Genetic variation of rectal temperature in cows and its relationship to fertility

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Parallel Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTRectal temperatures of breeding cows at the National Cattle Breeding Station, ‘Belmont’, Rockhampton were recorded in each of 2 years. The data analysed represented two Bos taurus (Hereford × Shorthorn) and four B. indicus × B. taurus half-bred lines, and 800 to 900 cows in each year. Rectal temperatures averaged 39·8°C, and were 0·5°C higher in British breed than in zebu-cross cows and 0·3°C higher in lactating than in dry British cows (no effect in zebu cross).Fertility, measured as success or failure in producing a calf at term, was affected by rectal temperature (P<0·0001 in both years). The relationship was curvilinear, the reduction in calving rate due to 01°C increment in temperature being 0009 at 39°C, 002 at 40°C and 0035 at 41°C. Response of fertility to a given change in rectal temperature was the same in different breeds. The average depression of fertility due to heat susceptibility was 015 to 0·25 in British-breed and approximately 010 in zebu-cross herds.Even in relatively heat-tolerant zebu crossbreds and in a relatively mild environment on the Tropic, both the mean rectal temperature and its genetic variability within a herd had quite large effects on reproduction. The heritability of rectal temperature was 0·25 (s.e. 012) and its genetic correlation with fertility was −0·76 (s.e. 0·35). There was a parallel effect of rectal temperatures of cows on the birth weights of their calves.

Physiological attributes of coat colour in beef cattle

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Schleger
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Optimum Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Radiation Colour

A system of scoring coat colours in the range from light red to dark red has been applied to cattle at the National Cattle Breeding Station, Rockhampton, Qld. The cattle were Herefords and Shorthorns and crosses between these and the Africander. Colour is affected by age, season, reproductive stake, growth phase of the coat, and sex, and also by exposure to solar radiation. Colour is a highly repeatable characteristic of individual animals and has high heritability, estimated at 53%. Melanin concentration in the hair is the chief determinant of colour, the partial regression coefficient (β) being 0.73, while the proportion of medullated hairs (β = –0.32) and the mean diameter (β = 0.17) have half and quarter the significance respectively. The relationship between coat type and coat colour is complex, varying with the season of the year. Within the range of red colours studied, there is no tendency for darker animals to exhibit any effects of higher heat load. The relationship between depth of colour and body temperature tends if anything to be slightly negative, which suggests that darker animals have some other characteristic favouring temperature regulation. Correlations between intensity of red colour and rate of gain are consistently positive. The magnitude of the relationship varies with season, and the validity of choosing an optimum season is discussed. The mean correlations between gain and colour score in the optimum period are 0.50 for Africander cross and 0.32 for British breed calves. Coat colour may therefore be more useful than a score of coat type in Africander cross calves, though less useful in British breed calves.

Comparative drought resistance of Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbred herds in Central Queensland. 1. Relative weights and weight changes of maiden heifers

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (56) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Frisch
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Observations were made during a drought in Queensland in 1969 of the comparative weight changes of Brahman X British (BX), Africander X British (AX), and British X British (SH) crossbred heifers which were grazed together under field conditions at the National Cattle Breeding Station 'Belmont', Queensland. The animals were weighed in February and October, 1969, and in January 1970. At all weighings the BX heifers were significantly heavier than both the AX and the SH heifers and the AX were significantly heavier than the SH. From February 1969 to October 1969, when nutritional conditions were most severe, the mean weight loss of the breeds was 42.1 kg. Breed differences in absolute weight losses were not significant but were least for the BX. When the weight losses were adjusted for differences in initial weight, the BX lost 34.9 kg, the AX lost 39.3 kg and the SH heifers lost 50.5 kg. The difference between the Zebu crossbreds (AX and BX) was not significant. From October 1969 to January 1970 the pasture conditions improved and the mean gain of the breeds was 52.1 kg. The BX heifers gained 55.8 kg, 7.4 kg more than the SH heifers. From February 1969 to January 1970, BX and AX heifers gained 12.0 kg and 8.2 kg respectively more than the SH heifers (3.7 kg) ; the difference between the Zebu crossbreds was not significant. Purebred Brahman and Africander heifers lost less weight than any of the crossbreds from February 1969 to October 1969 and made only slightly lower gains from October 1969 to January 1970. Overall gains from February 1969 to January 1970 were highest in the purebred Brahmans. Some possible reasons for the differences in breed performance are advanced.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and relationship between wild and cultivated cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] as assessed by allozyme markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Eric Bertrand Kouam ◽  
Geoffrey Mwanza Muluvi ◽  
Rémy Stéphane Pasquet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Bottleneck ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Traditional Agroecosystems ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In Cameroon, cowpea plays an important role in traditional agroecosystems. Genetic variation in wild and cultivated cowpea in Cameroon has not yet been documented. Allozyme markers because of their codominance and polymorphism are useful tools for studying genetic variation and disparity in plant species. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the relationship between wild and cultivated cowpea from Cameroon. Ten enzyme systems encoding nineteen isozyme loci were used on 62 cowpea germplasm (45 wild and 17 cultivated). A total of thirty-two alleles were found. One allele was only found in cultivated samples (Enp98 ). Eight alleles were specific only to wild plant (Amp2 98 , Amp3a 103 , Amp4 96 , Fdh104 , Idh2 95 , Pgi3 92 , Pgm2 95 and Sdh95 ). Twenty-three alleles were common to both wild and cultivated accessions. Amp2 10 2 (z = −4.633, p < 0.001) and Fle3 96 (z = −2.858, p < 0.010) were significantly more represented in cultivated compared to wild cowpea forms. The mean number of alleles per locus in wild (1.632 alleles/locus) cowpea were significantly higher (t = 2.805, p < 0.010) compared to cultivated (1.263 alleles/locus) cowpea. Also, the proportion of polymorphic loci (P = 52.63%) and average Nei’s genetic diversity (He = 0.126) were important in wild, compared to the cultivated plants: P = 26.31% and He = 0.063, respectively. The low level of diversity found in domesticated accessions compared to wild can be attributed to a major genetic bottleneck that probably happened during the domestication process. Cluster analysis revealed by UPGMA dendrogram separated the 62 accessions into three clusters. Although an admixture of both wild and cultivated accessions within the same cluster were found, the dendogram, however, highlighted a visible separation between wild and cultivated cowpea. Wild cowpea with many more private alleles indicates an untouched resource available for future breeding.

Evaluation of beef breeds for rangeland weaner production in Zimbabwe 1. Productivity of purebred cows

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. R. Tawonezvi ◽  
H. K. Ward ◽  
J. C. M. Trail ◽  
D. Light
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Rapid Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calving Rate

ABSTRACTPurebred cows were evaluated for reproductive performance and live weight, and for pre-weaning growth and viability of crossbred progeny sired by unrelated breeds. The cows comprised three indigenous breeds, Mashona, Nkone and Tuli and four exotic breeds Africander, Brahman, Sussex and Charolais. Over 3 years, the mean calving rates % (s.e.) were 55·5 (3·0), 76·0 (3·8), 63·1 (4·5), 69·6 (3·5), 70·0 (3·8), 60·0 (4·3) and 67·0 (5·0) for Africander, Mashona, Nkone, Tuli, Brahman, Sussex and Charolais cows, respectively.Bos taurusand Brahman cows were heavier at parturition and at calf weaning than indigenous cows. Mashona cows were lightest at both stages. Calves ofBos tauruscows were heaviest at birth and those of Mashona lightest. Calves of Brahman cows had the most rapid growth rate and at weaning (240 days) weighed in kg (s.e.) 207 (3·1), compared with 184 (2·1), 172 (2·2), 187 (2·6), 184 (2·1), 178 (2·7) and 186 (2·9) for progeny of Africander, Mashona, Nkone, Tuli, Sussex and Charolais, respectively. Pre-weaning survival rates of the breeds were not significantly different but viability was higher in progeny of indigenous than exotic breeds. The productivity estimates combining calving rate, cow weight, calf weaning weight and pre-weaning viability demonstrated the superiority of indigenous breeds and the Brahman over Africander andBos taurusbreeds.

scholarly journals Relationship between Rectal Temperature and Vaginal Temperature in Grazing Bos taurus Heifers

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lees ◽  
Jim Lea ◽  
Hannah Salvin ◽  
Linda Cafe ◽  
Ian Colditz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Core Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vaginal Temperature

This study evaluated the relationship between rectal temperature (TREC, °C) and vaginal temperature (TVAG, °C) in grazing Bos taurus heifers, to develop an understanding of the reliability of these measures as estimates of core body temperature. Nineteen Angus heifers (BW = 232.2 ± 6.91 kg) were implanted with intra-rectal and intra-vaginal data loggers. Rectal temperature and TVAG were simultaneously recorded at 20 s intervals over 18.5 h. Heifers were housed as a singular cohort on grazing pastures for the duration of the study. A strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.72, p < 0.0001) between the measurement sites was identified. The mean difference between TREC and TVAG was small, in which TVAG was on average 0.22 ± 0.01 °C lower than TREC. Individual twenty second TREC and TVAG data were used to determine the pooled mean TREC and TVAG and then to highlight the within measure variation over time. The coefficient of variation was, on average, lower (p < 0.001) for TVAG (0.38%) than TREC (0.44%), indicating that TVAG exhibited less variation. Overall, the results from the current study suggest that a strong relationship exists between TREC and TVAG, and that TVAG may be a more reliable estimate of core body temperature than TREC in grazing Bos taurus heifers.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of ST2 and NT-proBNP in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Short- Term Prognosis in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivananda B Nayak ◽  
Dharindra Sawh ◽  
Brandon Scott ◽  
Vestra Sears ◽  
Kareshma Seebalack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: i) To determine the relationship between the cardiac biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP with ejection fraction (EF) in heart failure (HF) patients. ii) Assess whether a superiority existed between the aforementioned cardiac markers in diagnosing the HF with reduced EF. iii) Determine the efficacy of both biomarkers in predicting a 30-day cardiovascular event and rehospitalization in patients with HF with reduced EF iv) To assess the influence of age, gender, BMI, anaemia and renal failure on the ST2 and NT-proBNP levels. Design and Methods: A prospective double-blind study was conducted to obtain data from a sample of 64 cardiology patients. A blood sample was collected to test for ST2 and NT-proBNP. An echocardiogram (to obtain EF value), electrocardiogram and questionnaire were also obtained. Results: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 59.4% of the population had an EF less than 40%. At the end of the 30- day period, 7 patients were warded, 37 were not warded, one died and 17 were non respondent. Both biomarkers were efficacious at diagnosing HF with a reduced EF. However, neither of them were efficacious in predicting 30-day rehospitalization. The mean NT-proBNP values being: not rehospitalized (2114.7486) and 30 day rehospitalization (1008.42860) and the mean ST2 values being: not rehospitalized (336.1975), and 30-day rehospitalization. (281.9657). Conclusion: Neither ST2 or NT-proBNP was efficacious in predicting the short- term prognosis in HF with reduced EF. Both however were successful at confirming the diagnosis of HF in HF patients with reduced EF.

scholarly journals Correlation between fundus autofluorescence and visual function in patients with cone-rod dystrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kanda ◽  
Takumi Hara ◽  
Ryosuke Fujino ◽  
Keiko Azuma ◽  
Hirotsugu Soga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Imaging

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between autofluorescence (AF) signal measured with ultra-wide field imaging and visual functions in patients with cone-rod dystrophy (CORD). A retrospective chart review was performed for CORD patients. We performed the visual field test and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) measurement and visualized retinal structures with optical coherence tomography (OCT) on the same day. Using binarised FAF images, we identified a low FAF area ratio (LFAR: low FAF/30°). Relationships between age and logMAR visual acuity (VA), central retinal thickness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), mean deviation (MD) value, and LFAR were investigated. Thirty-seven eyes of 21 CORD patients (8 men and 13 women) were enrolled. The mean patient age was 49.8 years. LogMAR VA and MD were 0.52 ± 0.47 and − 17.91 ± 10.59 dB, respectively. There was a significant relationship between logMAR VA and MD (p = 0.001). LogMAR VA significantly correlated with CRT (p = 0.006) but not with other parameters. Conversely, univariate analysis suggested a significant relationship between MD and LFAR (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, LFAR was significantly associated with MD (p = 0.002). In conclusion, it is useful to measure the low FAF area in patients with CORD. The AF measurement reflects the visual field deterioration but not VA in CORD.

Heart Rate and Neurological Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Targeted Temperature Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 088506662098250
Author(s):  
Chad M. Conner ◽  
William H. Perucki ◽  
Andre Gabriel ◽  
David M. O’Sullivan ◽  
Antonio B. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Targeted Temperature Management ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Neurologic Outcomes ◽  
Resuscitation Guidelines ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: There is a paucity of data evaluating the impact of heart rate (HR) during Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) and neurologic outcomes. Current resuscitation guidelines do not specify a HR goal during TTM. We sought to determine the relationship between HR and neurologic outcomes in a single-center registry dataset. Methods: We retrospectively studied 432 consecutive patients who completed TTM (33°C) after cardiac arrest from 2008 to 2017. We evaluated the relationship between neurologic outcomes and HR during TTM. Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) at discharge were used to determine neurological recovery. Statistical analysis included chi square, Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U. A logistic regression model was created to evaluate the strength of contribution of selected variables on the outcome of interest. Results: Approximately 94,000 HR data points from 432 patients were retrospectively analyzed; the mean HR was 82.17 bpm over the duration of TTM. Favorable neurological outcomes were seen in 160 (37%) patients. The mean HR in the patients with a favorable outcome was lower than the mean HR of those with an unfavorable outcome (79.98 bpm vs 85.67 bpm p < 0.001). Patients with an average HR of 60-91 bpm were 2.4 times more likely to have a favorable neurological outcome compared to than HR’s < 60 or > 91 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61-3.46, p < 0.001). Specifically, mean HR’s in the 73-82 bpm range had the greatest rate of favorable outcomes (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.95-6.50), p < 0.001. Administration of epinephrine, a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension all were associated with worse neurological outcomes independent of HR. Conclusion: During TTM, mean HRs between 60-91 showed a positive association with favorable outcomes. It is unclear whether a specific HR should be targeted during TTM or if heart rates between 60-91 bpm might be a sign of less neurological damage.

scholarly journals Relationship between 24-h venous blood glucose variation and mortality among patients with acute respiratory failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Jiamei Li ◽  
Ya Gao ◽  
Ruohan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Icu Mortality ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractEvidence indicates that glucose variation (GV) plays an important role in mortality of critically ill patients. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the coefficient of variation of 24-h venous blood glucose (24-hVBGCV) and mortality among patients with acute respiratory failure. The records of 1625 patients in the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II (MIMIC II) database were extracted. The 24-hVBGCV was calculated as the ratio of the standard deviation (SD) to the mean venous blood glucose level, expressed as a percentage. The outcomes included ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality. Participants were divided into three subgroups based on tertiles of 24-hVBGCV. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between 24-hVBGCV and mortality. Sensitivity analyses were also performed in groups of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Taking the lowest tertile as a reference, after adjustment for all the covariates, the highest tertile was significantly associated with ICU mortality [odds ratio (OR), 1.353; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.018–1.797] and in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.319; 95% CI, 1.003–1.735), especially in the population without diabetes. The 24-hVBGCV may be associated with ICU and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure in the ICU, especially in those without diabetes.

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