The response of early-weaned piglets to various levels of lysine in diets of moderate energy content

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Rogerson ◽  
R. G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Moderate Energy ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Entire Male

ABSTRACTThirty entire male piglets weaned at 21 days of age were used to study the effects of two levels of dietary protein (178 and 194g/kg), each in combination with five levels of supplemental lysine (0, 1·5, 3·0, 4·5 and 6·0g/kg), in diets given ad libitum and containing 14 MJ digestible energy per kg, on performance from 6 to 20 kg live weight.Raising total lysine from 7·2 to 8·7 g/kg diet with 178 g crude protein per kg promoted significant increases in average daily gain, efficiency of food conversion and voluntary food intake, and raised all these parameters to levels exhibited by piglets receiving the basal diet containing 194 g crude protein per kg (8·7 g total lysine per kg).Lysine supplementation of the diet containing 194g crude protein per kg had no effect on growth performance or food intake.Carcass characteristics at 20 kg live weight were not significantly affected by either dietary crude protein or total lysine (P> 005).

Effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for piglets on their performance and apparent digestibility of phosphorus

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beers ◽  
A. W. Jongbloed
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Aspergillus Niger Phytase

AbstractA total of 384 piglets from a three-way cross Yorkshire ♂ × (Finnish Landrace ♂ × Dutch Landrace♀) ♀ in the live-weight range of 11 to 25 kg were used in a feeding trial. The effect of supplementary microbial phytase from Aspergillus niger var. Van Tieghem on performance (average daily gain (ADG), average daily food intake (ADFI) and food conversion ratio (FCR)) and apparent digestibility of total phosphorus (P), in comparison with a non-supplemented basal diet or a diet supplemented with one or two levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP), were studied.The piglets were allotted to 12 blocks. Within each block, four experimental diets were offered ad libitum for a period of 4 weeks i.e. (1) basal diet; (2) basal diet + 1·0 g P, from MCP per kg diet; (3) basal diet + 1·9 g P, from MCP per kg diet; and (4) basal diet + 1450 phytase units (PTU) per kg diet. The diets, with added chromium III oxide as a marker, were cold pelleted without steam at a temperature not above 60°C to avoid a possible inactivation of the phytase. In all diets the ratio calcium: digestible P was intended to be constant.Adding 1450 PTU of Aspergillus niger phytase enhanced the apparent digestibility of P by proportionately 0·216 when compared with diet 1 and by proportionately 0·100 compared with diet 3. In addition, significantly higher ADG and ADFI and better FCR were noted in pigs receiving supplementary microbial phytase than in pigs on any other treatment. The content of digestible P of the diet with added phytase, however, zvas between the two levels of the diets with added MCP.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary crude protein and energy content on nitrogen utilisation, water intake and urinary output in growing pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja ◽  
Hilkka Siljander-Rasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein

A digestibility and balance trial was carried out with four intact castrated male pigs (live weight 33-82 kg) to study the effects of dietary crude protein and energy content on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, water intake and urinary output. In a 4 x 4 Latin square design, four barley-oats-soya bean meal based diets were arranged 2x2 factorially. The corresponding factors were dietary crude protein (CP) content: high (180 g/kg CP) or low protein diet (140 g/kg CP) supplemented with free lysine, methionine and threonine; and dietary net energy content; high (1.05 feed units (FU)/kg) (feed unit=9.3 MJ net energy) or low net energy content (0.95 FU/kg). Lowering dietary CP content (mean values of 189 to 152 g/kg dry matter, respectively) by supplementation of free amino acids decreased urinary nitrogen (N) excretion by 6.9 g/day (32%) (P

Effect of feeding level and dietary protein content on the growth, body composition and rate of protein deposition in pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner ◽  
D. M. Curic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

ABSTRACT1. Eight diets of similar energy content, ranging in crude protein concentration from 95 to 256 g/kg, were given at either 2·5 or 3·2 times the energy level for maintenance to entire male pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg live weight.2. Growth rate improved with increase in feeding level and with increasing dietary crude protein up to 164 g/kg (P < 0·05). The food conversion ratio improved with each increase in dietary CP up to 186 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 0·05). It was also improved with increase in level of feeding of the lower-protein diets but deteriorated with increase in level of intake of the higher-protein diets (P < 005).3. Rate of protein deposition improved with increasing dietary crude protein up to 186 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 005). The results showed that, for pigs given diets deficient in crude protein, rate of protein deposition was linearly related to protein intake (P < 0·001) but independent of energy intake. For pigs given a diet adequate in crude protein, rate of protein deposition was related to energy intake and independent of crude protein intake.4. Body fat content at 90 kg decreased with increasing dietary crude protein up to 210 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively (P < 0·05), and was increased by raising the level of intake of the higher-crude protein diets (P < 0·05). However, the influence of feeding level on body fat diminished as dietary crude protein was reduced.

scholarly journals Animal performance, production, and quality of Tanzania grass fertilized with nitrogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulysses Cecato ◽  
Josmar Almeida Junior ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
Sandra Galbeiro ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to assess forage production, animal performance, and the chemical composition of Tanzania grass pasture fertilized with 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. The variables analyzed were: leaf mass, daily accumulation rate, leaf/stem ratio, average daily gain, stocking rate, live weight gain per unit of area crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of leaves. The pasture management maintained the pasture height at 50 cm by using a continuous grazing method with the adjustment of stocking rate. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates. The leaf mass increased linearly in response to nitrogen, with an increase of 1003 kg (34%) observed between a nitrogen content of 50 and 400 kg ha-1. Nitrogen did not affect the average daily gain, but increased the stocking rate and live weight gain ha-1. The value of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were higher with increased nitrogen levels, whereas the leaf digestibility did not affect nitrogen use. The comparison of 50 and 400 kg ha-1 levels indicated that there was an average increase of 19.2% in the leaf crude protein. The increased application of nitrogen fertilizer in Tanzania grass improved the chemical composition and animal performance; with regard to studied variables, the dose of 200 kg ha-1 resulted in the greatest improvement.

Lysine supplementation of diets for pigs between 7 and 56 days of age

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz ◽  
J. R. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Entire Male

ABSTRACTSixty entire male pigs between 7 and 28 days and 60 entire male pigs between 28 and 56 days of age were given ad libitum basal diets using peanut meal and wheat gluten with or without dried milk as the protein supplements. The diets contained between 7·0 and 10·7 g lysine per kg. These diets were supplemented with graded additions of synthetic L-lysine hydrochloride.It was found that the lysine required for maximum performance and nitrogen retention was at least 12·7 g/kg dry matter (DM) between 7 and 28 days of age and not greater than 12 g/kg DM between 28 and 56 days of age. These values are 4·7 and 5·3 g/kg dietary crude protein for the two ages or 0·81 and 0·79 g/MJ digestible energy.A method is discussed for the calculation of the most economical level of lysine supplementation. This is dependent on the cost of the basal diet and lysine, and the value of the weight gain.The concentration of free lysine in the blood plasma did not give a clear indication of lysine requirement of the pigs.

Effect of fermented seaweed by-product supplementation on reproduction of Hanwoo cows and growth and immunity of their calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Manirul Islam ◽  
Sonia Tabasum Ahmed ◽  
Hong-Seok Mun ◽  
Young-Bae Kim ◽  
Chul-Ju Yang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Immunoglobulin Level ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

The study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of fermented seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) by-product (FSB) on colostrum composition and immunoglobulin level in breeding Hanwoo cows and growth and immunity of their suckling calves. A total of 32 breeding Hanwoo cows with different parities were assigned to Control (basal diet) and FSB (basal diet + 10% FSB) dietary groups in a randomised block design for 2 months before parturition until weaning of their calves. Calves with FSB supplementation had greater weaning weight and average daily gain (P < 0.05). Dietary FSB supplementation increased calf serum immunoglobulin G level in the first parity (P < 0.05), whereas it was reduced in the second to fourth parities on Days 15 and 45. The immunoglobulin M level increased on Day 15 in the first parity and on Day 45 in the second to fourth parities (P < 0.05), whereas it decreased on Day 45 in the first parity (P < 0.05). Dietary FSB supplementation also elevated moisture, crude fat and crude protein content whereas it reduced the total solids content in colostrum for both parities (P < 0.05). Colostrum immunoglobulin G level was also increased in the first parity, whereas it was reduced in the second to fourth parities in FSB supplementation (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary FSB supplementation increased suckling calves weaning weight, average daily gain, serum immunoglobulin G level and colostrum immunoglobulin G level in the first parity. Moreover, moisture, crude fat and crude protein content of colostrum were elevated significantly in both parities in breeding Hanwoo cows. Therefore, FSB can be used as a functional feed additive to the basal diet in breeding Hanwoo cows.

The influence of feeding level on the protein requirement of pigs between 20 and 45 kg live weight

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner ◽  
D. M. Curic
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Entire Male

ABSTRACTOne hundred entire male pigs growing between 20 and 45 kg live weight were used to investigate the effects on growth performance and carcass composition of eight concentrations of dietary crude protein (CP), ranging from 93 to 238 g/kg and three levels of food intake (giving mean daily digestible energy 15·6, 18·7 and 22·4 MJ).Growth rate improved with each increase in food intake and with increase in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg (10·5 g lysine per kg) at all food intakes. Food:gain ratio (g food per g growth) improved with increase in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg and with the first increase in food intake.The rate of protein deposition in the carcass (excluding viscera) increased with each increase in level of feeding, and with increases in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg. The results showed that for pigs given diets deficient in protein, the rate of protein deposition was linearly related to protein intake and independent of energy intake. For pigs given diets adequate in protein, the rate of protein deposition was related to energy intake, and independent of protein intake.The carcass fat of pigs killed at 45 kg live weight decreased on all feeding treatments with increase in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg, and was higher in pigs given the two higher levels of feeding than in those fed at the lowest level. The effect of feeding level on carcass fat content declined as the protein adequacy of the diet was reduced.

scholarly journals Efficiency of using high-protein soybean meal in feeding broilers of cross-breed ROSS-PM3

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00102
Author(s):  
Vladimir Galkin ◽  
Natalya Vorobyova ◽  
Valentina Chichaeva
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Daily Gain

The use of high-protein soybean meal in broiler diets provided for 38 days of fattening obtaining live weight of 2,336 g, average daily gain in live weight of 60.4 g, which is higher than in the control group by 135 g and 3.5 g, respectively. The highest rates were observed in chickens that consumed compound feed with high protein soybean meal, which was characterized by a high content of crude protein (47.0%) and good protein solubility (77.8%). It is proved that the use of soybean meal with a high content of SP 47.0% versus 42.0%, increases the live weight of chickens and reduces feed costs per 1 kilo of live weight gain.

scholarly journals Protein Supplementation Improves Performance of Lambs Fed Low-Quality Forage

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Belal S. Obeidat ◽  
Hadil S. Subih ◽  
Mysaa Ata
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Forage Utilization ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Awassi Lambs

The objective was to investigate the effect of supplementing Awassi lambs fed low-quality forage with soybean meal. Twenty-one lambs (initial body weight (BW) of 26.1 ± 2.57 kg) were randomly assigned to the study diets, 1) the basal diet (forage mix; CON; n = 7); 2) the basal diet supplemented with either 125 (SBM125; n = 7); or 3) with 250 (SBM250; n = 7) SBM g/head/day. The forage mix was composed of 65% wheat straw and 35% alfalfa hay. The experimental diet was offered to the animals for 54 days. On day 40, four animals from each group were chosen to assess N balance and nutrient digestibility. The intake of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) was the highest (p < 0.016) in the SBM250 group, followed by the SBM125 group and the CON diet. Digestibility of DM and CP was higher (p <0.05) for the SBM-containing diets than the CON diet. Final BW and average daily gain were greater (p < 0.008) for lambs that consumed SBM-containing diets than for those that consumed the CON diet. In summary, the growth performance, forage utilization, and nutrient digestibility improved for lambs fed low-quality forage when supplemented with soybean meal.

Dietary protein content and the subsequent body composition and food intake of pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wyllie ◽  
J. B. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYForty Large White × Wessex pigs were fed from 7 to 27 kg live weight, on diets containing either 28 or 14% crude protein. From 27 to 113 kg live weight the pigs were fed a common diet ad libitum. Pigs from each treatment were killed at 27, 54, 82 and 113 kg live weight and the chemical composition was determined. From 7 to 27 kg and from 27 to 113 kg live weight, daily gain, food intake and food conversion efficiency were similar for the two treatments.At 27 kg, pigs on the lower protein diet were fatter and contained less lean tissue. Between 27 and 54 kg live weight the pigs previously on the higher protein diet deposited a much greater amount of fat than the pigs on the lower protein diet, so that by 54 kg the pigs initially on the lower protein contained less fat. At 82 and 113 kg live weight the pigs given the lower protein diet initially also tended to contain less fat. These findings are discussed with particular reference to the voluntary energy intake of growing pigs.

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