Assessing the Development of Operator Trust in Automation: A Longitudinal Study of an Autonomous Campus Shuttle

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1421-1425
Author(s):  
Margaret Fowler ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar ◽  
Bob Brydia
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Trust In Automation ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

A large public tier-1 university hosted an autonomous vehicle on campus for a 12-week demonstration. Throughout the deployment, the vehicle was operated autonomously and used 5 safety operators from the student population to take over shuttle operations, as necessary. Daily and weekly surveys as well as pre-and post-study interviews were used to investigate how operators’ trust developed and changed over time as well as the relationship between trust and operational issues that varied in severity. Results revealed that there was not a significant relationship between trust and severity of operational issues. Trust levels appeared to remain relatively consistent before, during and after the deployment.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of the stress of poor glucose control and diabetes distress

2019 ◽  
pp. 135910531989300
Author(s):  
Christina M Marengo ◽  
Benjamin D Aronson ◽  
Kelley J Sittner ◽  
Melissa L Walls
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Path Analysis Model

Poor glucose control can be viewed as a stressor, possibly promulgating diabetes distress. We examined the relationship between perceived blood glucose control and diabetes distress over time using a partially controlled cross-lagged path analysis model. After controlling for demographics, control at 6 months was directly related to change in distress at 12 months. Subsequently, distress at 12 months was directly related to change in control at 18 months. Both 6-month control and distress had significant indirect effects on 18-month control and distress. This demonstrates the nuanced bi-directional relationship between the stress of poor perceived control and diabetes distress.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Depression when Controlling for Neuroticism

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Mu ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Sven Rieger ◽  
Ulrich Trautwein ◽  
Brent W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Confounding Variable ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Much research has examined the interplay of depression and self-esteem in an effort to determine whether depression causes self-esteem (scar model), or vice versa (vulnerability model). In the current longitudinal study (N = 2,318), we tested whether neuroticism served as a confounding variable that accounted for the association of depression and self-esteem, using both cross-lag models and latent growth models. We found neuroticism accounted for the majority of covariance between depression and self-esteem, to the degree that the scar and vulnerability models appear to be inadequate explanations for the relation between depression and self-esteem. Alternatively, neuroticism appears to be a viable cause of both depression and self-esteem and could explain prior work linking the two constructs over time.

scholarly journals Extroversion and Conscientiousness Predict Deteriorating Job Outcomes During the COVID-19 Transition to Enforced Remote Work

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110390
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Evans ◽  
M. Christina Meyers ◽  
Philippe P. F. M. Van De Calseyde ◽  
Olga Stavrova
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Job Outcomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Deteriorating Job ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations around the world rapidly transitioned to enforced remote work. We examined the relationship between personality and within-person changes in five job outcomes (self-reported performance, engagement, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intentions) during this transition. We conducted a four-wave longitudinal study, from May to August 2020, of employees working from home due to COVID-19, N = 974. On average, self-reported performance decreased over the course of the study, whereas the other outcomes remained stable. There was also significant between-person variability in job outcomes. Extroversion and conscientiousness, two traits traditionally associated with desirable outcomes, were associated with deteriorating outcomes over time. Extroverted employees and conscientious employees became less productive, less engaged, and less satisfied with their jobs; and extroverted employees reported increasing burnout. These results add to our understanding of how personality predicts within-person changes in performance, well-being, and turnover intentions during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Internalizing and externalizing problems in immigrant boys and girls

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Paalman ◽  
Lieke van Domburgh ◽  
Gonneke Stevens ◽  
Robert Vermeiren ◽  
Peter van de Ven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Estimating Equations ◽  
Prevention And Intervention ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Generalized Estimating

This longitudinal study explores differences between native Dutch and immigrant Moroccan adolescents in the relationship between internalizing and externalizing problems across time. By using generalized estimating equations (GEE), the strength and stability of associations between internalizing and externalizing problems in 159 Moroccan and 159 Dutch adolescents was studied over a period of 4 years. No differences in strength of co-occurring problems were found between Moroccan and Dutch adolescents. However, for Moroccan adolescents, associations between problems increased over time, whereas in Dutch adolescents, associations remained stable. The increase of co-occurring problems may be a result of undertreatment and increasing complexity of problems in Moroccans during adolescence. The results of this study imply that investigating processes leading to co-occurring problems in subgroups of adolescents, such as immigrant youths, is needed to optimize prevention and intervention efforts.

scholarly journals Social Networks and Memory over 15 Years of Followup in a Cohort of Older Australians: Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne C. Giles ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey ◽  
Ruth B. Walker ◽  
Mary A. Luszcz
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Lower Tertile ◽  
Australian Longitudinal Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cognitively Intact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Over Time

The purpose was to examine the relationship between different types of social networks and memory over 15 years of followup in a large cohort of older Australians who were cognitively intact at study baseline. Our specific aims were to investigate whether social networks were associated with memory, determine if different types of social networks had different relationships with memory, and examine if changes in memory over time differed according to types of social networks. We used five waves of data from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and followed 706 participants with an average age of 78.6 years (SD 5.7) at baseline. The relationships between five types of social networks and changes in memory were assessed. The results suggested a gradient of effect; participants in the upper tertile of friends or overall social networks had better memory scores than those in the mid tertile, who in turn had better memory scores than participants in the lower tertile. There was evidence of a linear, but not quadratic, effect of time on memory, and an interaction between friends’ social networks and time was apparent. Findings are discussed with respect to mechanisms that might explain the observed relationships between social networks and memory.

scholarly journals The Interrelated Roles of Mass Media and Social Media in Adolescents’ Development of an Objectified Self-Concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vandenbosch ◽  
Steven Eggermont
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Objectification ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Appearance Ideals

Previous research has shown that mass media stimulate the development of an objectified self-concept. However, we know little about the role social networking sites (SNS) play in these relationships. The current longitudinal study ( N = 1,041) aimed to fill this gap by studying adolescents’ frequency of SNS use in general and their use of SNS to monitor attractive peers in particular. The results showed that the use of sexualizing mass media was associated with considering the appearance ideals promoted in mass media as one’s own standards to pursue. This internalization of appearance ideals, in turn, was related to the tendency to monitor attractive peers on SNS. Both the use of SNS to monitor attractive peers and the use of sexualizing mass media stimulated self-objectification and body surveillance over time. The frequency of SNS use played a limited role in the relationship between mass media and an objectified self-concept.

scholarly journals Dynamic Change of Pain Sensitisation at Acupoints in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis and Disease Severity: A Multilevel Analysis of a Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyan Geng ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Mingsheng Sun ◽  
Zihan Yin ◽  
Jiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Imaging Classification ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background and aim: Acupuncture alleviates pain and improves physical function in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The therapeutic effect of acupuncture may depend on acupoint selection. This longitudinal study aimed to observe dynamic change of acupoint sensitization in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients, and to investigate the relationship between acupoint PPTs and disease severity. Methods: Two-hundred-and-forty-six KOA patients were enrolled in this longitudinal study from 5 clinical centers.; data from 216 samples were analyzed. All participants underwent PPT assessment of 19 acupoints once weekly for 4 weeks. Multilevel analysis of repeated measurement data was performed. Results: The PPTs at each acupoint decreased across the four timepoints, as the 19 acupoints became more pain-sensitive over time. Single-factor multilevel analysis showed a greater decrease in acupoint PPT at clinical stage ≥III than clinical stage I (p<0.05); PPTs at Xuehai (SP-10), Heding (EX-LE2), Ququan (LR-8), Yingu (KI-10), Xiguan (LR-7) and Qiuxu (GB-40) decreased more in imaging classification II than imaging classification I (p<0.05); PPT at Yaoyangguan (DU-3) decreased more in imaging classification ≥III than imaging classification I (p<0.05). Multi-factor multilevel analysis showed that the PPTs of Heding (EX-LE2), Liangqiu (ST-34), Ququan (LR-8), Dubi (ST-35), Weiyang (BL-39), Yinglingquan (SP-9), Xiguan (LR-7), Zusanli (ST-36), Yanglingquan (GB-34), Qiuxu (GB-40), and Weizhong (BL-40) decreased more with the progression of clinical stages (p<0.05); PPTs at Xuehai (SP-10), Heding (EX-LE2), Ququan (LR-8), Yingu (KI-10), Xiguan (LR-7), and Qiuxu (GB-40) decreased more in imaging classification II than imaging classification I (p<0.05); PPT at Qiuxu (GB-40) decreased more in imaging classification ≥III than imaging classification I (p<0.05).Conclusion: The correlated acupoints became more pain-sensitive over time, and the acupoint PPTs were in accordance with disease severity. Liangqiu (ST-34), Dubi (ST-35), Weiyang (BL-39), Yinglingquan (SP-9), Xiguan (LR-7), Zusanli (ST-36), Yanglingquan (GB-34), and Qiuxu (GB-40) were most related to disease severity, they should be recommended clinically.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800014616. Registered 24 January 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=24037

A Longitudinal Study of Fan-In and Fan-Out Coupling in Open-Source Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 199-224
Author(s):  
Asma Mubarak ◽  
Steve Counsell ◽  
Robert M. Hierons
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Open Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Classes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Open Source Systems ◽  
Maintenance Problem ◽  
Over Time

Excessive coupling between object-oriented classes is widely acknowledged as a maintenance problem that can result in a higher propensity for faults in systems and a ‘stored up’ future problem. This paper explores the relationship between ‘fan-in’ and ‘fan-out’ coupling metrics over multiple versions of open-source software. More specifically, the relationship between the two metrics is explored to determine patterns of growth in each over the course of time. The JHawk tool was used to extract the two metrics from five open-source systems. Results show a wide range of traits in the classes to explain both high and low levels of fan-in and fan-out. Evidence was also found of certain ‘key’ classes (with both high fan-in and fan-out) and ‘client’ and ‘server’-type classes with high fan-out and fan-in, respectively. This paper provides an explanation of the composition and existence of such classes as well as for disproportionate increases in each of the two metrics over time. Finally, it was found that high fan-in class values tended to be associated with small classes; classes with high fan-out on the other hand tended to be relatively large classes.

scholarly journals Persistent beliefs: Political extremism predicts ideological stability over time

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137-1149
Author(s):  
Maria V. Zwicker ◽  
Jan-Willem van Prooijen ◽  
André P. M. Krouwel
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Political Extremism ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Lower Standard ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Previous research suggests that political extremists have stronger convictions in their beliefs than moderates. The present research examines the relationship between political extremism and belief stability, defined as the extent to which people change their ideological beliefs over time. Studies 1 ( N = 397) and 2 ( N = 291) revealed that participants at the left and right extremes report more stable beliefs than political moderates. We then reanalyzed a longitudinal study that tracked actual ideological changes over time during a referendum (Study 3, N = 5812). Results indicated that for ideological orientation measured at three time points, politically extreme respondents had lower standard deviations—and hence, more stable ideologies over time—than moderates. Furthermore, the effect appeared more pronounced among people at the left than people at the right. We discuss implications of these insights for political extremism in society and the malleability of political ideology.

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