The Cannero Castle (Italy): Development of Radiocarbon Dating Methodologies in the Framework of the Layered Double Hydroxide Mortars

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Ricci ◽  
Michele Secco ◽  
Fabio Marzaioli ◽  
Filippo Terrasi ◽  
Isabella Passariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Lake Maggiore ◽  
Energy Dispersive Microanalysis ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Double Hydroxide

ABSTRACTThe mortar samples of the Castle of Cannero (Lake Maggiore, Italy) have been characterized and radiocarbon (14C) dated. The presence of LDH phases was identified. The hydraulic reaction was evaluated by a multi-analytical approach. Careful extraction, preparation and purification of the binder fraction have been performed. Contaminations due to LDH phases have been removed allowing reliable absolute dating of the structures.Non-hydraulic lime-based mortars represent only part of the binding materials found in archaeological and historical structures, and a new challenge is the application of 14C dating techniques on mortars that feature hydraulic reactions. This research work aims at 14C dating a series of Mg-rich hydraulic mortars from the Castle of Cannero (Lake Maggiore, Italy), from which both charcoals and mortar samples were collected. A multi-analytical approach employing X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive microanalysis (SEM-EDS) was adopted in order to carefully characterize the samples. A wet gravimetric separation for the extraction of the fine fraction mainly composed by the mortar binder was carried out and the binder fraction was characterized by XRPD in order to investigate the presence of contaminants. The binding fractions are characterized by the widespread occurrence of hydrotalcite-type minerals, considered contaminants in 14C dating of mortars because of their capability to exchange carbonate anions even after the hardening process. A further purification treatment by thermal decomposition was performed before 14C dating by AMS. The obtained dates were consistent with archaeological expectations, confirming the potential of the developed purification methodology for hydraulic mortars dating.

scholarly journals Rapid Screening and Quantitative Analysis of 74 Pesticide Residues in Herb by Retention Index Combined with GC-QQQ-MS/MS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Peng Tan ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Xi-Chuan Wei ◽  
Hao-Zhou Huang ◽  
Ding-Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

In this research, a very practical QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS analytical approach for 74 pesticide residues in herb based on retention index was established. This novel analytical approach has two important technical advantages. One advantage is to quickly screen pesticide compounds in herbs without having to use a large number of pesticide standard substances at the beginning of the experiment. The other advantage is to assist in identifying the target pesticide compound accurately. A total of 74 kinds of pesticides were quickly prescreened in all chuanxiong rhizoma samples. The results showed that three kinds of pesticides were screened out in all the samples, including chlorpyrifos, fipronil, and procymidone, and the three pesticides were qualitatively and quantitatively determined. The RSD values for interday and intraday variation were acquired to evaluate the precision of the analytical approach, and the overall interday and intraday variations are not more than 1.97% and 3.82%, respectively. The variations of concentrations of the analyzed three pesticide compounds in sample CX16 are 0.74%–4.15%, indicating that the three pesticides in the sample solutions were stable in 48 h. The spiked recoveries of the three pesticides are 95.22%, 93.03%, and 94.31%, and the RSDs are less than ± 6.0%. The methodological verification results indicated the good reliability and accuracy of the new analytical method. This research work is a new application of retention index, and it will be a valuable tool to assist quickly and accurately in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of multipesticide residues in herbs.

scholarly journals Test Results of Fine Sediment Fractions from the Tell el-Farkha Archaeological Site, Nile Delta, Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Maciej Pawlikowski ◽  
Edyta Słowioczek
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Fine Sediment ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

The Tell el-Farkha site is located immediately to the north of the modern village of Ghazalah and occupies an area of c. 4.5ha. It is marked by three hills: the Eastern Kom, Central Kom and Western Kom. This research will focus on the profile of the layers of sediment. These studies are important because they are innovative and contain information on the history of the site. Research work was conducted on site and produced graphs showing the composition of individual microartefacts within the sediment. Samples were taken from each profile layer then dissolved and sifted to obtain fine fractions. Laboratory work focused on the calculation of the percentage of different microartefacts in each sifted fine fraction. Photographs of selected microartefacts (bones, ceramics, carbon, quartz, and others) were taken using a binocular magnifier at 20x magnification. The examination of this material has provided both new and valuable information concerning the functioning and development of the archaeo-logical site.

scholarly journals Preliminary Studies of Ca-Al-Layered Double Hydroxide (Ldh) and Its Effect on the Compressive Strength in Concrete

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-151
Author(s):  
Archibong Ukeme Donatus ◽  
Ojeagah Kenneth ◽  
Michael Christopher Ukuegboho ◽  
I. E. Chiedu ◽  
Obasuyi Emmanuel Idemudia
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Concrete Control

This research work involved the preliminary studies of CaAl-LDHs using co precipitation method and applying it in the preparation of concrete to evaluate the compressive strength in grade 15 concrete. Slum and compressive strength test were carried out on the concrete control and concrete mixed with CaAl-LDH, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractogram (XRD) was carried out on the synthesize LDH, concrete control, and concrete mixed with LDH. From the results obtained in the work failure load test, it was observed that there was an increase by 62.60% in the compressive strength of concrete mixed with 30kg of CaAl-LDHs, the SEM micrograph also shows the increase in the density and the less porosity of the concrete mixed with CaAl-LDH which explained the increase in the compressive strength of the concrete. CaAl-LDH has therefore shows a promising effect on the increase on the compressive strength of concrete.

scholarly journals Магнитные свойства нанокристаллов Bi-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Ca-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-FeO-=SUB=-3-delta-=/SUB=-

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.А. Ломанова ◽  
М.В. Томкович ◽  
А.В. Осипов ◽  
В.В. Панчук ◽  
В.Г. Семенов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Dispersive Microanalysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Glycine Nitrate Combustion ◽  
Bismuth Orthoferrite

Nanocrystalline magnetically ordered materials based on Ca-doped bismuth orthoferrite were synthesized by glycine-nitrate combustion method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, helium pycnometry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, scanning electron microscopy and elemental energy dispersive microanalysis. It was shown that all samples were isostructural to bismuth orthoferrite. The particles of nanopowders (with average particle size of about 0.3 m) were composed of nanocrystals (with average crystallite size of about 40 nm). The difference between magnetic properties of Ca-doped samples and pure bismuth orthoferrite were demonstrated by Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetometry. It was found that the samples contain nanocrystals with modified magnetic parameters and a small amount of fine fraction of other phases with a magnetic order.

The Causes of al-‘Ilāl According to Al-Bazzār in his Book al-Bahru’z-Zakhār “An Applied Study”

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (- 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Qadir ◽  
F. Gorashi
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Valuable Book ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Core Part

Critics among the traditionalists “Muhadditheen” defectify Hadith on the basis of certain reasons associated to a particular Hadith. This research work specifies the scholarly work done by the great critic, Imam Bazzar in the field of Hadith defection provided in his valuable book Musnad Al-Bazzar (Collection of Prophetic traditions).  The entire research work is divided into three main parts. The first part provides a brief introduction of the author, and his book "Musnad al-Bazzar ". The second part describes the science of Hadith Defection “ ‘Ilal”  and overview of the writings on the subject. The third part is the core part of this research work, identifying the causes of Hadith Defection “ ‘Ilal” adopted by Imam Bazzar, in addition to the illustrative examples, as well as the study of defectification in the light of rules laid down by the well-known critics and traditionalists ‘Muhadditheen’. The Research Methodology I have adopted here is descriptive analytical approach towards methods of Hadith collection, reviewing them and extracting the cause of defect in the light of methodology adopted by Imam Bazzar. The researcher concludes that the causes of Hadith Defection adopted by Bazzar are uniqueness, illusion, defilement, divergences in attribution, interval, Concealment and conduct.

Using the domain analytical approach in the study of information practices in biomedicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-986
Author(s):  
Annikki Roos ◽  
Turid Hedlund
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Biomedical Domain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scientific Domain ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Information Practices ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Task Uncertainty

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the information practices of the researchers in biomedicine using the domain analytical approach. Design/methodology/approach The domain analytical research approach used in the study of the scientific domain of biomedicine leads to studies into the organization of sciences. By using Whitley’s dimensions of “mutual dependence” and “task uncertainty” in scientific work as a starting point the authors were able to reanalyze previously collected data. By opening up these concepts in the biomedical research work context, the authors analyzed the distinguishing features of the biomedical domain and the way these features affected researchers’ information practices. Findings Several indicators representing “task uncertainty” and “mutual dependence” in the scientific domain of biomedicine were identified. This study supports the view that in biomedicine the task uncertainty is low and researchers are mutually highly dependent on each other. Hard competition seems to be one feature, which is behind the explosion of the data and publications in this domain. This fact, on its part is directly related to the ways information is searched, followed, used and produced. The need for new easy to use services or tools for searching and following information in so called “hot” topics came apparent. Originality/value The study highlights new information about information practices in the biomedical domain. Whitley’s theory enabled a thorough analysis of the cultural and social nature of the biomedical domain and it proved to be useful in the examination of researchers’ information practices.

scholarly journals Micromagnetic Analysis of Thermally Induced Influences on Surface Integrity Using the Burning Limit Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Heinzel ◽  
Daniel Sackmann ◽  
Bernhard Karpuschewski
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Process Measurements

Particularly for highly stressed components, it is important to have precise knowledge of the surface and subsurface properties and, thus, of the functional properties after final grinding at the end of a complex process chain in order to avoid rejected parts. Therefore, non-destructive testing methods have been the subject of research for several years. The Barkhausen noise analysis, as a micromagnetic measuring method, has the potential to characterize the subsurface area up to an analyzing depth δ non-destructively with micromagnetic parameters. In addition to micromagnetic multiparameter approaches, which allow post-process mode clear statements about the subsurface area state, the present research work deals with the concept of a connection of a single Barkhausen noise parameter with grinding process parameters. In combination with the analytical approach of Malkin for the thermal surface and subsurface area influence, which is based on the process parameters of grinding processes, a distinction between good and rejected ground parts can be achieved. The results show that, by post-process measurements of the Barkhausen noise on case-hardened workpieces made of steel 18CrNiMo7-6 (No. 1.6587, AISI 4820) and machined by a cylindrical grinding process, incipient changes in the residual stress state up to industrial-relevant limits, which distinguish between good and rejected parts, is possible. In the future, a combination of the Malkin grinding burning limit and sufficient condition monitoring based on in-process measurements of Barkhausen noise will be investigated. The application limits of the analytical approach of Malkin as well as the measurement of the Barkhausen noise in-process have to be determined.

scholarly journals A Simplified Strengthening Methodology for Minaret Structures in Turkey: Hagia Sophia Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Kasım A. Korkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Time History ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Frp Composite ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hagia Sophia

 Considering various types of historical buildings in Turkey, mosqs are the most common ones. Mosqs have minaret structures standing along next to the main body with dome. The minaret buildings with their own architectural and structural characteristics, are representing the cultural and historical change in different periods over the centruies. Minarets from Ottomon period are the most widespread ones in Turkey. With its cultural synthesis through out the history, minarets from Ottomon period differ from the others with structural capability. Since Turkey is a earthquke prone country, it is very important to make existing historical structures stronger against to the seismic loads. Recently, historical structures have been strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. There are numerous of research studies are available related with strengthening using FRP composites. From this standing point, in this research, a simplified and practicale strengthening methodlogy is proposed. For the investigation Hagia Sophia Minaret structures has been used as a case study. In the analysis part, Hagia Sophia Minaret structures have been investigated through time history analyses before and after FRP composite strengthening. As a result of the present research work, displacements and stress values are determined for comparison of the structural behavior of minaret structures.

scholarly journals Use of Mining Waste to Produce Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2457
Author(s):  
Jesús Suárez González ◽  
Iñigo Lopez Boadella ◽  
Fernando López Gayarre ◽  
Carlos López-Colina Pérez ◽  
Miguel Serrano López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
By Products ◽  
High Performance Fibre

This research work analyses the influence of the use of by-products from a fluorite mine to replace the fine fraction of natural aggregates, on the properties of Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). Replacing natural aggregates for different kinds of wastes is becoming common in concrete manufacturing and there are a number of studies into the use of waste from the construction sector in UHPFRC. However, there is very little work concerning the use of waste from the mining industry. Furthermore, most of the existing studies focus on granite wastes. So, using mining sand waste is an innovative alternative to replace natural aggregates in the manufacture of UHPFRC. The substitutions in this study are of 50%, 70% and 100% by volume of 0–0.5 mm natural silica sand. The results obtained show that the variations in the properties of consistency, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength, among others, are acceptable for substitutions of up to 70%. Therefore, fluorite mining sand waste is proved to be a viable alternative in the manufacturing of UHPFRC.

Enumeration and Identification of Asbestos Fibres in Water

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mudroch ◽  
J. R. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Research Work ◽  
List Type ◽  
The West ◽  
Asbestos Fibre ◽  
Amphibole Asbestos

Approximately 60,000 tons per day of waste from taconite mining, tailing, are added to the west arm of Lake Superior at Silver Bay. Tailings contain nearly the same amount of quartz and amphibole asbestos, cummingtonite and actinolite in fibrous form. Cummingtonite fibres from 0.01μm in length have been found in the water supply for Minnesota municipalities.The purpose of the research work was to develop a method for asbestos fibre counts and identification in water and apply it for the enumeration of fibres in water samples collected(a) at various stations in Lake Superior at two depth: lm and at the bottom.(b) from various rivers in Lake Superior Drainage Basin.

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