scholarly journals COVID-19 Research Agenda for Healthcare Epidemiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-81
Author(s):  
Lona Mody ◽  
Ibukunoluwa C. Akinboyo ◽  
Hilary M. Babcock ◽  
Werner E. Bischoff ◽  
Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Science Research ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Health Outcomes Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Healthcare Epidemiology

Abstract This SHEA white paper identifies knowledge gaps and challenges in healthcare epidemiology research related to COVID-19 with a focus on core principles of healthcare epidemiology. These gaps, revealed during the worst phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, are described in 10 sections: epidemiology, outbreak investigation, surveillance, isolation precaution practices, personal protective equipment (PPE), environmental contamination and disinfection, drug and supply shortages, antimicrobial stewardship, healthcare personnel (HCP) occupational safety, and return to work policies. Each section highlights three critical healthcare epidemiology research questions with detailed description provided in supplemental materials. This research agenda calls for translational studies from laboratory-based basic science research to well-designed, large-scale studies and health outcomes research. Research gaps and challenges related to nursing homes and social disparities are included. Collaborations across various disciplines, expertise and across diverse geographic locations will be critical.

scholarly journals The Evolving Landscape of Healthcare-Associated Infections: Recent Advances in Prevention and a Road Map for Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasia Safdar ◽  
Deverick J. Anderson ◽  
Barbara I. Braun ◽  
Philip Carling ◽  
Stuart Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Priorities ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Healthcare Epidemiology ◽  
National Approach

This white paper identifies knowledge gaps and new challenges in healthcare epidemiology research, assesses the progress made toward addressing research priorities, provides the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Committee's recommendations for high-priority research topics, and proposes a road map for making progress toward these goals. It updates the 2010 SHEA Research Committee document, “Charting the Course for the Future of Science in Healthcare Epidemiology: Results of a Survey of the Membership of SHEA,” which called for a national approach to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and a prioritized research agenda. This paper highlights recent studies that have advanced our understanding of HAIs, the establishment of the SHEA Research Network as a collaborative infrastructure to address research questions, prevention initiatives at state and national levels, changes in reporting and payment requirements, and new patterns in antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Co-creating a Social Science Research Agenda for Clean Sport: An International Delphi Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Boardley ◽  
Martin Chandler ◽  
Susan H Backhouse ◽  
Andrea Petroczi
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Consensus Method ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
First Time

Background: Doping is a significant issue in sport. To date, research efforts to inform doping prevention have lacked any guiding framework for research priorities. To ensure future research endeavors are coordinated, sustainable and focused on end-user priorities, a research agenda, informed by practical needs and expert knowledge, is needed. For the first time, this study brought together an international group of practitioners and academic researchers to co-create a research agenda for doping prevention.Methods: The Delphi consensus method was used to identify the most important topics for social science research on doping prevention, as well as specific questions that need addressing. Based on eligibility criteria for key stakeholders in anti-doping, 82 academics, practitioners and representatives of anti-doping organizations were invited to participate in this agenda-setting project. Based upon two substantive reviews of the doping literature and 12 focus groups with elite athletes across five European countries, a questionnaire was developed by social science experts in anti-doping to assess the importance of 15 potential research topics and identify key research questions for each. In Round 1, an expert panel (n = 57) completed this questionnaire. In Round 2, expert panel members (n = 33; 42% attrition from Round 1) ranked the eight topic areas rated as most important in Round 1 on their relative importance, before doing the same for research questions within each topic area. Based on these rankings, a draft research agenda was created. In the final round, expert-panel members (n = 26; 54% attrition from Round 1) rated the degree to which they accepted this draft agenda and the feasibility of its delivery over the next ten years, as well as identifying possible barriers and facilitators to its implementation.Results: The results of Round 1 and Round 2 were used to create a research agenda consisting of 18 research questions stratified across eight topic areas. This draft agenda was either fully (n = 16) or mostly (n = 9) accepted by the expert panel in Round 3 (96.2%). These research topics focus on the effectiveness of anti-doping interventions/education programmes, athlete environment (developmental influences, role and knowledge of the athlete entourage), long-term development of protective and risk factors for doping in athletes and their entourage, athletes' experiences of key procedures and their perceived place in the anti-doping system. Conclusions: For the first time, a rigorous exercise was conducted to create a research agenda for doping prevention research. Adoption and application of this agenda should lead to better coordination, more efficient use of available funding resource, enhanced uptake of research findings by doping-prevention practitioners and in turn more effective anti-doping and clean-sport education.

The Age of Autonomy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Winter
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Southern Turkey ◽  
Leadership Structure ◽  
Landed Gentry ◽  
Tribal Leadership

This chapter follows the rise to power of the Shamsins, the Bayt al-Shillif, and associated ʻAlawi families as Ottoman tax concessionaries. It shows that their position of local autonomy, rather than having evolved out of some domestic or “tribal” leadership structure, resulted from a paradigm shift in Ottoman provincial administration as well as from a very favorable economic context, in particular the development of commercial tobacco farming in the northern highlands around Latakia. If the eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of a veritable Ottoman–ʻAlawi landed gentry, it also saw increasing social disparities lead to large-scale emigration away from the highlands toward the coastal and inland plains as well as toward the Hatay district of what is today southern Turkey.

The Green New Deal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hockett
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Good News ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
The One ◽  
In Virtue Of

This white paper lays out the guiding vision behind the Green New Deal Resolution proposed to the U.S. Congress by Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Senator Bill Markey in February of 2019. It explains the senses in which the Green New Deal is 'green' on the one hand, and a new 'New Deal' on the other hand. It also 'makes the case' for a shamelessly ambitious, not a low-ball or slow-walked, Green New Deal agenda. At the core of the paper's argument lies the observation that only a true national mobilization on the scale of those associated with the original New Deal and the Second World War will be up to the task of comprehensively revitalizing the nation's economy, justly growing our middle class, and expeditiously achieving carbon-neutrality within the twelve-year time-frame that climate science tells us we have before reaching an environmental 'tipping point.' But this is actually good news, the paper argues. For, paradoxically, an ambitious Green New Deal also will be the most 'affordable' Green New Deal, in virtue of the enormous productivity, widespread prosperity, and attendant public revenue benefits that large-scale public investment will bring. In effect, the Green New Deal will amount to that very transformative stimulus which the nation has awaited since the crash of 2008 and its debt-deflationary sequel.

A Perspective On The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Basic Science Research and its Future implications

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yam Nath Paudel ◽  
Efthalia Angelopoulou ◽  
Bhupendra Raj Giri ◽  
Christina Piperi ◽  
Iekhsan Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Science ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Basic Science Research ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

: COVID-19 has emerged as a devastating pandemic of the century that the current generations have ever experienced. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 12 million people around the globe and 0.5 million people have succumbed to death. Due to the lack of effective vaccines against the COVID-19, several nations throughout the globe has imposed a lock-down as a preventive measure to lower the spread of COVID-19 infection. As a result of lock-down most of the universities and research institutes has witnessed a long pause in basic science research ever. Much has been talked about the long-term impact of COVID-19 in economy, tourism, public health, small and large-scale business of several kind. However, the long-term implication of these research lab shutdown and its impact in the basic science research has not been much focused. Herein, we provide a perspective that portrays a common problem of all the basic science researchers throughout the globe and its long-term consequences.

scholarly journals Responsible Urban Innovation with Local Government Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Tan Yigitcanlar ◽  
Juan M. Corchado ◽  
Rashid Mehmood ◽  
Rita Yi Man Li ◽  
Karen Mossberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Expert Team ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Technological Opportunities ◽  
Made In

The urbanization problems we face may be alleviated using innovative digital technology. However, employing these technologies entails the risk of creating new urban problems and/or intensifying the old ones instead of alleviating them. Hence, in a world with immense technological opportunities and at the same time enormous urbanization challenges, it is critical to adopt the principles of responsible urban innovation. These principles assure the delivery of the desired urban outcomes and futures. We contribute to the existing responsible urban innovation discourse by focusing on local government artificial intelligence (AI) systems, providing a literature and practice overview, and a conceptual framework. In this perspective paper, we advocate for the need for balancing the costs, benefits, risks and impacts of developing, adopting, deploying and managing local government AI systems in order to achieve responsible urban innovation. The statements made in this perspective paper are based on a thorough review of the literature, research, developments, trends and applications carefully selected and analyzed by an expert team of investigators. This study provides new insights, develops a conceptual framework and identifies prospective research questions by placing local government AI systems under the microscope through the lens of responsible urban innovation. The presented overview and framework, along with the identified issues and research agenda, offer scholars prospective lines of research and development; where the outcomes of these future studies will help urban policymakers, managers and planners to better understand the crucial role played by local government AI systems in ensuring the achievement of responsible outcomes.

Updates on NORA Musculoskeletal Health Cross-Sector Council Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1279-1281
Author(s):  
David M. Rempel ◽  
Scott Schneider ◽  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Sheree Gibson ◽  
Susan Kotowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

The National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) is a research framework for the nation and for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The NORA Musculoskeletal Health Cross-Sector (MUS) Council focuses on the mitigation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Two projects have been chosen by the MUS Council for disseminating existing information on ergonomic assessment methods and interventions. The first project involves collaboration with the AIHA Ergonomics Committee on the latest update of the AIHA Ergonomic Assessment Toolkit. The second project aims to post all-industry information on ergonomic solutions/interventions/guidelines in collaboration with the International Ergonomics Association (IEA). The MUS Council plans on leveraging the collaborative efforts for promoting widespread adoption of evidence-based workplace practices for the prevention of WMSDs.

scholarly journals Ambiguity in European seasonal comparative research: how decisions on modelling shape results on inequality in learning?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Helbling ◽  
Martin J. Tomasik ◽  
Urs Moser
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Conditional Learning ◽  
Summer Setback ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Learning Progress ◽  
Modeling Strategy ◽  
Study Designs

AbstractSummer break study designs are used in educational research to disentangle school from non-school contributions to social performance gaps. The summer breaks provide a natural experimental setting that allows for the measurement of learning progress when school is not in session, which can help to capture the unfolding of social disparities in learning that are the result of non-school influences. Seasonal comparative research has a longer tradition in the U.S. than in Europe, where it is only at its beginning. As such, summer setback studies in Europe lack a common methodological framework, impairing the possibility to draw lines across studies because they differ in their inherent focus on social inequality in learning progress. This paper calls for greater consideration of the parameterization of “unconditional” or “conditional” learning progress in European seasonal comparative research. Different approaches to the modelling of learning progress answer different research questions. Based on real data and constructed examples, this paper outlines in an intuitive fashion the different dynamics in inequality that may be simultaneously present in the survey data and distinctly revealed depending on whether one or the other modeling strategy of learning progress is chosen. An awareness of the parameterization of learning progress is crucial for an accurate interpretation of the findings and their international comparison.

scholarly journals Surveillance of U.S. Corporate Filings Provides a Proactive Approach to Inform Tobacco Regulatory Research Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3067
Author(s):  
Samantha Emma Sarles ◽  
Edward C. Hensel ◽  
Risa J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Science ◽  
Product Launch ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Regulatory Actions

The popularity of electronic cigarettes in the United States and around the world has led to a startling rise in youth nicotine use. The Juul® e-cigarette was introduced in the U.S. market in 2015 and had captured approximately 13% of the U.S. market by 2017. Unlike many other contemporary electronic cigarette companies, the founders behind the Juul® e-cigarette approached their product launch like a traditional high-tech start-up company, not like a tobacco company. This article presents a case study of Juul’s corporate and product development history in the context of US regulatory actions. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the value of government-curated archives as leading indicators which can (a) provide insight into emergent technologies and (b) inform emergent regulatory science research questions. A variety of sources were used to gather data about the Juul® e-cigarette and the corporations that surround it. Sources included government agencies, published academic literature, non-profit organizations, corporate and retail websites, and the popular press. Data were disambiguated, authenticated, and categorized prior to being placed on a timeline of events. A timeline of four significant milestones, nineteen corporate filings and events, twelve US regulatory actions, sixty-four patent applications, eighty-seven trademark applications, twenty-three design patents and thirty-two utility patents related to Juul Labs and its associates is presented, spanning the years 2004 through 2020. This work demonstrates the probative value of findings from patent, trademark, and SEC filing literature in establishing a premise for emergent regulatory science research questions which may not yet be supported by traditional archival research literature. The methods presented here can be used to identify key aspects of emerging technologies before products actually enter the market; this shifting policy formulation and problem identification from a paradigm of being reactive in favor of becoming proactive. Such a proactive approach may permit anticipatory regulatory science research and ultimately shorten the elapsed time between market technology innovation and regulatory response.

The ABCs and beyond: Developing an operations research agenda on comprehensive behavior change approaches for HIV prevention: Report from a technical meeting

2003 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Research Questions

In April 2003, the Horizons Program sponsored a one-day technical meeting to develop and set priorities for an operations research agenda to study effective behavior change strategies for HIV risk reduction, particularly those that focus on the “ABC” behaviors: abstinence or delaying sex, being faithful or partner reduction, and condom use. Representatives from more than 20 organizations and programs involved in prevention research and programming discussed epidemiological, behavioral, psychosocial, and structural factors that may help determine the effectiveness of promoting the ABCs and other prevention programs. During the meeting, specific opportunities for collaborations and areas of particular interest for each group were discussed, with the goal of permitting each organization to focus on its strengths while working together toward similar outcomes. As noted in this report, the Horizons partnership plans to pursue some of the key operations research questions that were identified by the technical experts.

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