Anti-Corruption Protests and University Students: Evidence from Russian Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Olena Nikolayenko
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
The One

Abstract There are conflicting theoretical expectations regarding students' protest behaviour in contemporary autocracies. On the one hand, in line with a resource model of political participation, university students are more likely to protest than their peers without higher education. On the other hand, university students in autocracies might refrain from high-risk activism in exchange for their own financial well-being and career advancement. To address this debate, the article leverages data on anti-corruption protests organized by the opposition politician Alexei Navalny in March 2017. Results show that anti-corruption protests were larger in Russian cities with a larger university student population. Next, employing individual-level data from the fifth wave of the European Values Survey, multinomial logistic regression analysis demonstrates that university students participated in demonstrations at a higher rate than non-students of the same age. More broadly, these findings yield insights into subnational variation in mass mobilization in a repressive political regime.

scholarly journals Private Religious or Spiritual Activities and its Impact on Life Satisfaction: A Population-based Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Desai
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
The Impact

Background: Life satisfaction is considered a valid population-based indicator of health and well-being. Recently, many advances in life satisfaction and well-being have been made by improving social and health policies. However, several countries continue to report low levels of life satisfaction, even among many modern industrialized nations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of private religious or spiritual activities (PRS) as a possible modifiable, individual-level factor to increase life satisfaction, with population-level health implications.Methods: The analytic sample included 9,627 respondents to the 2011-2012 Canadian Community Health Survey. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between self-reported PRS activities and life satisfaction, adjusted for confounders.Results: After adjusting for the confounders, daily PRS activities was associated with an increased odds of high satisfaction (AOR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.78) compared to low satisfaction. Engaging in weekly PRS activities was also associated with an increased odds of high satisfaction (AOR = AOR=1.33, 95% CI: 0.87, 2.02) compared to low satisfaction. Monthly engagement in PRS activities was not associated with increases in life satisfaction. Conclusions: There is a moderate association between the odds of high satisfaction and engaging in PRS activities on a daily or weekly basis. The variability in the CIs of the AORs indicates imprecision in the data; however, the majority of the possible range of effects are beneficial. Countries and other relevant organizations should be cognizant of the possible role that religious and spiritual values may have on life satisfaction, as another factor to explore further for population-level health benefits.

scholarly journals Alternatives to Aging Alone?: “Kinlessness” and the Importance of Friends Across European Contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1416-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A Mair
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Alternative Sources

Abstract Objectives Increasing numbers of older adults cross-nationally are without children or partners in later life and therefore likely have greater reliance on nonkin (e.g., friends). This pattern may be particularly pronounced in country contexts that emphasize friendship. This article hypothesizes that those who lack kin (e.g., children, partners) and/or who live in countries with a stronger emphasis on friendship have more friends in their networks. Although these hypothesized patterns are consistent with interdisciplinary literatures, they have not been tested empirically and therefore remain overlooked in current “aging alone” narratives. Method This study combines individual-level data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (Wave 6) with nation-level data from the European Values Survey to estimate multilevel negative binomial models exploring number of friends among those aged more than 50 years who lack kin across 17 countries. Results Older adults who lack kin or whose kin are unavailable report more friends in their networks, particularly in countries with a higher percentage of people who believe that friends are “very important” in life. Discussion This article challenges dominating assumptions about “aging alone” that rely heavily on lack of family as an indicator of “alone.” Future studies of “kinlessness” should consider the extent to which friendship is correlated with lack of kin, particularly in more socioeconomically developed countries. Previous research on “aging alone” may have overestimated risk in more privileged countries that already emphasize friendship, but underestimated risk in family-centered countries where “kinlessness” and alternative sources of support are less common.

scholarly journals How does area-level deprivation depress an individual’s self-rated health and life satisfaction? Evidence from a nationwide population-based survey in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Oshio ◽  
Hiromi Kimura ◽  
Toshimi Nishizaki ◽  
Takashi Omori
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Area-level deprivation is well known to have an adverse impact on mortality, morbidity, or other specific health outcomes. This study examined how area-level deprivation may affect self-rated health (SRH) and life satisfaction (LS), an issue that is largely understudied. Methods We used individual-level data obtained from a nationwide population-based internet survey conducted between 2019 and 2020, as well as municipality-level data obtained from a Japanese government database (N = 12,461 living in 366 municipalities). We developed multilevel regression models to explain an individual’s SRH and LS scores using four alternative measures of municipality-level deprivation, controlling for individual-level deprivation and covariates. We also examined how health behavior and interactions with others mediated the impact of area-level deprivation on SRH and LS. Results Participants in highly deprived municipalities tended to report poorer SRH and lower LS. For example, when living in municipalities falling in the highest tertile of municipality-level deprivation as measured by the z-scoring method, SRH and LS scores worsened by a standard deviation of 0.05 (p < 0.05) when compared with those living in municipalities falling in the lowest tertile of deprivation. In addition, health behavior mediated between 17.6 and 33.1% of the impact of municipality-level deprivation on SRH and LS, depending on model specifications. Conclusion Results showed that area-level deprivation modestly decreased an individual’s general health conditions and subjective well-being, underscoring the need for public health policies to improve area-level socioeconomic conditions.

scholarly journals Does Sport Affect Health and Well-Being or Is It the Other Way Around? A Note on Reverse-Causality in Empirical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Jing Guan ◽  
J. D. Tena
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Response Variables

Estimating the causal impact of sport or physical activity on health and well-being is an issue of great relevance in the sport and health literature. The increasing availability of individual level data has encouraged this interest. However, this analysis requires dealing with two types of simultaneity problem: (1) between exercise and response variables; and (2) across the different response variables. This note discusses how the previous literature has dealt with these two questions with particular attention paid to the use of seemingly aseptic econometric models proposed by some recent empirical papers. Regardless of the approach, identification necessarily requires the use of untestable hypotheses. We provide some recommendations based on analyzing the robustness of the estimation results to changes in the adopted identification assumptions.

scholarly journals Different Types of Solidarity in Times of Crises

Intersections ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
István Grajczjár ◽  
Zsofia Nagy ◽  
Antal Örkény
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The One

The aim of this paper is to map and contrast recent developments in attitudes towards different types of solidarity in Austria and Hungary. The context of the paper is that the economic and the so-called ‘refugee’ crisis and its social and political consequences have fundamentally affected European attitudes towards solidarity. Such times of crisis are often seen as providing ample opportunities for the populist radical right to prosper. Nevertheless, the above developments do not necessarily mean a weakening of solidarity as its forms may change and its meanings become contested. Based on a comparison of Austrian and Hungarian results of the ESS round 8 (2016) the article – with the help of k-means cluster and multinomial logistic regression analyses – examines what solidarity positions can be observed and contrasted and how they may be linked step-by-step to 1) objective socio-demographic variables, 2) subjective perceptions at the micro-level (like social trust, well-being, and feelings of insecurity), 3) subjective perceptions at the macro-level (like institutional and political trust, attachment to country and the EU), moreover 4) to different values and attitudes like xenophobia, homophobia, conformism or statism on the one hand, and, 5) to political orientations and voting intentions on the other.

PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE FEELINGS AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 376-387
Author(s):  
Chin Tee Suan ◽  
Anwar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
University Students ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Feelings ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

In nowadays competitive environment, students face challenges and intense pressure both from social and university lives, which is perceived stressful, and it ultimately develop feelings of depression. Keeping this in view, the current study aims to know prevalence of depressive feelings and its associated risk factors among Malaysian university students. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected by an online-self-reported- questionnaire from 210 students. Demographic data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, while linkages between depression and its risk-factors were determined by multinomial-logistic regression analysis. Results show that depressive symptoms were moderately elevated among 19-to-22 years old students, female students, unmarried, having past-trauma and financially poor status. Depressive symptoms had impeded academic life of students and academic performance. This study recommends that the menace of depression should be dealt collectively by parents, teachers, and university administration by providing a conducive environment to students, which will prevent students from detrimental impacts of depression.

scholarly journals Measuring health and well-being with the help of the community

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Williams ◽  
A Verma
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local People ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Local Stakeholders

Abstract Issue The Well North Programme is a multi-centre study focused on reducing inequalities in deprived communities through locally-led interventions and activities. As a locally driven project where the local stakeholders were involved in the programme of work, it was important to involve the community when deciding what to measure. Description As part of the evaluation there was a need to produce a tool to capture health and wellbeing information that was relevant to the specific communities involved in the project. In order to do this, we established that we needed local people to define what they wanted to measure, and we would use evidence synthesis techniques to identify tools that could be used to measure it within the community. Results We formulated the Well North Star, a bespoke spider diagram designed to capture individual level data. The Star is a quantitative tool used to collect individual-level data at an individual, organisational and geographical level. Each arm of the star represents an important theme, selected for measurement by local people. Identified local stakeholders (including residents, voluntary sector, police and councillors) were invited to workshops in order to decide what issues were important locally. After group discussions and thematic analysis, up to seven issues were highlighted as the most important in the community. Two of the main issues highlighted within local communities were aspiration and access to local information. After extensive literature search, tools to measure these were insufficient (e.g. aspiration tools focused on aspiration to become famous) and so bespoke tools needed to be created. Lessons When conducting community driven research, it is important to involve representatives from the community in identifying issues that are important to them. There is a gap between what academics and researchers consider important in local communities and what the communities themselves consider important.

scholarly journals Understanding Student Entrepreneurs: Doers, Procrastinators, Dreamers, and Abstainers

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1935-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Holienka ◽  
Peter Gál ◽  
Zuzana Kovačičová
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Student Entrepreneurship ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Global University

Entrepreneurship as one of the potential career paths is an actual phenomenon among university students all around the world. However, as shown by recent GUESSS (Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey) findings, the action‑intention patterns are rather varied. While a bunch of students already start their businesses (= “doers“), few of them declare their intention to start‑up after completing their studies (= “procrastinators“), and even greater share of student population indicate a postponed intention to start a business in the mid‑range future (= “dreamers“). Of course, a considerable proportion of students exhibit no inclination towards entrepreneurial career path (= “abstainers”). The aim of this exploratory study is to analyse differences between actual, would‑be and „perhaps sometimes later“ entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurial abstainers, among European university students. To do so, we utilize the 2016 GUESSS project individual‑level data from 25 European countries (n = 68,828), search for similarities and differences between the above‑mentioned groups of university students, and analyse robustness of our findings by investigating for drivers of individual involvement in entrepreneurial activity. Our study contributes to the body of knowledge on this under‑researched perspective on youth and student entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals The academic achievement of Limited English Proficient (LEP) youth in new and established immigrant states: Lessons from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa P. Spees ◽  
Stephanie Potochnick ◽  
Krista M. Perreira
Keyword(s):  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
Limited English Proficient ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Educational Progress ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Face ◽  
Demographic Shifts

The dramatic growth and dispersal of immigrant families has changed the face of public education at a time when states are experiencing increased school accountability pressures under the No Child Left Behind Act and its recent successor, the Every Student Succeeds Act. Of particular concern is how these demographic shifts affect the academic well-being of Limited English Proficient (LEP) youth, the protected sub-group that most directly targets children from immigrant families. Using individual-level data from the National Association of Educational Progress (NAEP), we examine how eighth grade test scores of LEP youth differ across new and established immigrant destination states. Results show that achievement for LEP youth is higher in new than in established immigrant states, but that this advantage is not consistent across ethnic/racial groups. LEP youth in new immigrant states benefit from more favorable demographic characteristics and family and school resources, but these differences only explain a small portion of the achievement gap. 

scholarly journals The Community Health Supporting Environments and Residents’ Health and Well-Being: The Role of Health Literacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7769
Author(s):  
Tianfeng He ◽  
Lefan Liu ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Guoxing Li ◽  
Xinbiao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Excellent Health ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Health And Well Being

We evaluate the impacts that health supporting environments have on residents’ health and well-being. Using a stratified multi-stage sampling method, we select a sample of 12,360 permanent adult residents aged 15–69, and collect information on their health literacy level, as well as their demographic background and health. This individual level data is then merged with the administrative health supporting environment data. More than two thirds of residents self-reported having good/excellent health, and the percent of adults living in communities with healthy parks, healthy trails, and healthy huts in their community is 23 percent, 43 percent, and 25 percent, respectively. Controlling for a series of confounding factors at the community and individual levels, we find that healthy parks and healthy trails are positively correlated with self-reported health, which increases the probability of self-reporting good health by 2.0 percentage points (p < 0.10) and 6.0 percentage points (p < 0.01), respectively. Access to healthy huts is negatively associated with self-reported health, decreasing the probability of self-reporting good health by 5.0 percentage points (p < 0.01). Health literacy plays a role in moderating the effect of health parks, and a positive effect is more likely to be observed among adults with lower health literacy. Health supporting environments may play a role in reducing the likelihood of undiagnosed diseases and changing residents’ lifestyles, which promotes the health and well-being of residents, especially among those with inadequate health literacy.

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