Within-pair Similarity in MZ and DZ Twins from Birth to Eighteen Years of Age

1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Alin Åkerman ◽  
S. Fischbein
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis study is based on 145 pairs of twins included in a longitudinal study of a cohort of singletons born in 1953 and living in the Stockholm metropolitan area in 1963. Of these 145 pairs, 28 were classified as MZ, 103 as DZ and 14 pairs could not be classified. School achievement and ability test results have been collected for this group as well as data for the boys from physical and mental examinations on enrollment to military service. The purpose of this study was to compare within-pair similarity for MZ and DZ twins from birth onwards. There seems to be a divergent trend over time for MZ twin pairs to become more similar and DZ twin pairs to become less similar in height growth, school achievement and verbal ability. This is in accordance with previous research in this field. In relating similarity within pairs to birthweight, we found a drop in within-pair similarity for low birthweight MZ and DZ twin pairs (both twins ≤2.500 g), but not for normal weight twin pairs. A discussion is initiated concerning methodological implications of these results.

Resilience and Depression in Military Service: Evidence From the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Orak ◽  
Alper Kayaalp ◽  
Mark H Walker ◽  
Kevin Breault
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Military Members ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Introduction Research indicates that military service involves stressors that may be related to depression. However, the military provides financial, educational, psychological, and social advantages that may help to mitigate the effects of service-related stressors. Because most prior research was based on cross-sectional data or small clinical samples, we explored individual-level trajectories of depression over time. Methods Data came from the restricted-use version of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in four survey waves from 1994 to 2008, with a total of 1,112 service members, of whom 231 were female, and a total sample size of 13,544. Statistical estimation employed the multilevel growth curve modeling approach. Results Individuals who later served in the military had lower rates of depression than their civilian counterparts at year 1 of the study, and rates of depression decreased consistently for both groups throughout the study. Service members ended up with the same level of depression compared to civilians (year 14). Sex, race and parental education were unrelated to depression, and no evidence was found for the hypothesis that the military functions as a “bridging environment” to reduce depression by providing a more attractive alternative compared to civilian life. Conclusions Individuals who were less depressed at year 1 of the study were more likely to enlist into the military. While both civilians and service members displayed decreasing depression over the years of the study, military members had less decrease in depression over time beginning at a lower level of depression than civilian. Taken together, the minor differences in depression between the civilian and military samples and the lower level of depression among military members at the beginning of the study suggest that military service selects against higher levels of depression at the start of service and, given the known stressors related to the military, membership in the service may be associated with resilience to depression.

scholarly journals A 9-year longitudinal study on trajectories of aggressive and depressive symptoms in male and female children with overweight

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Cerniglia ◽  
Silvia Cimino ◽  
Michela Erriu ◽  
Stanislav Jezek ◽  
Carlos A. Almenara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Child Behavior Check List ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives The aim of this four waves 9-year longitudinal study was to examine aggressive/depressive symptoms trajectories in a sample of N = 90 children with overweight and a matched group of children with normal weight (subjects balanced by sex and sociodemographic characteristics). Weight and height were measured by pediatricians to calculate body mass index (BMI). Aggressive/depressive symptoms were measured through the Child Behavior Check-List filled out by children’s parents. Multilevel modeling was used to obtain the best fitting curves describing the change over time in aggression and depression scores. These analyses were performed by sex and group. Results Children with overweight showed a general increase of aggressive symptoms over time, with a peak at 8 years of age in males, whereas scores of the control group decreased over time both in males and in females. Female children with overweight showed increasing levels of depressive symptoms, with a peak at 8 years of age; children with normal weight, instead, showed low scores at all assessment points. The results highlight the importance of considering the developmental trajectories of aggression and depression in children of different weight status.

Children's Competence and the Agreement and Stability of Self and Child-Descriptions

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel A. G. van Aken ◽  
Cornelis F. M. van Lieshout
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Peer Competence ◽  
Longitudinal Model ◽  
Over Time

In a longitudinal study CCQ-descriptions of children aged 7 to 12 were given by teachers, mothers, peers, and the child him/herself. The consistency of self-and child-descriptions, over time and over environments, was indicated by consensus (agreement in child-descriptions between pairs of referent persons), mutuality (agreement between a child's self-description and descriptions by referent persons), and stability (consistency of descriptions over a period of time). A longitudinal model was tested in which the consistency of self-and child-descriptions was expected to have a causal relation with two aspects of competence, i.e. school achievement and peer competence. The resulting model showed stability over time of the latent variable "consistency of self-and child-descriptions", formed by the three groups of consistency-indices. A small, reciprocal relation between the consistency of self-and child-descriptions and school achievement was found. A strong effect of this consistency on the peer competence of a child was found. In addition, intelligence of the child was found to have a considerable effect on the consistency of self-and child-descriptions. These results suggest the importance of consistency in the ideas of various referent persons in the development of competence on different domains.

School Achievement and Adult Qualifications among Adoptees: A Longitudinal Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Maughan ◽  
Stephan Collishaw ◽  
Andrew Pickles
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
School Achievement

Use of Phosphatidylcholine in the Treatment of Localized Fat Deposits. Results and expectations

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Berbece ◽  
Dan Iliescu ◽  
Valeriu Ardeleanu ◽  
Alexandru Nicolau ◽  
Radu Cristian Jecan
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Basic Substance ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Over Time

Obesity represents a global health problem. According to the latest studies released by the World Health Organisation (WHO), 1.7 billion currently in excess of normal weight individuals, of which approx. 75% are overweight (body mass index - BMI 25 to 30). The common form of excess adipose tissue manifestation in overweight individuals is localized fat deposits with high (abdominal) or low (buttocks and thighs) disposition. Although the overweight can be corrected relatively easy by changing behavioral habits or food, a constant physical exercises program or following a diet food are not accessible to all through the efforts of will, financial and time involved. Several methods have been studied and tested over time to eliminate more or less invasive fat deposits with varying efficacy and adverse effects. Chemical lipolysis using phosphatidylcholine as the basic substance was initially used in hypercholesterolemia and its complications and was rapidly adopted in mesotherapy techniques for the treatment of fat deposits. This study reveals the results obtained using Dermastabilon on a sample of 16 patients, the time allocated to treatment and discomfort being minimal, and rapid and notable results. There were no side effects.

Multiple Selves and Multitasking: A Dynamic Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 009365022199149
Author(s):  
Shan Xu ◽  
Zheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Multiple Selves ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Over Time

This study integrates the theory of multiple selves within the theoretical framework of dynamic motivational activation (DMA) to identify the dynamic patterns of multiple self-concepts (i.e., the potential self, the actual self) in multitasking (e.g., primary and secondary activities) in daily life. A three-week experience sampling study was conducted on college students. Dynamic panel modeling results suggest that the self-concepts are both sustaining and shifting in daily activities and media activities. Specifically, the potential and actual selves sustained themselves over time in primary and secondary activities, but they also shifted from one to another to achieve a balance in primary activities over time. Interestingly, secondary activities were not driven by the alternative self-concept in primary activities, but instead, by the emotional experiences of primary activities. Furthermore, the findings identified that multitasking to fulfill their actual self did not motivate people to re-prioritize their potential self later.

Assessing the Development of Operator Trust in Automation: A Longitudinal Study of an Autonomous Campus Shuttle

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1421-1425
Author(s):  
Margaret Fowler ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar ◽  
Bob Brydia
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Trust In Automation ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

A large public tier-1 university hosted an autonomous vehicle on campus for a 12-week demonstration. Throughout the deployment, the vehicle was operated autonomously and used 5 safety operators from the student population to take over shuttle operations, as necessary. Daily and weekly surveys as well as pre-and post-study interviews were used to investigate how operators’ trust developed and changed over time as well as the relationship between trust and operational issues that varied in severity. Results revealed that there was not a significant relationship between trust and severity of operational issues. Trust levels appeared to remain relatively consistent before, during and after the deployment.

Relations between child self-control, maternal relational frustration, and teacher–child conflict: a longitudinal study with children from dual-earner families

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tiago Ferreira ◽  
Joana Cadima ◽  
Marisa Matias ◽  
Teresa Leal ◽  
Paula Mena Matos
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This longitudinal study follows children from dual-earner families in 4 time-points, covering the early childhood period. We examined the influence of work–family conflict (WFC) on maternal relational frustration (RF) towards the child, and investigated the reciprocal relations among maternal RF, children's self-control (SC), and teacher–child (TC) conflict over time. Participants were 214 children (97 girls; M age = 4.00 years), their mothers, and teachers. Mothers reported their own WFC and RF, whereas teachers reported child SC and T-C conflict. Results from a cross-lagged panel model indicated the experience of WFC positively predicted maternal RF. Maternal RF and T-C conflict were negatively related to the child later SC abilities. Conversely, children who displayed SC difficulties were more likely to experience later maternal RF and T-C conflict. There was evidence supporting the bidirectional effects of child SC and T-C conflict across time. Moreover, maternal RF and T-C conflict were indirectly linked, via child SC. The findings are consistent with a transactional view of development, stressing the importance of contextual factors to the quality of caregiving relationships and highlighting the complex and reciprocal relations between child regulatory competence and the quality of relationships with distinct caregivers.

scholarly journals Compassion toward others and self-compassion predict mental and physical well-being: a 5-year longitudinal study of 1090 community-dwelling adults across the lifespan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Lee ◽  
Tushara Govind ◽  
Marina Ramsey ◽  
Tsung Chin Wu ◽  
Rebecca Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThere is growing interest in the role of compassion in promoting health and well-being, with cross-sectional data showing an inverse correlation with loneliness. This is the first longitudinal study examining both compassion toward others (CTO) and compassion toward self (CTS) as predictors of mental and physical health outcomes including loneliness, across adult lifespan. We followed 552 women and 538 men in San Diego County for up to 7.5 (mean 4.8 and SD 2.2) years, using validated rating scales for CTO, CTS, and loneliness. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to examine age- and sex-related trajectories of CTO and CTS over time. Linear regression models were used to evaluate baseline and longitudinal relationships of CTO and CTS with mental well-being, physical well-being, and loneliness. CTS and CTO were weakly intercorrelated. Women had higher baseline CTO than men. While CTO was stable over time and across the lifespan, CTS scores had an inverse U-shaped relationship with age, peaking around age 77. There were significant baseline × slope interactions of both CTO and CTS predicting improvements in physical well-being in adults <60 years old. Increases in CTO and CTS predicted improvements in mental well-being. Higher baseline CTO and CTS as well as increases in CTO and CTS scores predicted lower loneliness scores at follow-up. Thus, CTO and CTS were associated with better mental well-being and loneliness across the adult lifespan, and physical well-being in younger adults, and are promising targets for interventions to improve health outcomes.

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