scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency in schizophrenia implications for COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
D. Viani-Walsh ◽  
S. Kennedy-Williams ◽  
D. Taylor ◽  
F. Gaughran ◽  
J. Lally
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory infection. There is an excess of respiratory infections and deaths in schizophrenia, a condition where vitamin D deficiency is especially prevalent. This potentially offers a modifiable risk factor to reduce the risk for and the severity of respiratory infection in people with schizophrenia, although there is as yet no evidence regarding the risk of COVID-19. In this narrative review, we describe the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in schizophrenia, report the research examining the relationship between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 and discuss the associations between vitamin D deficiency and respiratory infection, including its immunomodulatory mechanism of action.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Vitamin D Levels and Clinical Outcomes of Neonatal Sepsis in Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 698-703
Author(s):  
Kamsiah Kamsiah ◽  
Beby Syofiani Hasibuan ◽  
Karina Sugih Arto
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency in neonates is associated with neonatal sepsis incidence. It is also significantly correlated to the increased risk in the outcomes of sepsis, such as mortality, length of hospital stay, and use of ventilatory support. AIM: The aim of the study is to observe the relationship between Vitamin D levels and clinical outcomes of sepsis in the neonatal unit. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted to neonates in neonatology Haji Adam Malik hospital from June 2019 to February 2020. A Chi-square test was carried out to observe the relationship between Vitamin D levels and sepsis outcomes, and a Mann-Whitney test was done to assess the significance between Vitamin D levels and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Among 41 full-term and pre-term neonates, there were 75.6% (31/41) neonates with Vitamin D deficiency, while 24.4% (10/41) had normal Vitamin D levels and did not suffer from deficiency. The relationship of Vitamin D levels with mortality, use of ventilatory support, length of stay, and blood culture was p = 0.660 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.810–1.677), p = 0.013 (p < 0.05), p = 0.940 (median 21 days), and p =0.712 (95% CI = 0.623–1.353), respectively. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency had a significant relationship with ventilatory support requirement as one of the sepsis outcomes in neonates.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Cardiometabolic Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoxun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition. Low vitamin D levels have long been associated with bone diseases, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. However, it has become apparent in recent years that adequate vitamin D levels are also important for optimal functioning of many organs and tissues throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system. Evolving data indicate that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, and chronic vascular inflammation, all of which are risk factors for CVD. This paper reviews the definition and pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency, clinical evidence linking vitamin D and CVD risk, diabetes and its complications, and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Associations Between Serum Vitamin D and Adverse Pathology in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaw A. Nyame ◽  
Adam B. Murphy ◽  
Diana K. Bowen ◽  
Gregory Jordan ◽  
Ken Batai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Aggressiveness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Lower serum vitamin D levels have been associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Among men with localized prostate cancer, especially with low- or intermediate-risk disease, vitamin D may serve as an important biomarker of disease aggression. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adverse pathology at the time of radical prostatectomy and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out from 2009 to 2014, nested within a large epidemiologic study of 1,760 healthy controls and men undergoing prostate cancer screening. In total, 190 men underwent radical prostatectomy in the cohort. Adverse pathology was defined as the presence of primary Gleason 4 or any Gleason 5 disease, or extraprostatic extension. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between 25-OH D and adverse pathology at the time of prostatectomy. Results Eighty-seven men (45.8%) in this cohort demonstrated adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy. The median age in the cohort was 64.0 years (interquartile range, 59.0 to 67.0). On univariate analysis, men with adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy demonstrated lower median serum 25-OH D (22.7 v 27.0 ng/mL, P = .007) compared with their counterparts. On multivariate analysis, controlling for age, serum prostate specific antigen, and abnormal digital rectal examination, serum 25-OH D less than 30 ng/mL was associated with increased odds of adverse pathology (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.25 to 5.59; P = .01). Conclusion Insufficiency/deficiency of serum 25-OH D is associated with increased odds of adverse pathology in men with localized disease undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum 25-OH D may serve as a useful biomarker in prostate cancer aggressiveness, which deserves continued study.

scholarly journals Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141769784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian H. Heald ◽  
Simon G. Anderson ◽  
Jonathan J. Scargill ◽  
Andrea Short ◽  
David Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Older People ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Lower Vitamin

Introduction: There is increasing evidence concerning adverse health consequences of low vitamin D levels. We determined whether there is any surrogate for measuring vitamin D in people older than 70 years and the relation between index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and vitamin D levels. Methods: Blood samples from 241 patients were included in this analysis. Concurrent measurements for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and bone profile are reported. Results: The prevalence of total vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (defined as total vitamin D <50 nmol/L) was 57.5% overall. Even for patients with vitamin D deficiency, a significant proportion had PTH, normal calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels. For patients with vitamin D <25 nmol/L, 62.7% had a PTH within reference range, 83.1% had normal serum-adjusted calcium, 80.6% had normal phosphate, and 85.1% had a normal serum alkaline phosphatase. With increasing quintiles of IMD, there was a 22% increased risk of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency from quintiles 1 to 5, in age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.47]; p = .034). Conclusion: No other parameter is currently adequate for screening for vitamin D deficiency in older people. A higher IMD is associated with lower vitamin D levels in older people.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Chronic Renal Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1751-1757
Author(s):  
S. B. Dyussenova ◽  
M. Y. Gordiyenko ◽  
G. B. Serikova ◽  
S. A. Turlybekova ◽  
A. A. Issayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is essential for children and adults for healthy bone growth. Lack of this vitamin in children can cause rickets, and in adults, softening of the bones and an increased risk of fractures. Vitamin D deficiency can cause immune disorders, increased susceptibility to infections, the development of certain types of cancer, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. AIM: The article presents the literature data and the results of our own research on the analysis of the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Vitamin D provision in children from 1 to 17 years old. The aim of the study was to establish the level of Vitamin D in children with different stages of CKD. METHODS: Between January 2020 and September 2020, we examined 40 children (16 boys and 24 girls). The patients’ age ranged from 1 to 17 years inclusive. RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency was found in 62.5% of children with CKD. Vitamin D deficiency was noted in 25% of cases. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency correlates with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION: Determination of Vitamin D level in children with CKD is important for timely correction and prevention of further progression of CKD. Timely substitution therapy will improve the quality of life of a child with CKD and prevent the development of complications.

scholarly journals Are Vitamin D Deficiency and VDR Gene Polymorphisms Associated With Higher Blood Pressure Defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA in Postmenopausal Women?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A729-A729
Author(s):  
Betânia Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Gislaine Casanova ◽  
Thaís Rasia Silva ◽  
Lucas Bandeira Marchesan ◽  
Karen Oppermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms

Abstract Postmenopausal status has been associated with an unfavorable phenotype tied to hormonal and metabolic changes, which collectively could contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in postmenopausal women and may be linked to this phenotype and especially to an increased risk of developing hypertension. Vitamin D actions are modulated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and metabolic abnormalities have been associated with VDR gene variants in different populations. The aims of the present study were to assess the vitamin D levels, prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and genotypes of Fok-I, Bsm-I, Apa-I and Taq-I polymorphisms in the VDR gene and to determine whether vitamin D deficiency and VDR gene variants are associated with blood pressure levels and systemic arterial hypertension by the 2017 ACC/AHA definition in postmenopausal women. We conducted a cross-sectional study of biobanked blood samples from 339 postmenopausal women with no evidence of clinical disease. Blood pressure strata were defined according to the 2017 ACC/AHA cutoffs. Circulating 25(OH)D levels were considered deficient if &lt;20 ng/mL. Genotype analysis was performed by RT-PCR with allelic discrimination assays. Mean serum total 25(OH)D levels were 22.99±8.54 ng/mL, and 40.1% of participants were deficient in vitamin D. Overall, 7.7% had elevated blood pressure, 36.6% had stage 1 and 37.8% had stage 2 hypertension. Mean total (p=0.014) and free 25(OH)D levels (p=0.029) were lower in women with stage 2 hypertension than in those with normal blood pressure. The CC+CT genotypes of Bsm-I and the AA+AG genotypes of Taq-I polymorphisms were more frequent in women with stage 2 hypertension (Bsm-I CC+CT: 85.8% vs. TT: 14.2%, p=0.045; Taq-I AA+AG: 91.3% vs. GG: 8.7%, p=0.021). A higher prevalence ratio of stage 2 hypertension was associated with age (PR 1.058; 95%CI 1.033-1.083; p&lt;0.001), BMI (PR 1.046; 95%CI 1.025-1.068; p&lt;0.001), vitamin D deficiency (PR 1.333; 95%CI 1.016-1.749; p=0.038) and Taq-I polymorphism (PR 1.764; 95%CI 1.030-3.019; p=0.039). Women with vitamin D deficiency and the AA+AG genotype of Taq-I polymorphism were 33% and 76% more likely to have stage 2 hypertension, respectively, but these analyses lost significance when adjusted for age and BMI. In conclusion, the present results suggest that vitamin D deficiency and Taq-I polymorphism are associated with stage 2 hypertension, depending on age and BMI, in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Vitamin D supplementation –Is it the time to stop wasting money on vitamin D?

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shariq R Masoodi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years, vitamin D has received increased attention, as a number of studies have shown its link to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Apart from its benefits on bone health, vitamin D supplementation has been shown beneficial in reducing risk for many chronic diseases including autoimmune diseases, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, many cancers and infectious diseases. Vitamin deficiency has been associated with increased risk of elevated blood pressure, heart attack and stroke in studies. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the increased incidence of upper respiratory infections, asthma and eczema, among children, has been observed in several studies. Recent meta-analyzes showed a relationship between vitamin D administration during the early months of life and a lower incidence of type 1 diabetes later in life. Therefore, it is not surprising that Vitamin D supplementation is used to prevent and treat a wide range of diseases, and the use has increased considerably in the last decade.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency increases prostatic megalin expression and globulin-bound testosterone import, increasing prostatic androgens in African American men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Garcia ◽  
Kirsten Krieger ◽  
Candice Loitz ◽  
Lillian M Perez ◽  
Zachary A Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
African American Men ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency associates with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa) mortality and is hypothesized to contribute to PCa aggressiveness and disparities in African Americans. We reported a relationship between African-ancestry, circulating and intraprostatic vitamin D metabolites and prostatic expression of megalin, an endocytic membrane receptor that internalizes globulin-bound hormones. Here, we show that megalin imports sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone, potentially regulating intraprostatic hormone levels. Vitamin D levels regulated megalin expression in cell lines, patient-derived prostate epithelial cells, and prostate tissue explants, and mice with prostatic knockout of Lrp2 (megalin) showed reduced prostatic testosterone. Notably, prostatic 5α-dihydrotestosterone levels were higher in African American men and correlated inversely with serum vitamin D status, while megalin protein levels were reduced in PCa tissue. Our findings highlight the negative impact of vitamin D deficiency on PCa and the potential link to PCa disparities observed in African Americans.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in antenatal women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2302
Author(s):  
Anu Bala Chandel ◽  
Rita Mittal ◽  
Anoop Sharma ◽  
Shivika Mittal ◽  
Poonam Samyal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Preterm Labour ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Vitamin D has an increasingly recognised repertoire of non-classical actions, such as promoting insulin action and secretion, immune modulation and lung development. It therefore has the potential to influence many factors in the developing fetus. Several studies reported the relationship between maternal vitamin D deficiency and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labour, low birth weight and increased rate of caesarean section. The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in antenatal women of Shimla, India.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamla Nehru Hospital, Shimla, India over a period of 12 months. Six hundred women were included in the study.Results: Out of 600 subjects, 568 (94.67%) subjects had vitamin D deficiency and only 32 (5.33%) subjects had sufficient vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was more common in the vegetarians, dark skinned subjects and in those who were taking vitamin D supplements.Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that there is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in antenatal women of Shimla, India.

scholarly journals Low Vitamin D Levels Predict Mortality in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Niv Ben-Shabat ◽  
Abdulla Watad ◽  
Aviv Shabat ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Doron Comaneshter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
All Cause Mortality

In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of vitamin D deficiency on all-cause mortality in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and in the general population. This is a retrospective-cohort study based on the electronic database of the largest health-maintenance organization in Israel. AS patients who were first diagnosed between 2002–2007 were included. Controls were matched by age, gender and enrollment-time. Follow-up continued until death or end of study follow-up on 1 July 2019. Laboratory measures of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels during the entire follow-up period were obtained. A total of 919 AS patients and 4519 controls with a mean time of follow-up of 14.3 years were included. The mean age at the time of enrollment was 52 years, and 22% of them were females. AS was associated with a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio 1.27 [95% confidence-interval (CI) 1.03–1.58]). In AS patients, insufficient levels of vitamin D (<30 ng/mL) were significantly associated with increased incidence of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.59 [95% CI 1.02–2.50]). This association was more prominent with the decrease in vitamin D levels (< 20 ng/mL, HR 1.63 [95% CI 1.03–2.60]; <10 ng/mL, HR 1.79 [95% CI 1.01–3.20]) and among male patients (<30 ng/mL, HR 2.11 [95% CI 1.20–3.72]; <20 ng/mL, HR 2.12 [95% CI 1.19–3.80]; <10 ng/mL, HR 2.23 [95% CI 1.12–4.43]). However, inadequate levels of vitamin D among controls were not associated with an increased all-cause mortality. Our study has shown that vitamin D deficiency is more common in AS patients than controls and is linked to an increased risk for all-cause mortality. These results emphasize the need for randomized-controlled trials to evaluate the benefits of vitamin D supplementation as a secondary prevention of mortality in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease.

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