scholarly journals A Commentary on the Current and Future Status of Educational and Developmental Psychology in Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Gilmore ◽  
Janet Fletcher ◽  
Alan Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Community Organisations ◽  
University Programs ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Training Specialist ◽  
Future Status

Educational and developmental psychology faces a number of current and future challenges and opportunities in Australia. In this commentary we consider the identity of educational and developmental psychology in terms of the features that distinguish it from other specialisations, and address issues related to training, specialist endorsement, supervision and rebating under the Australian government's Medicare system. The current status of training in Australia is considered through a review of the four university programs in educational and developmental psychology currently offered, and the employment destinations of their graduates. Although the need for traditional services in settings such as schools, hospitals, disability and community organisations will undoubtedly continue, the role of educational and developmental psychologists is being influenced and to some extent redefined by advances in technology, medicine, genetics, and neuroscience. We review some of these advances and conclude with recommendations for training and professional development that will enable Australian educational and developmental psychologists to meet the challenges ahead.

scholarly journals Using chemical biology to assess and modulate mitochondria: progress and challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20160151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Logan ◽  
Michael P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Many ◽  
Opening Up

Our understanding of the role of mitochondria in biomedical sciences has expanded considerably over the past decade. In addition to their well-known metabolic roles, mitochondrial are also central to signalling for various processes through the generation of signals such as ROS and metabolites that affect cellular homeostasis, as well as other processes such as cell death and inflammation. Thus, mitochondrial function and dysfunction are central to the health and fate of the cell. Consequently, there is considerable interest in better understanding and assessing the many roles of mitochondria. Furthermore, there is also a growing realization that mitochondrial are a promising drug target in a wide range of pathologies. The application of interdisciplinary approaches at the interface between chemistry and biology are opening up new opportunities to understand mitochondrial function and in assessing the role of the organelle in biology. This work and the experience thus gained are leading to the development of new classes of therapies. Here, we overview the progress that has been made to date on exploring the chemical biology of the organelle and then focus on future challenges and opportunities that face this rapidly developing field.

Urban sanitation in Nigeria: the past, current and future status of access, policies and institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Obiora B. Ezeudu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Sanitation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Status

AbstractThough rated among the largest economies in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria is currently grappling with enormous socio-economic challenges such as high poverty rate, power and water supply shortages, large-scale unemployment ratio, economic recession and underperforming agricultural sector. Judging by the scale of urgent political and economic importance, urban sanitation definitely ranks low among the government’s priorities. No wonder political slogans and manifestos of political parties feature provision of water supply while sanitation is conspicuously usually omitted. This is suggestive of the opinion that having not critically understood the status, challenges and opportunities associated with sanitation in the country’s urban areas might be partly responsible for this. Thus, the current work presents a detailed review of the past, current and future status of urban sanitation in Nigeria in terms of access coverage, policies, institutions and future challenges and opportunities. The past status was difficult to evaluate because of the absence of data and unclear definitions of the term ‘sanitation’. The current status shows among other findings that water supply issues receive domineering attention than sanitation, mainly due to merging together of discussions, policies and implementation of the two issues together. In cases where sanitation crops up in the agenda, rural areas are favored more than the urban areas. This pattern is also common in the literature. But the future of urban sanitation in Nigeria is double-edged depending on actions or inactions of the government and other stakeholders. The study further makes recommendations for – balanced and sustainable urban development planning, restructuring of land and housing policies and creation of enabling market environment that could trigger a viable sanitation industry – as the way forward.

The Essential Role of Plant Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in the Success of Biorefineries: Current Status and Future Challenges

2014 ◽  
pp. 151-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Henrique Luciano Silveira ◽  
Matti Siika-aho ◽  
Kristiina Kruus ◽  
Leyanis Mesa Garriga ◽  
Luiz Pereira Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Future Challenges

scholarly journals A New Kid on the Block? Carbonic Anhydrases as Possible New Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Provensi ◽  
Fabrizio Carta ◽  
Alessio Nocentini ◽  
Claudiu T. Supuran ◽  
Fiorella Casamenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
New Targets ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges

The increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), is a consequence of the world′s population aging but unfortunately, existing treatments are only effective at delaying some of the symptoms and for a limited time. Despite huge efforts by both academic researchers and pharmaceutical companies, no disease-modifying drugs have been brought to the market in the last decades. Recently, several studies shed light on Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) as possible new targets for AD treatment. In the present review we summarized preclinical and clinical findings regarding the role of CAs and their inhibitors/activators on cognition, aging and neurodegeneration and we discuss future challenges and opportunities in the field.

The Biology of Agroecosystems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Randall ◽  
Barbara Smith
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Biological Impacts ◽  
The Tropics

The Biology of Agroecosystems provides an introduction to the biological and ecological attributes of ecosystems and the biological impacts of agriculture on the wider environment. Global human populations are rising and diets are becoming ever more complicated, leading to requirements for increased levels of food production. Natural biotopes are becoming increasingly fragmented as agricultural activities expand around them. Agroecosystems occur from the tropics to subarctic environments and comprise systems as varied as annual crops, perennial grasslands, orchards, and agroforestry systems. They presently cover almost 40 per cent of the terrestrial land surface and significantly shape landscapes at a global scale. The book outlines the origin and development of agriculture and summarizes the characteristics of different types of agroecosystems. The conflicts between management of land for productivity and conservation of natural resources are discussed, and some of the key biological issues (loss of biodiversity, instability, susceptibility to pests, for example) are explored. Individual chapters introduce the role of functional groups such as pollinators, nutrient cycling organisms, and pest regulators; the importance of soils and soil organisms for agriculture; and the biological impacts of water use in agroecosystems. Globalization of agriculture is explored, and includes drivers of change, such as shifting diets, and biological challenges, such as the spread of pest species. The final chapters outline different management methods for sustainable management of agroecosystems, and consider the future challenges and opportunities for agriculture and the biology of agroecosystems.

Graphene Oxide Membrane: Recent Advancement in Waste Water Treatment and its Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-157
Author(s):  
Nusrat Sahiba ◽  
Pankaj Teli ◽  
Prakash Prajapat ◽  
Shikha Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Oxide Membrane

World water resources are barely alive due to various factors such as rise in population, adverse changes in the environment and the effects of pollutants, which increase the demand for fresh-water. Numerous techniques have been developed to solve the problem of water inadequacy, but most of them are adverse with respect to the environment and economy. Graphene-oxide (GO) nanopore materials may be an effective solution for water-purification due to its properties of easy fabrication and modification. This next-generation membrane has high waterflux, selectivity, and permeability to selected molecules. In this discussion, we have covered the latest technologies and potential applications of GO for waterpurification, which shall help researchers to get quick ideas for future research to design and fabricate multi-layered GO membranes. This article gives a snapshot of current status and proposed strategies of graphene-membranes for water treatment with earlier information to wastewater management and stimulated progress in this area from 2017 to date. The future challenges and opportunities in this field have also been highlighted.

Mobile social media: Future challenges and opportunities

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mobile Social Networks ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Disciplinary Programs

This article explores the future research opportunities and challenges of mobile social media. First, I problematize what constitutes the boundaries of mobile social media. Distinctions between location-based mobile social networks and non-location-based mobile social networks are established to suggest that the mobility of social media is in fact much broader than location alone. Second, several key theoretical questions are identified for future exploration, including micro, meso, and macro-level theories. Lastly, methodological challenges and opportunities are reflected upon and culminate in the call for multi-disciplinary programs of research to fully understand the role of mobile social media in the world today.

scholarly journals A Study on Management of Health Care Infrastructure Development in Rural India: Critical analysis of current status and future challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. i35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenavath Sreenu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Health Care Infrastructure

The study has focused on the role of rural health infrastructure development in India. Currently the health infrastructure development of India is poor and it needs fundamental reforms to deal with new emerging challenges. The role of private providers is increasing but simultaneously healthcare facilities are becoming costly. The study surveys the present position of rural health care infrastructure growth, the development of infrastructure, health care facilities, position of human resource, and quality of service delivery. The paper suggests future challenges of Indian healthcare infrastructure development in rural area, as the burden of disease, financial deficiency in a large section of the population, vaccination policy and poor access to health care. Longevity, literacy and per capita income are further considerations.

scholarly journals Emerging nanotechnologies for cancer immunotherapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 241 (10) ◽  
pp. 1116-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourabh Shukla ◽  
Nicole F Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Frequent Administration ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapies ◽  
Insight Into

Founded on the growing insight into the complex cancer-immune system interactions, adjuvant immunotherapies are rapidly emerging and being adapted for the treatment of various human malignancies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, for example, have already shown clinical success. Nevertheless, many approaches are not optimized, require frequent administration, are associated with systemic toxicities and only show modest efficacy as monotherapies. Nanotechnology can potentially enhance the efficacy of such immunotherapies by improving the delivery, retention and release of immunostimulatory agents and biologicals in targeted cell populations and tissues. This review presents the current status and emerging trends in such nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapies including the role of nanoparticles as carriers of immunomodulators, nanoparticles-based cancer vaccines, and depots for sustained immunostimulation. Also highlighted are key translational challenges and opportunities in this rapidly growing field.

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