Feeding calcium salts of fatty acids in high-starch or high-fibre compound supplements to lactating cows at grass

ABSTRACTIn two experiments, the effects of protected fat and fibre were studied in compound supplements for grazing dairy cows. The protected fat used consisted of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids. In experiment 1, 17 cows (group S) were given 4 kg/day of a starchy compound and 17 (group F) 4 kg/day of a high-fibre compound containing protected fat for the first 4 weeks after turn-out to grass. No significant difference was found between groups in milk yield, but cows in group F produced milk with a higher fat content (42·6 g/kg) than did those in group S (37·1 g/kg; P < 0·01) and had higher yields of fat (0·88 v. 0·79 kg/day; (P < 0·05). In experiment 2, four groups of five cows were given 4 kg/day of starchy (S) or fibrous (F) compounds, with (P) or without (C) protected fat for the first 4 weeks after turn-out. After 4 weeks, treatments (starchy or fibrous, added fat or none) were reversed for a further period of 4 weeks. There was no significant effect on milk yield, milk protein yield, live-weight change or change in condition score, although cows on treatment SC tended to produce less milk and have greater gains in live weight and condition. For groups SC, FC, SP and FP respectively, milk fat yields (kg/day) were 0·86, 0·98, 0·99 and 1·06 (s.e.d. 0·06); milk protein contents (g/kg) were 34·4, 34·8, 34·2 and 33·0 (s.e.d. 0·68) and calculated milk energy outputs (MJ/day) were 67/2, 74·3, 74·4 and 76·6 (s.e.d. 3·04). It is concluded that substituting fibrous compounds for starchy compounds tends to increase milk fat content and yield; adding calcium salts of fatty acids to either type of compound significantly increases milk fat content and yield but tends to decrease milk protein content.

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MODERN CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN WHITEHEAD BREED

Animal Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.31073/abg.52.26 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 194-202

Author(s):

S. L. Voitenko ◽

L. V. Vishnevsky

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Live Weight ◽

Fat Content ◽

Early Age ◽

Average Value ◽

The Future ◽

Efficiency Of Selection ◽

Selection Of

The article shows the state of Ukrainian Whiteheaded cattle, which includes distribution of cattle, the number of animals belonging to respective bloodlines, evaluation of young animals with live weight in the process of growing and milk production of cows during the first lactation. It reflects the historic development of the breed when it was colonism whiteheaded cattle, which turned into the original breed, undergone a significant expansion in livestock and increase of productivity, decreased in the number, was as basis for creation of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and now bred only in one breeding farm. Visual estimation of animal exterior showed good development of cows and calves and their belonging to the dairy type. In the vast majority the cows of the herd have a black suit, a white head with " glasses" around the eyes, white belly, udder, lower legs and brush of the tail. The youngsters aren’t consolidated by the exterior, and among them there are animals which are not typical for Ukrainian Whiteheaded breed. The young animals have some lag in live weight behind the breed standard [12] to 7 months’ age with exceeding of this trait in certain periods quite significantly in the future. It was established that selection of heifers on live weight will be effective at the early age (1-5 months), given the coefficient of variation of live weight – 22,63-30,21% and will not have a significant influence in the future. Milk yields of first-calf heifers vary considerably depending on the origin. The milk yield of first-calf heifers in the herd was 4238,5 kg on average, the heifers belonging to Mart 171 and Ozon 417 bloodlines had the best milk performance – 4483,1 and 4254,9 kg accordingly. The most aligned milk yield during the first lactation was in the cows belonging to Ozon 417 bloodline, the limits of the trait are 4128,5-4327,4 kg with the average value by the line 4254,9 kg. In contrast, the first-calf heifers of Ryezvyi 33 bloodline with average milk yield 4048,9 kg had limits of the trait 2199,3-4736,1 kg. Even greater range in cows’ milk yield during the first lactation R= 4939 kg (limits 1687 – 6626 kg) is characterized for the herd in general, it shows, on the one hand, the possibility of qualitative improvement of cows’ productivity due to selection on the investigated trait and lack of selection in the herd on the other hand. It was established that daughters of bull Chardash belonging to Ryezvyi 33 bloodline produced 4736,1 kg of milk for 305 days of the first lactation with fat content 3,6%, whereas Zlak’s descendants of the same line were characterized by the lowest milk yield for the first completed lactation – 2199,3 kg with fat content 3,7% and the average value by the line – 4048,9 kg of milk, fat content 3,6%. Similar variability of first-calf heifers’ milk yields, depending on the origin, is typical for other bloodlines of Ukrainian Whiteheaded breed. To increase milk productivity of Ukrainian Whiteheaded cows is recommended to repeat successful combinations of parental forms, and to preserve the breed – to carry out an objective assessment of animals by a range of traits, given the efficiency of selection of heifers on live weight at early age.

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Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding) ◽

10.33920/sel-03-2004-06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Zheltikov ◽

N. Kostomakhin ◽

D. Adushinov ◽

O. Zaiko ◽

V. Dementev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Live Weight ◽

Fat Content ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Novosibirsk Region ◽

Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

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The chemical composition and technological properties of milk obtained from the morning and evening milking

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200856050187 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 187-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Martin Skýpala ◽

Gustav Chládek

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Protein Production ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Fat Content ◽

Total Solids ◽

Milk Protein Content ◽

Solids Content ◽

Morning Milk

Milk yield varies during lactation, following what is termed a lactation curve. ŽIŽLAVSKÝ and MIKŠÍK (1988) recorded changes in milk yield within a day, too. TEPLÝ et al. (1979) a KOUŘIMSKÁ et al. (2007) published variation within a day ± 1.10 kg in milk yield, ± 0.75 % in milk fat content and ± 0.20 % in milk protein content. Milk yield of cows can be expressed in many different ways, for instance, in kilograms per lactation or in kilograms per day. A practical parameter describing milk production is milk yield (kg) per milking.The object of experiment were 12 cows of Holstein cattle on the first lactation from the 100-day of lactation to 200-day of lactation. The samples of milk were collected from January to May 2007, once a month from the morning and evening milking (milking interval 12 h ± 15 min.). The following parameters were monitored: milk production – milk yield (kg), milk protein production (kg), milk fat production (kg); milk composition – milk protein content (%), milk fat content (%), lactose content (%), milk solids-not-fat content (%), milk total solids content (%); technological properties of milk – titratable acidity (SH), active acidity (pH), rennet coagulation time (s), quality of curd (class) and somatic cell count as a parameter of udder health.Highly significant differences were found (P < 0.01) between morning milk yield (15.7 kg) and evening milk yield (13.8 kg), between morning milk protein production (0.51 kg) and evening milk protein production (0.45 kg) and between evening milk fat content (4.41 %) and morning milk fat content (3.95 %). A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between morning milk total solids content (12.62 %) and evening milk total solids content (12.07 %). No significant differences were found between morning (M) and evening (E) values of the remaining parameters: milk fat production (M 0.62 kg; E 0.60 kg), milk protein content (M 3.24 %; E 3.27 %), milk lactose content (M 4.78 %; E 4.86 %), milk solids-not-fat content (M 7.69 %; E 7.71 %), somatic cell count (M 80 000/1 mL; E 101 000/1 mL), titratable acidity (M 7.75 SH; E 7.64 SH), active acidity (M pH 6.58; E pH 6.61), rennet coagulation time (M 189 s.; E 191 s.), quality of curd (M 1.60 class; E 1.57 class).

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Value for milk production of artificially dried forages as cobs and pellets

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100000283 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 69-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. A. Milne ◽

E. F. Thomson ◽

R. C. Campling

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Live Weight ◽

Fat Content ◽

Significant Positive Effect ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Four Levels ◽

Milk Solids ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Basal Ration

SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted to compare the milk-producing value of dried forages in the form of cobs and pellets as replacements for a standard dairy concentrate. Four levels (0·33, 0·44, 0·55 and 0·66 kg/kg milk) of dried forage or standard dairy concentrate were offered in addition to a basal ration of 6 kg hay and 2 kg standard dairy concentrate. In both experiments the rate of eating by the cows of cobs was significantly slower (P<0·05) than that of pellets. No significant difference was found between the cobs and pellets in either experiment in their value for milk production. In Experiment 2 the standard dairy concentrate had a non-significantly higher (P>0·05) milk-producing value than the dried lucerne. Level of feeding had a significant positive effect on the milk yield (P< 0·001) of cows offered the dried grass and lucerne and on the milk solids- not-fat content (P<0·05) and live weight (P<0·01) of cows offered the dried grass, lucerne and standard dairy concentrate.

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Betaine Improves Milk Yield in Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Concentrates at High Temperatures

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9020057 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Frank Dunshea ◽

Kehinde Oluboyede ◽

Kristy DiGiacomo ◽

Brian Leury ◽

Jeremy Cottrell

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

The Mean ◽

Fat Yield ◽

Grazing Dairy Cows ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

Betaine Supplementation ◽

Daily Milk

Betaine is an organic osmolyte sourced from sugar beet that accumulates in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Since the accumulation of betaine lowers the energy requirements of animals and, therefore, metabolic heat production, the aim of this experiment was to investigate if betaine supplementation improved milk yield in grazing dairy cows in summer. One hundred and eighteen Friesian × Holstein cows were paired on days in milk and, within each pair, randomly allocated to a containing treatment of either 0 or 2 g/kg natural betaine in their concentrate ration for approximately 3 weeks during February/March 2015 (summer in Australia). The mean maximum February temperature was 30 °C. Cows were allocated approximately 14 kg dry matter pasture and 7.5 kg of concentrate pellets (fed in the milking shed) per cow per day and were milked through an automatic milking system three times per day. Betaine supplementation increased average daily milk yield by over 6% (22.0 vs. 23.4 kg/day, p < 0.001) with the response increasing as the study progressed as indicated by the interaction (p < 0.001) between betaine and day. Milk fat % (p = 0.87), milk protein % (p = 0.90), and milk somatic cell count (p = 0.81) were unchanged by dietary betaine. However, betaine supplementation increased milk protein yield (677 vs. 719 g/day, p < 0.001) and fat yield (874 vs. 922 g/day, p < 0.001) with responses again being more pronounced as the study progressed. In conclusion, dietary betaine supplementation increased milk and component yield during summer in grazing dairy cows.

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The trend of cowmilk yield, its compostion and the body condition during the lactation

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/37/2784 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 69-73

Author(s):

Edit Mikó Józsefné Jónás ◽

Imre Mucsi ◽

István Komlósi

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Fat Content ◽

The Body ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Body Condition Scores

The authors examined the data of 2767 trial milkings andthe months Body Condition Scores of 479 Holstein dairy cows. The condition loss was significant between the 30-60th days. The improvement of BCS begins only after the 120th day. The change in the milk protein and milk fat content were close after the condition changing. In each period of the lactation the closeness of the relationship among the condition, the milk quantity and the milk composition were different. In the aspect of the milk quantity the most significant difference was between the 2.5 and 4 BCS cows (6.68 kg) in the last period of the lactation.

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INFLUENCE OF ORIGIN ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF SYCHEVSKAYA BREED COWS

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-30-1-69-76 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Live Weight ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Holstein Bull ◽

Productivity Indicators ◽

Weight Coefficients

The results of researches on studying of sires influence on milk production and reproductive properties of Sychevskaya breed cows, bred in the breeding farm, JSC "Vostok", Smolensk region. In order to determine sires, cows, which are able to increase milk productivity of the herd without compromising reproductive properties, population of full-aged cows, according to their origin, was divided into six groups. Their milk yield was analyzed for first and third lactations, mass fraction of milk fat and milk protein, live weight, coefficients of milk yield of cows and the sustainability of lactation. The most stable, in all groups, is the first lactation, then there is a decrease to the fifth lactation. Cows received from the bull of Sychevskaya breed Pyl 6782, for the first lactation have a productive advantage over livestock received from other bulls. In full-aged animals derived from this bull, this advantage is lost. The daughters Hanke 6749, Holstein red-and-motley breed, have intensively promoting milk productivity, indicators of milk fat and protein is higher in daughters of Holstein bull Marder 6721. Reproductive properties were studied: open days and calving interval, age at first calving, days to first fertilization in lactation. The best reproductive properties have Sychev bulls. After calving, reproductive function in daughters Naliv 6791(sychevskaya breed) were restored earlier, in daughters Hanke 6749 - for longer period. The correlation of signs is defined: milk yield between lactations, milk productivity with mass fraction offat%, live weight, age of the first calving, the period of days before the first insemination in lactation.

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Influence of forage: concentrate ratio and type of starch in the diet on feeding behaviour, dietary preferences, digestion, metabolism and performance of dairy goats in mid lactation

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800055211 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 359-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. A. Abijaoudé ◽

P. Morand-Fehr ◽

J. Tessier ◽

P. Schmidely ◽

D. Sauvant

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Latin Square ◽

Live Weight ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Fat Content ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

And Performance ◽

C 30

AbstractIn a 12-week trial, 12 Alpine and 12 Saanen dairy goats in mid lactation were housed in individual stalls for behavioural, digestive and metabolic studies. Eight of them were fitted with ruminal cannulae. They were offered ad libitum four complete diets CR, CS, FR and FS (450 g dry matter (DM) per kg) in a 4✕4 Latin-square design. Forage: concentrate ratio was either low (C = 30: 70) or high (F = 55: 45) and starch source either rapidly (R, barley) or slowly (S, maize) degraded in the rumen.Diet preferences were tested. DM intake, chewing activities and performance were determined. Ruminal pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations were measured. Goats were also challenged intravenously with glucose (0·2 g/kg live weight) to assess glucose homeostasis.CR was the most preferred diet. The level of intake differed according to the type of starch (2·2 kg DM per day of CR and FR and 2·0 kg DM per day of CS and FS). FS lowered ruminal pH significantly less than the other diets after the meal. Ruminal NH3-N concentrations were lower in goats given CR and CS than FR and FS. Goats’ resistance to a glucose challenge was not different among diets. Milk yield was 2·00, 1·85, 2·01, 1·85 kg/day on CR, CS, FR and FS respectively. Milk fat content decreased significantly with diets rich in concentrate (24 v. 26 g/kg milk) but milk protein content varied only a little.In conclusion it appears that (1) higher forage: concentrate ratios were less preferred and decreased ruminal acidity but increased daily chewing, ruminal NH3-N and milk fat content; and (2) rapidly degraded starch increased intake, ruminal acidity and milk yield.

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Effect of feeding textured concentrates with alfalfa cubes to lactating dairy cows producing low fat milk

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a96-106 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 735-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. C. Gardner ◽

M. A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽

J. A. Shelford ◽

L. J. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Effect Of Feeding

Twenty–one multiparous Holsteins were used in a cross over design with two 28-d periods. Cows were randomly assigned to two treatments to assess the effect of textured and pelleted concentrates fed with alfalfa cubes on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations. Those animals receiving the textured concentrate had significantly (P < 0.05) higher milk yield and milk fat percentage than did those animals fed the pelleted concentrate. A significant difference in the ratio of milk protein to milk fat was also observed with the cows receiving the pelleted concentrate having a ratio of 1.31 and the cows receiving the textured concentrate a ratio of 1.02. No significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed between the textured and pelleted feeds in total or individual volatile fatty acid concentrations. These results indicate that the feeding of textured concentrates can lead to an increase in milk fat production when compared with the feeding of pelleted concentrates. Key words: Dairy cattle, milk composition, textured and pelleted concentrate, VFA

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Effects of mammae hand massages on oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality in dairy cows

Livestock and Animal Research ◽

10.20961/lar.v19i3.49120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Inggit Kentjonowaty ◽

Achmad Bagus Adhiluhung Mardhotillah ◽

Trinil Susilawati ◽

Puguh Surjowardojo

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Fat Content ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Oxytocin Release

Objective: The objective of this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Mammae Hand Massages (MHM) on oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality in dairy cows.Methods: Twelve dairy cows with the following criterion: 5-yr-old, 1st to 9th month of lactation, and average body weight of 390 ± 5.55 kg were used. Cows were assigned in a randomized block design with 4 treatments, i.e T0 (without massage), T1 (MHM for 20 s), T2 (MHM for 50 s), and T3 (MHM for 80 s). Oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality were measured accordingly.Results: The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that MHM had a very significant effect on milk production (P <0.01) as evidenced by the MHM 50 s treatment obtained the highest average milk production (13.08 ± 3.38 liters/head/day) compared to the MHM 20 s, MHM 80 s and control. MHM (1-1.6 volts) for 50 s resulted in the highest release of oxytocin (0.22955 pcg/0.1mL) at 240 seconds compared to control, MHM 20 s and 80 s. Likewise, the percentage of milk protein content (2.96 ± 0.03) and milk fat content (4.27 ± 0.70) was highest at MHM 50 s.Conclusions: It can be concluded that MHM (1-1.6 volts) for 50 seconds increases the release of oxytocin, milk production, and milk quality in terms of the percentage of milk protein and fat content.

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