scholarly journals Political Divide, Weak Property Rights, and Infrastructure Provision: An Empirical Examination of Takings Decisions in Jerusalem

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Ronit Levine-Schnur
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Weak Property ◽  
Political Communities ◽  
Political Divide ◽  
The City

In this article I use a unique hand-coded dataset of all expropriation exercises in Jerusalem over a twenty-five-year period to test the distribution of the expropriation burden across political communities. I identify the ethnoreligious group to which the impacted landowner belongs and the community that would benefit from the decision. I find that Palestinian property constitutes 38 percent of all land taken over the years, while only 10 percent of all land taken has been repurposed for their local community needs. Conversely, Jewish owners have contributed only 4 percent of all land taken while benefiting from 33 percent of the land taken for their community needs. I also find that land not owned by Jews has a higher propensity to be taken for citywide purposes by ten to twenty-three times than Jewish land, depending on the purpose and the type of property rights involved. This sharp gap can be attributed to the political power relations in the city. The case study enables me to test the relationship between weak property rights and infrastructure provision. As property rights are formally recorded and recognized selectively in some but not in all parts of the city, the article provides the first empirical evidence to the effect of weak property rights on the risk of expropriation. I find that the propensity for noncommunity purpose takings of nonformalized land for which Palestinians claim ownership but have no official records to is significantly higher when compared to formalized Palestinian land. This outcome contradicts the conventional wisdom in the literature that weak property rights help explain limited infrastructure development.

Institutional environment creating for attracting investment into infrastructure: The cases of Russian regions

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Borshchevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Behavior Of Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Nenets Autonomous ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article examines the institutional process in a regional economy connected with the infrastructure development. We use the neoinstitutional approach to study factors that influence the behavior of government and business in their interaction in the economy. We also use statistical methods to analyze the dynamics of socio-economic development indicators of the subjects of the Russian Federation as well as the results of measures to attract private investment into infrastructure, including the PPP. We chose the city of Moscow and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District as two empirical case studies which differ in economic and geographic conditions, but both demonstrate success in attracting private investment and implementing infrastructure projects. Our conclusions are consistent with a theory that asserts the primacy of institutional environment in relation to project implementation. We make also some practical recommendations for the development of the institutional environment which are acceptable for all regions solving similar problems of infrastructure development.

Milestone solution for snow removal problem in Moscow

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Snow Removal ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
Deicing Agents

The main principle of the strategy for the complex improvement of the functioning of northern cities in winter, including their infrastructure development, is a comprehensive solution of the problem of industrial-scale snow-mass collection, removal and utilization at different areas of urban roadway networks. For its implementation in the capital of Russia, “MosvodokanalNIIproject” JSC developed in 2002 the Snow Removal Master Plan for the city of Moscow. The meteorological conditions in the city, which have changed considerably in the recent years, including the changes in the snow-cover depth and in the road-surface areas to be cleaned, as well as emerging of new technologies for the cleaning of urban streets, yards and sidewalks and some new types of deicing agents, resulted in the necessity to update the above-mentioned Snow Removal Master Plan developed for the city of Moscow. Efficient application of deicing agents is of special importance for its updating in the context of the environmental safety of the city in a winter period. The article considers the results of the implementation of the updated Snow Removal Master Plan and contains some proposals concerning snow removal under the conditions of extreme snowfalls.

KUALITAS PELAYANAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI KECAMATAN CIAWI, KABUPATEN BOGOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Muhamad Alfian ◽  
Nandang Saefudin Zenju ◽  
Irma Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
National Development ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
National Unity ◽  
The People ◽  
Driving Wheel ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
The City ◽  
Quality Infrastructure

Infrastructure development is an integral part of national development and the driving wheel of economic growth. Infrastructure also has an important role in strengthening national unity and unity (Bappenas: 2009). The banjarwaru, banjarwangi, and telukpinang highways are the access roads traversed by 8 villages including alternative routes for the cicurug-sukabumi area. This road is always passed by the people who headed to the city. Therefore, the benefits of this road is very important because it is often passed from the cicurug-sukabumi area due to the diversion of traffic flow so that the intensity of high road users.In this study the author uses the theory of Ridwan and Sudrajat. Quality of service is the level of incompatibility between expectations with customer desires and also the perceptions of these customers. Quality of service here can be assessed by looking at the dimensions. These dimensions include the quality of service, the ability of officials, and service convenience. During the observation to the community through the survey to direct approach with the community, most people complained that the development service to build the kecamatan should be further improved and the results of this study showed that the Quality Assessment of Service in Road Infrastructure Development in Ciawi Sub-district Bogor Regency is categorized Fair Good this is because the assessment of the quality of development services by the Subdistrict Apparatus itself and from the community assess the ability of District Officers still have to be improved in conducting the service and its implementation.Keywords: Service Quality, Infrastructure Development.

Community Development and Role of Tourism: A Case Study of Tourist Destination Manali in Himachal Pradesh (India)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agriculture Products

Tourism sector has a significant role in the economic development of our country. Tourism sector has contributed 6.88 percent to the GDP and has 12.36 percent share in employment (direct and indirect) in the year 2014. It has also a significant share in foreign exchange earnings. The benefit of tourism mostly goes to the local community (Sonya & Jacqueline, Mansour E. Zaei & Mahin E. Zaei, 2013). In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess how the tourism industry has created an opportunity for the economic, political, social and cultural development of the local community at Manali in Himachal Pradesh (India) and also tried to study the problems that are associated with the tourism in the region. The study found that the tourism industry has been extending its contribution for the development of local community at Manali. It has been providing employment, business and investment opportunities, revenue generation for the government, encouraging the community to promote and preserve its art, culture and heritage, raising the demand of agriculture products, provided opportunities for local people to run and work in the transport business and by promoting MSMEs in the region. Besides the opportunities, the tourism industry has also added many problems to the local community. Traffic congestion, increase in water and air pollution, solid waste generation, degradation of the cultural heritage, ecological imbalances, rise in cost of living, increase in crime, noise and environment pollution, migration of people to the region, negative impact on local culture, and extra pressure on civic services during the tourists season, are the problems associated with the tourism. The study suggest that effective management of natural resources, dissemination of environment protection information, involvement of local community in decision making, professionalization in the working of local administration, extending the support of government in sponsoring the events, infrastructure development, tracking records of migrants with the help of local community to curb the crime rate, promotion and preservation of art, culture and heritage, involvement of NGOs, compliance of the rules can make tourism more beneficial in the development of local community.

Metabolic response to temperature stress in the Colombian freshwater crab Neostrengeria macropa (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Indicator Group ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The City ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Freshwater crustaceans are distributed throughout the montane and lowland areas of Colombia, and are therefore a useful indicator group for how aquatic species will respond to climate change. As such, metabolic determination of physiological performance was evaluated for the Colombian pseudothelphusid crab, Neostrengeria macropa (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), over a temperature range inclusive of current temperatures and those predicted by future scenarios in the plateau around the city of Bogotá, namely from 8 °C to 30 °C. The performance results mostly aligned with previous exploratory behavioral determination of the ideal temperature range in the same species, although the metabolism increased at the highest temperature treatments, a point when exploratory behavior declined. These results indicate that this species of montane crab behaviorally compensates for increased thermal stress by decreasing its physical activity, which could have negative predator-prey consequences with changes to community structure as different species undergo climate-mediated geographic range shifts in the region. As this species is endemic to the plateau surrounding Bogotá, it also experiences a number of other stressors to its survival, including infrastructure development and invasive species.

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Analysis of the Mass Tourism Management Model Related to the Impact on the Local Community in Constanta City (Romania)

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Catalin Anton ◽  
Angela-Eliza Micu ◽  
Eugen Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Management Model ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Traditionally and socially, the tourism in Constanta is considered to be important to the local economy. Sun and beach locations are both a draw for locals and tourists to the city, on the Black Sea. However, vacation-oriented activities in the city only have a seasonal cycle. In this paper, we proposed to analyze the mass tourist activity in Constanta, taking into account economic, social, and environmental conditions. Additionally, we attempted to build a model based on the data available. The model was developed using a PESTEL analysis to determine the supportability factor of the indicators identified. We also set out to create a projection of the activities proposed for analysis by 2050. To create a model for coastal areas, the data used in this research must be accurate and consistent. Furthermore, correctly identifying indicators and their relationships is a critical step in conducting a thorough study. Last but not least, finding the calculation coefficient for the activity in question is critical, as collecting data from various activities might be challenging when trying to find a feasible model.

scholarly journals Property Rights and Finance

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1335-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Johnson ◽  
John McMillan ◽  
Christopher Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Weak Property ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Retained Earnings

Which is the tighter constraint on private sector investment: weak property rights or limited access to external finance? From a survey of new firms in post-communist countries, we find that weak property rights discourage firms from reinvesting their profits, even when bank loans are available. Where property rights are relatively strong, firms reinvest their profits; where they are relatively weak, entrepreneurs do not want to invest from retained earnings.

Transitional Property Rights and Local Developmental History in China

Urban Studies ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Societal Development ◽  
Weak Property ◽  
Centrally Planned Economy

Among the societies that are moving from a centrally planned economy with weak property rights towards a market-oriented economy with stronger and more privatised property rights, China is undergoing an especially rapid and extensive urbanisation that obscures the diversity and relevance of local pre-Reform property arrangements. Official discourse emphasises the formalisation, clarification and, to some extent, the privatisation of property rights in the name of overall societal development and gradual integration with the global economy. In local informal, popular practice and discourse, however, the invocation of property rights reflects the continuing political relevance of both revolutionary and traditional notions of rights to urban space that challenge a unitary, linear view of the development process.

TRENDS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-701
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Whole Child ◽  
American Legion ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
The City ◽  
Sufficient Food ◽  
Suitable Environment

DURING the week preceding Labor Day, the American Legion invaded the City of Brotherly Love for its 31st Annual Convention. During the shouting and tumult, there emerged a highly significant proposal for improved child health. The Legion's Committee on Child Welfare presented the following resolution which was approved by the Convention: "The children of America are its greatest asset and the Legion is interested in those children. Not only the children of veterans, but all children. We must make certain that every child has sufficient food to be nourished properly daily and a suitable environment in which to grow into healthy and useful manhood or womanhood. We will not be discouraged by any temporary obstacle that may be cast in the way. The command is forward and our efforts in conserving our country's greatest asset will be the insurement of peace and prosperity for the future citizens of America. "Wheras, The National Child Welfare Program of the American Legion has always been a `whole child' program and has always been interested in child health, and "Whereas, There is abundant evidence that all children are not receiving the health and medical services which they need, and "Whereas, We believe the proper emphasis for improving medical care for children should come from the local community, now, "Therefore Be It Resolved, That The American Legion cooperate with the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics and other reputable health and medical organizations and agencies in the development of a program for improved child health based on community action under community leadership."

Chicago's Pragmatic Planners

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-317
Author(s):  
Sudhir Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Community Area ◽  
The City ◽  
Grid Layout

Chicago is amythic city. Its representation in the popular imagination is varied and has included, at various times, the attributes of a blue-collar town, a city in a garden, and a gangster's paradise. Myths of Chicago “grow abundantly between fact and emotion,” and they selectively and simultaneously evoke and defer attributes of the city. For one perduring myth, social scientists may be held largely responsible: namely, that Chicago is “one of the most planned cities of themodern era,” with a street grid, layout of buildings and waterways, and organization of its residential and commercial architecture that reveal a “geometric certainty” (Suttles 1990). The lasting scholarly fascination with Chicago's geography derives in part from the central role that social scientists played in constructing the planned city. In the 1920s,University of Chicago sociologist Ernest Burgess worked with his colleagues in other social science disciplines to divide the city into communities and neighborhoods. This was a long and deliberate process based on large-scale “social surveys” of several thousand city inhabitants.Their work as members of the Local Community Research Committee (LCRC) produced the celebrated Chicago “community area”—that is, 75 mutually exclusive geographic areas of human settlement, each of which is portrayed as being socially and culturally distinctive.

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