as the open bellicosity of workers who were suspicious to all representatives of the government.

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