Blood and tissue lipid composition and lipase activity in wether lambs treated with trenbolone acetate combined with oestradiol-17 β at two different live weights

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Singh ◽  
J. R. Scaife ◽  
H. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Heparin Plasma ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Experimental Treatments

AbstractThirty-two Border Leicester ♂ × Scottish Blackface ♀ wether lambs aged about 5 months, were divided on the basis of live weight such that group G1 contained the 16 lightest lambs and group G2 the 16 heaviest lambs. Lambs in group G1 were subdivided equally at random to be either sham-implanted controls (group C1) or to be implanted with 35 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) + 5 mg oestradiol-17β (OE) (group T1) at 24 kg initial live weight. Lambs in group G2 were also subdivided into two groups (C2 and T2) and similarly treated approximately 1 month later at 37 kg initial live weight. Animals were offered ad libitum, a diet containing an estimated 12·5 MJ metabolizable energy and 140 g crude protein per kg dry matter. The experimental treatments lasted for 60 days.Samples of pre-heparin plasma were analysed for free fatty acid (FFA) and triglycerides (TG). Post-heparin plasma was analysed for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Samples of subcutaneous (SCAT), perinephric (PNAT), mesenteric (MAT) and intermuscular (IMAT) adipose tissue, liver and muscle, taken immediately post mortem, were analysed for total lipid concentration and fatty acid composition. Comparisons were made for the main effects of hormonal treatment and live weight.Plasma FFA concentrations in heavier lambs (group G2) were significantly higher than in group G1 from week 1 pre-implantation to week 3 post implantation. Compared with group G1, animals in group G2 had significantly higher plasma TG concentrations at weeks 1, 2, 5 and 8 when data was analysed using pre-implantation values as covariates. The lipid concentration was lower in group G1 than in group G2. In group G1 compared with group G2 there were greater proportions of C12:0 and C18:2 in SCAT and C16:1 in PNAT and lesser proportions of C18:0 in SCAT and PNAT.Significant effects due to hormonal treatment were recorded for plasma TG at weeks 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 mainly due to increases in group T1 compared with group C1. Hormonal treatment increased the proportions of C12:0, C15:0, C16:1 and C18:1 in SCAT and C16:1 and C18:1 in IMAT; reduced the proportions of C16:0 and C18:0 in SCAT and C18:0 in MAT and IMAT and reduced the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in SCAT and IMAT and to a lesser extent in MAT.

Growth performance and body composition of wether lambs implanted at two different initial live weights with trenbolone acetate combined with oestradiol-17β

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sulieman ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractThirty-two Border Leicester ♂ × Scottish Blackface ♀ wether lambs, aged about 5 months, were divided into two groups on the basis of live weight, such that group G1 contained the 16 lightest lambs and group G2 the 16 heaviest. Lambs in group G1 were subdivided equally at random either to be sham-implanted controls (Group C1) or to be implanted with 35 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) + 5 mg oestradiol-17β (OE) (group T1) at 24 kg initial live weight. The lambs in group G2 were also subdivided into two groups (groups C2 and T2), and similarly treated approximately 1 month later at 37 kg initial live weight. The lambs were offered ad libitum a diet containing an estimated 12·5 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg dry matter (DM) and 140 g/kg DM crude protein. Comparisons were made for the main effects of hormonal treatment and initial live weight. Both hormonal treatment and initial live weight gave increases for DM intake, gut fill, empty body weight, carcass weight and, in the half carcass side weight, weights of dissected lean tissue, bone and intermuscular fat and chemically determined DM, crude protein and lipid. Weights of mm. semitendinosus, longissimus dorsi, supraspinatus and gastrocnemius were also increased due to hormonal treatment and in group G2 lambs compared with those in group G1. When expressed as a proportion of carcass side weight, hormonal treatment effects were not significant for individual muscles and dissected carcass lean, bone and fat and chemically determined lipid and ash. Variable effects on other body components were recorded for both treatments in the absence of any significant interactions. The responses to hormonal treatment were essentially similar in groups G1 and G2. The question is raised as to the contribution of the greater food intake in implanted lambs to the maintenance of fatness in these animals.

Growth performance and body composition of early weaned wether lambs treated with trenbolone acetate combined with oestradiol–17β

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sulieman ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Gut Fill

ABSTRACTTwenty-eight Border Leicester ♂ × Scottish Blackface ♀ wether lambs aged 47 days and weighing 17 kg on average were allocated to be sham-implanted controls (group C) or implanted with trenbolone acetate (TBA) combined with oestradiol-17β (OE) as follows: 17·5 mg TBA + 2·5 mg OE (group TO1); 35 mg TBA + 5 mg OE (TO2); 52·5 mg TBA + 7·5 mg OE (TO3). The lambs were offered ad libitum a diet containing (per kg dry matter) an estimated 12·5 MJ metabolizable energy and 0·16 kg crude protein. They were slaughtered 60 days following implantation.On average hormonal treatment resulted in significant increases in (a) live-weight gain, food intake and gut fill, (b) proportions of perinephric and retroperitoneal fat in empty body, (c) carcass lean proportion, and (d) proportion of lean in shoulder and rib joints. Variable changes in the weights of m. semitendinosus, m. gastrocnemius and m. supraspinatus were recorded.Hormonal treatment, on average resulted in significant reductions in (a) killing-out proportion, (b) proportions of total fat and subcutaneous fat in carcass and (c) proportions of fat in the shoulder, rib and hind leg joints. Treated lambs had smaller thymus glands but larger accessory vesicular glands. Penile tissue was also increased in treated lambs. The proportional differences in live-weight gain and carcass fat content were 0·15 and 0·12 respectively.Differences in dose level had little effect on growth and carcass characteristics.

Growth performance and body composition of mature female sheep implanted with trenbolone acetate

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sulieman ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Female Sheep

AbstractThe effect of the anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate (TEA) on growth and body composition was studied in Scottish Blackface mature female sheep weighing 45 kg. The sheep were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to be untreated controls (C) or subcutaneously implanted with 20 (Tl), 40 (T2) or 60 (T3) mg TBA 60 days before slaughter. The sheep were offered to appetite a loose-mix diet which contained an estimated 11 M] metabolizable energy and 120 g crude protein per kg dry matter. Live-weight gain and food intake, on average, were not significantly affected by the hormonal treatment which significantly reduced gut fill and significantly increased empty body and chilled carcass weights. Of the carcass tissues which were dissected only weights of total lean and intermuscular fat were significantly increased following TBA implantation. The relative development of fat, lean and bone in the carcass in the hormonally treated compared with control sheep was not significantly altered. The only effects on weights of organs and body parts associated with TBA implantation were increases in fat deposition in omental and perinephric and retroperitoneal depots. There was some evidence of an increasing response to TBA treatment with increasing dose level for weights of chilled carcass, carcass lean and the ratio of subcutaneous fat to intermuscular fat.

A note on the response of British Friesian steers to trenbolone acetate and hexoestrol, and to alternation in dietary energy intake

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Galbraith ◽  
K. J. Geraghty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Dietary Energy Intake ◽  
Main Effects

ABSTRACTFour steers from a group of eight British Friesian steers were implanted with 300 mg trenbolone acetate and 30 mg hexoestrol at the beginning of a 90-day trial period. The remainder were untreated. They were offered diets that varied in estimated content of metabolizable energy as follows (MJ/day): day 0 to 34 (period A), 100; day 35 to 60 (period B), 50; and day 61 to 90 (period C), 75 increasing to 110. Implanted steers gained significantly more live weight in periods A and C, and lost less in period B, than controls. Implanted steers had significantly elevated concentrations of plasma glucose in period A, and lower values for plasma urea and serum albumin throughout. Differences between control and implanted steers for the other blood constituents studied, including growth hormone, insulin and prolactin, were small and not significant. The main effects of changes in dietary energy intake on blood composition included significant increases in both groups of animals in the concentration of free fatty acids and growth hormone during underfeeding (period B). These concentrations decreased in period C, concomitant with significant increases in the concentrations of insulin and prolactin.

The digestible and metabolizable energy of two fat blends for growing pigs as influenced by level of inclusion

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wiseman ◽  
D. J. A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Quadratic Functions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Rate Of Decline

AbstractTwo fat blends differing in free fatty acid concentration and fatty acid composition were included in cereal-based diets at concentrations of 10, 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110g/kg. The digestible (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy of each diet were estimated in a metabolism experiment based on three 4 × 4 Latin squares using gilts of 30 kg initial live weight fitted with indwelling bladder catheters. With increasing dietary fat both DE and ME increased linearly (P < 0·001) and the linear equations derived were used to calculate the DE values of the two fats by extrapolation. Values were 26·4 and 24·2 MJ/kg respectively for fats A and B. The change in dietary D E and ME to increasing dietary fat concentration showed a curvilinear trend (P = 0·0987 and 0·1268 respectively for DE and ME ) indicating that fats may not be correctly evaluated at only one rate of inclusion. The quadratic functions derived were interpolated to provide DE and ME data for the two fats. Values for DE for fat A ranged from 32·7 o t 25·7 MJ/kg at 10 and HOg/kg, and for fat B from 38·6 to 26·3 MJ/kg at 10 and 110 g/kg. Data for ME followed similar trends. It was concluded that multi-level assays are important in the evaluation of fats and that the rate of decline of fat DE and ME was specific to the fat examined.

scholarly journals Meat lipid profile of steers finished in pearl millet pasture with different rates of concentrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Glasenapp de Menezes ◽  
Luciane Rumpel Segabinazzi ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Leandro da Silva Freitas ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective of this work was to evaluate the meat lipid profile from Devon beef steers finished in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) pasture and fed at different rates of concentrate supplementary diet. Twelve steers weighing 270 kg, at 12‑month‑average initial age, were randomly distributed into three treatments: pearl millet pasture; and pearl millet pasture plus a concentrate equivalent at 0.5 or 1.0% of body weight, with two replicates. Total contents of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, the polyunsaturated:saturated ratio and other relevant fatty acids as the vaccenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, omega‑3, and omega‑6 were not affected by the consumption of a concentrate supplement at 0.5 or 1.0% live weight. However, the 0.5% supplementation level reduced the concentration of dihomo‑γ‑linolenic fatty acid (C20: 3 n‑6), while the 1.0% supplementation level elevated the content of docosahexaenoic (DHA) (C22: 6 n‑3) fatty acid, and the omega‑6:omega‑3 ratio in meat. Consumption of up to 1.0% energy supplementation increases the omega‑6:omega‑3 ratio in meat from Devon steers grazing on pearl millet pasture.

scholarly journals Effect of extract from common oat on the antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of the muscular tissues of geese

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314
Author(s):  
O. O. Danchenko ◽  
Y. V. Nicolaeva ◽  
O. I. Koshelev ◽  
M. M. Danchenko ◽  
O. V. Yakoviichuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Physiological Loading ◽  
Muscle Dynamics ◽  
Antioxidative Protection

Among natural antioxidants, increasing attention is being drawn to avenanthramides - phenolic compounds of the common oat Avena sativa (Linnaeus, 1753). Research has shown that avenanthramides have much higher antioxidant activity than well-known bioflavanoids. Currently, a great deal of work is being conducted on the structure of these compounds and mechanisms of their effect on the organism of humans and animals. We explored the specifics of the influence of aqueous extract from A. satíva on the antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of lipids of histologically similar tissues of geese with different levels of aerobicity (muscles of the stomach and cardiac muscle), dynamics of the birds’ live weight and pterylographic parameters under physiological loading by the development of contour and juvenile feathers. The addition of extract of oat to the diet of geese during growth of feathers was observed to increase the antioxidant activity of their tissues. Physiological loading related to the development of contour feathers in the examined tissues of geese significantly weakens as a result of selective inhibition of synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, the content of which in 28-day old geese of the experimental group decreased by 31.7 in the cardiac muscle and 46.8 times in the stomach, compared with the control. Further changes in fatty acid composition were characterized by lower number of differences between the control and experimental groups. Increase in antioxidant activity in these tissues during development of juvenile feathers (day 49) occurs as a result of activation of alternative mechanisms of antioxidative protection, which take place with no significant changes in fatty acid composition. Furthermore, we determined that in the stomach and cardiac muscles of geese, the action of extract from common oat activated mechanisms of antioxidative protection, which increased the level of correlation between the changes in fatty acid composition. The study confirmed that the extract caused not only significant increase in the weight of geese at the end of the experiment, but also improved their pterylographic parameters. Therefore, it is practical to conduct similar studies on wild species of birds grown for hunting, because this process of development of feathers, particularly for such species of birds, is essential.

scholarly journals Relations between plasma non-esterified fatty acid metabolism and body tissue mobilization during chronic undernutrition in goats

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
A. W. Bell ◽  
T. E. Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Chronic Undernutrition ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Water Space

1. Eleven mature goats were offered 140 kJ metabolizable energy/kg per d (M) of lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay-oaten grain (1:1, w/w) for at least 1 month before plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) kinetics and tritiated water space (TS) were determined.2. Goats were then fed at M, 0.5 M or 0.25 M for 34 (se 6) d, at which time the experimental procedures were repeated.3. Chronic undernutrition resulted in elevated NEFA concentrations and NEFA entry rate, with a tendency for the ratio plasma NEFA:glycerol to increase, suggesting that body-fat mobilization during prolonged underfeeding is due more to decreased lipogenesis and intracellular NEFA re-esterification rather than to increased lipolysis.4. Plasma NEFA concentrations and NEFA entry rate, as well as being highly correlated with each other, were significantly related to calculated energy balance and body fat losses estimated from changes in live weight and TS.5. Increases in NEFA entry rate were highly correlated with, and of the same magnitude as, body fat losses, confirming that NEFA kinetics do quantitatively reflect lipid mobilization.

The effect of implantation of trenbolone acetate and oestradiol-17β in wether lambs at two initial live weights on concentrations of steroidal residues and blood glucose, urea and thyroid hormones

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley J. MacVinish ◽  
H. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Perinephric Fat ◽  
Plasma Triiodothyronine

AbstractThirty-two Border Leicester ♂ × Scottish Blackface ♀ wether lambs aged about 5 months were divided into two groups on the basis of live weight such that group Gl contained the 16 lightest lambs and group G2 the 16 heaviest. Lambs in group Gl were subdivided equally at random either to be sham-implanted controls (group C1) or to be implanted with 35 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) + 5 mg oestradiol-17β (group T1) at 24 kg initial live weight. The lambs in group G2 were also subdivided into two groups (groups C2 and T2) and similarly treated approximately 1 month later at 37 kg initial live weight. The lambs were offered ad libitum a good-quality diet. They were slaughtered 60 days after implantation. Comparisons were made for the main effects of hormonal treatment and initial live weight.Concentrations in blood of 17-β-hydroxy-trenbolone (TBOH) and oestradiol-17β (OE) measured by radioimmunoassay peaked within 1 to 3 weeks after implantation and declined thereafter. Maximum concentrations and concentrations at slaughter respectively were 1·46 and 0·32 μg/l (group T1) and 0·78 and 0·28 μg/l (T2) for TBOH and 85 and 33 μg/1 (T1) and 59 and 37 ng/l (T2) for OE. Values up to week 7 were consistently greater in implanted animals in group T1 than in group T2. Hormonal implantation decreased the concentrations of total plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine and urea and increased values for glucose up to week 5 or 6 after implantation. The animals in group G1 compared with G2 had, on average, variably lower concentrations in plasma of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, glucose and urea.The highest concentrations of solvent-extractable residues were obtained in samples of kidney and liver (up to about 500 ng/kg for TBOH and 180 ng/kg for OE) with intermediate levels for fat and lowest levels for muscle. Conjugated trenbolone ranging from 45 to 186 ng/kg was present in samples of kidney, liver and perinephric fat. Trenbolone acetate was detected only in samples of fat. Variable effects of live weight at implantation on residue levels were recorded.

Effects of trenbolone acetate and resorcylic acid lactone on protein metabolism and growth in steers

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Acid Lactone

ABSTRACTTwenty-four castrate male cattle were used in two nutritional balance and slaughter experiments to measure the effects of two implantations with 300 mg trenbolone acetate and 36 mg resorcylic acid lactone over the live-weight range 250 to 400 kg. Control and implanted animals were pair-fed barley-based diets of differing protein concentration in the first experiment and the lower protein diet at two levels of feeding in the second experiment.Daily live-weight gain and nitrogen retention were significantly increased by implantation in both experiments. The carcasses of implanted animals contained significantly more lean meat and a higher proportion of meat in the forequarter. The edible portion of these carcasses contained significantly more protein and water and less fat.Live-weight gain and carcass composition were not influenced by dietary protein intake. Increased feeding level improved live-weight gain, suggesting that a higher metabolizable energy intake would give an increased response to implantation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document