scholarly journals Longitudinal comparisons of dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in 7- to 13-year-old children

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Andrew D. A. C. Smith ◽  
P. K. Newby ◽  
Pauline M. Emmett
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Little is known about changes in dietary patterns over time. The present study aims to derive dietary patterns using cluster analysis at three ages in children and track these patterns over time. In all, 3 d diet diaries were completed for children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children at 7, 10 and 13 years. Children were grouped based on the similarities between average weight consumed (g/d) of sixty-two food groups using k-means cluster analysis. A total of four clusters were obtained at each age, with very similar patterns being described at each time point: Processed (high consumption of processed foods, chips and soft drinks), Healthy (high consumption of high-fibre bread, fruit, vegetables and water), Traditional (high consumption of meat, potatoes and vegetables) and Packed Lunch (high consumption of white bread, sandwich fillings and snacks). The number of children remaining in the same cluster at different ages was reasonably high: 50 and 43 % of children in the Healthy and Processed clusters, respectively, at age 7 years were in the same clusters at age 13 years. Maternal education was the strongest predictor of remaining in the Healthy cluster at each time point – children whose mothers had the highest level of education were nine times more likely to remain in that cluster compared to those with the lowest. Cluster analysis provides a simple way of examining changes in dietary patterns over time, and similar underlying patterns of diet at two ages during late childhood, that persisted through to early adolescence.

scholarly journals Nutritional intake and dietary patterns in pregnancy: a longitudinal study of women with lifetime eating disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 2093-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Micali ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Pauline Emmett ◽  
Ulrike Naumann ◽  
Janet L. Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
In Pregnancy

There is limited knowledge about dietary patterns and nutrient/food intake during pregnancy in women with lifetime eating disorders (ED). The objective of the present study was to determine patterns of food and nutrient intake in women with lifetime ED as part of an existing longitudinal population-based cohort: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Women with singleton pregnancies and no lifetime psychiatric disorders other than ED (n 9723) were compared with women who reported lifetime (ever) ED: (anorexia nervosa (AN, n 151), bulimia nervosa (BN, n 186) or both (AN+BN, n 77)). Women reported usual food consumption using a FFQ at 32 weeks of gestation. Nutrient intakes, frequency of consumption of food groups and overall dietary patterns were examined. Women with lifetime ED were compared with control women using linear regression and logistic regression (as appropriate) after adjustment for relevant covariates, and for multiple comparisons. Women with lifetime ED scored higher on the ‘vegetarian’ dietary pattern; they had a lower intake of meat, which was compensated by a higher consumption of soya products and pulses compared with the controls. Lifetime AN increased the risk for a high ( ≥ 2500 g/week) caffeine consumption in pregnancy. No deficiencies in mineral and vitamin intake were evident across the groups, although small differences were observed in macronutrient intakes. In conclusion, despite some differences in food group consumption, women with lifetime ED had similar patterns of nutrient intake to healthy controls. Important differences in relation to meat eating and vegetarianism were highlighted, as well as high caffeine consumption. These differences might have an important impact on fetal development.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns in Irish adolescents: a comparison of cluster and principal component analyses

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine P Hearty ◽  
Michael J Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Main Meal ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectivePattern analysis of adolescent diets may provide an important basis for nutritional health promotion. The aims of the present study were to examine and compare dietary patterns in adolescents using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) and to examine the impact of the format of the dietary variables on the solutions.DesignAnalysis was based on the Irish National Teens Food Survey, in which food intake data were collected using a semi-quantitative 7 d food diary. Thirty-two food groups were created and were expressed as either g/d or percentage contribution to total energy. Dietary patterns were identified using cluster analysis (k-means) and PCA.SettingRepublic of Ireland, 2005–2006.SubjectsA representative sample of 441 adolescents aged 13–17 years.ResultsFive clusters based on percentage contribution to total energy were identified, ‘Healthy’, ‘Unhealthy’, ‘Rice/Pasta dishes’, ‘Sandwich’ and ‘Breakfast cereal & Main meal-type foods’. Four principal components based on g/d were identified which explained 28 % of total variance: ‘Healthy foods’, ‘Traditional foods’, ‘Sandwich foods’ and ‘Unhealthy foods’.ConclusionsA ‘Sandwich’ and an ‘Unhealthy’ pattern are the main dietary patterns in this sample. Patterns derived from either cluster analysis or PCA were comparable, although it appears that cluster analysis also identifies dietary patterns not identified through PCA, such as a ‘Breakfast cereal & Main meal-type foods’ pattern. Consideration of the format of the dietary variable is important as it can directly impact on the patterns obtained for both cluster analysis and PCA.

scholarly journals The reproducibility and stability of dietary patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orla Prendiville ◽  
Aoife E. McNamara ◽  
Lorraine Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Time Points

AbstractA person's dietary intake consists of multiple foods eaten as part of a meal as opposed to any one single food/nutrient. Therefore, it is important to understand the interactions between foods and how they affect diet-disease associations. As a result, dietary patterns have emerged as important tools in nutrition research. The objective of the current study is to assess the reproducibility and stability of dietary patterns across four different time-points. Anthropometric measurements were taken from a subset of participants of a free-living cohort study (n = 94), followed by the administration of a 24-hour dietary recall once a month, for four months. The dietary data was entered into dietary analysis software, Nutritics, by two researchers independently, and cross-checked. Foods were assigned to one of 33 predefined food groups, which were further collapsed to 18 food groups based on previous research. Statistical analysis was then performed on the final dataset. Intra-class correlation coefficients were derived to assess the reproducibility of each food group across the four time-points. Variables were standardized using z-scores and dietary patterns were derived using K-means cluster analysis. Stability was assessed by coding participants into one of six groups based on their dietary pattern transition between visit one and four. Analysis of this sub cohort revealed that the intake of food groups (% energy contribution) was reproducible across the time-points. The majority had good to very good agreement, with vegetables and vegetable dishes having the strongest agreement (ICC = 0.831) followed by milk and yogurts (ICC = 0.773), fruit and fruit dishes (ICC = 0.729), and breakfast cereals (ICC = 0.680). Two distinct dietary patterns were identified at each time-point; a ‘Healthy’ and an ‘Unhealthy’ dietary pattern. The ‘Healthy’ dietary pattern was characterized by a significantly higher energy contribution (p < 0.05) from the following food groups – vegetables and vegetable dishes; fruit and fruit dishes; milk and yogurts; breakfast cereals; butter, spreading fats and oils. The analysis on stability demonstrated 42% of participants remained in the same dietary pattern, while 58% transitioned from one dietary pattern to the other. Our results to date demonstrate that two distinct dietary patterns can be derived across multiple time-points using cluster analysis and the food group composition of these dietary patterns can be considered reproducible. Future work will explore these dietary patterns further incorporating the entire cohort and linking stability to health parameters.

scholarly journals Comparison of cluster and principal component analysis techniques to derive dietary patterns in Irish adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine P. Hearty ◽  
Michael J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Group Variable

The aims of the present study were to examine and compare dietary patterns in adults using cluster and factor analyses and to examine the format of the dietary variables on the pattern solutions (i.e. expressed as grams/day (g/d) of each food group or as the percentage contribution to total energy intake). Food intake data were derived from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey 1997–9, which was a randomised cross-sectional study of 7 d recorded food and nutrient intakes of a representative sample of 1379 Irish adults aged 18–64 years. Cluster analysis was performed using thek-means algorithm and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract dietary factors. Food data were reduced to thirty-three food groups. For cluster analysis, the most suitable format of the food-group variable was found to be the percentage contribution to energy intake, which produced six clusters: ‘Traditional Irish’; ‘Continental’; ‘Unhealthy foods’; ‘Light-meal foods & low-fat milk’; ‘Healthy foods’; ‘Wholemeal bread & desserts’. For PCA, food groups in the format of g/d were found to be the most suitable format, and this revealed four dietary patterns: ‘Unhealthy foods & high alcohol’; ‘Traditional Irish’; ‘Healthy foods’; ‘Sweet convenience foods & low alcohol’. In summary, cluster and PCA identified similar dietary patterns when presented with the same dataset. However, the two dietary pattern methods required a different format of the food-group variable, and the most appropriate format of the input variable should be considered in future studies.

scholarly journals Secular trends in dietary patterns of young children in Brazil from 1996 to 2006

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 2937-2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi ◽  
Wolney Lisboa Conde
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractObjectiveTo describe dietary patterns (DP) from 1996 to 2006 and in the first 5 years of life and to explore individual and contextual characteristics associated with each DP.DesignDP were defined by principal component analysis. The association between DP and individual (sociodemographic, maternal and child) and contextual (geographic regional and year) characteristics was analysed by multilevel analysis.SettingTwo complex probabilistic Brazilian Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS 1996, 2006).SubjectsBrazilian children under 5 years of age.ResultsDP1 included yoghurt, vegetables, fruits, tubers, red meat. DP2 included liquids, milk, fruits, egg/chicken/fish, red meat, breast milk (negative loading). DP3 included fruit juices, ‘papilla’, yoghurt, red meat (negative loading). DP4 included formulas, milk, enriched ‘papilla’, egg/chicken/fish (negative loading). DP prevalence within the age range from 1996 to 2006 remained constant for DP1; increased after 12 and 6 months, respectively, for DP2 and DP3; and decreased for DP4. DP1 was explained by higher maternal education, wealth, lower number of children at home; DP2 by living in rural area and younger mothers; and DP4 by lower maternal education and wealth. The total variance of the model attributable to geographic region was 30·2, 20·7 and 54·2 % for DP2, DP3 and DP4, respectively.ConclusionsDP trends observed from 1996 to 2006 show positive aspects, such as: maintenance of DP1 as the main DP after 12 months; an increase in the prevalence of DP2 and DP3 followed by a decrease of DP4 after 6 months. DP1 is explained mainly by socio-economic factors, regardless of contextual characteristics, and DP2, DP3, DP4 are partially explained by contextual effects.

Are clusters of dietary patterns and cluster membership stable over time? Results of a longitudinal cluster analysis study

Appetite ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Jean Louis Walthouwer ◽  
Anke Oenema ◽  
Katja Soetens ◽  
Lilian Lechner ◽  
Hein de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Diversity of dietary patterns observed in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) project

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6b) ◽  
pp. 1311-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Slimani ◽  
M Fahey ◽  
A Welch ◽  
E Wirfält ◽  
C Stripp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjective:To describe the diversity in dietary patterns existing across centres/regions participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Design and setting:Single 24-hour dietary recall measurements were obtained by means of standardised face-to-face interviews using the EPIC-SOFT software. These have been used to present a graphic multi-dimensional comparison of the adjusted mean consumption of 22 food groups.Subjects:In total, 35 955 men and women, aged 35–74 years, participating in the EPIC nested calibration study.Results:Although wide differences were observed across centres, the countries participating in EPIC are characterised by specific dietary patterns. Overall, Italy and Greece have a dietary pattern characterised by plant foods (except potatoes) and a lower consumption of animal and processed foods, compared with the other EPIC countries. France and particularly Spain have more heterogeneous dietary patterns, with a relatively high consumption of both plant foods and animal products. Apart from characteristics specific to vegetarian groups, the UK ‘health-conscious’ group shares with the UK general population a relatively high consumption of tea, sauces, cakes, soft drinks (women), margarine and butter. In contrast, the diet in the Nordic countries, The Netherlands, Germany and the UK general population is relatively high in potatoes and animal, processed and sweetened/refined foods, with proportions varying across countries/centres. In these countries, consumption of vegetables and fruit is similar to, or below, the overall EPIC means, and is low for legumes and vegetable oils. Overall, dietary patterns were similar for men and women, although there were large gender differences for certain food groups.Conclusions:There are considerable differences in food group consumption and dietary patterns among the EPIC study populations. This large heterogeneity should be an advantage when investigating the relationship between diet and cancer and formulating new aetiological hypotheses related to dietary patterns and disease.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns are not associated with overweight and obesity in a sample of 8900 Chinese preschool children from four cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erigene Rutayisire ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Kun Huang ◽  
Shuman Tao ◽  
Yunxiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Consumption

AbstractGlobally, the prevalence of childhood obesity has substantially increased at an alarming rate. This study investigated associations between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity in 3- to 6-year-old children. Recruited children were from four prefecture-level cities in Eastern China. Childhood overweight and obesity were defined according to WHO Child Growth Standards. Individual dietary patterns were assessed by a comprehensive self-administered FFQ using thirty-five food items. Using factor analysis two dietary patterns were derived: the traditional Chinese pattern was characterised by high consumption of cereals, vegetables and fresh juices while the modern pattern was characterised by high consumption of Western fast food, Chinese fast food, sweets/sugary foods and carbonated beverages. The associations of dietary patterns with overweight/obesity were evaluated by logistic regression models. Data of 8900 preschool children from thirty-five kindergartens recruited from March to June 2015 were used in the final analysis. Adherence to the modern dietary pattern was positively associated with children's age while adherence to the traditional dietary pattern was positively associated with maternal education; these associations were statistically significant. After adjustment, we found that being in the highest tertile of any identified dietary patterns was not significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Dietary patterns are not associated with overweight/obesity in Chinese preschool children. Prospective studies are needed to establish a causal link between dietary patterns and childhood obesity.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Are Not Consistently Associated with Variability in Blood Lead Concentrations in Pregnant British Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1036
Author(s):  
Caroline M Taylor ◽  
Rita Doerner ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Katarzyna Kordas
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Background During pregnancy lead crosses the placenta freely and can have adverse effects on the fetus, with the potential for lifelong impact on the child. Identification of dietary patterns and food groups in relation to measures of lead status could provide a more useful alternative to nutrient-specific advice to minimize fetal lead exposure. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary patterns and food groups are associated with blood lead concentration (B-Pb) in pregnancy. Design Whole blood samples were collected at a median of 11 wk gestation (IQR 9–13 wk) from women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort study, and analyzed for lead. Dietary pattern scores were derived from principal components analysis of a food-frequency questionnaire (32 wk gestation). Associations of dietary pattern scores (quartiles), and of food groups (frequency of consumption), with the likelihood of B-Pb ≥5 µg/dL identified with adjusted logistic regression (n = 2167 complete cases). Results There was a negative association between the “confectionery” dietary pattern and the likelihood of B-Pb ≥5 µg/dL (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.94) in an adjusted model. There were no associations with other dietary patterns. There was a positive association between the food group “all leafy green and green vegetables” and the likelihood of B-Pb ≥5 µg/dL (OR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.01). Conversely, the food group “cakes and biscuits” was negatively associated (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.93). After multiple imputation, there was a positive association of the “healthy” diet pattern and no association of the “confectionery” pattern. Conclusions We found limited evidence of an association between women's typical diet and B-Pb during pregnancy. Our findings do not indicate need to revise dietary guidance for pregnant women, who are advised to adopt a healthy diet in pregnancy, with a variety of foods consumed in moderation.

scholarly journals A comparison of methods to assess changes in dietary patterns from pregnancy to 4 years post-partum obtained using principal components analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Pauline M. Emmett
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Applied Method ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Time Point

Few studies have examined the longitudinal nature of dietary patterns obtained using principal components analysis (PCA); the methods used are inconsistent. This paper investigates the methodologies used to assess stability and changes in such patterns. Pregnant women recorded frequency of consumption of various food items as part of regular self-completed questionnaires in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. This was repeated when their children were 4 years of age; 8953 women provided data at both times. Dietary patterns were identified using PCA and component scores were calculated at each time point. Additional ‘applied’ scores were created at 4 years using the loadings obtained from the PCA on the pregnancy data. Correlations were similar for each component across the time points, though slightly larger using the applied method. The applied scores were considerably lower on average than those obtained from separate PCA at 4 years. Women's scores decreased on ‘health conscious’ and ‘confectionery’ components while ‘processed’ and ‘vegetarian’ scores both increased over the 4-year period. In contrast, applied scores were systematically lower for all components. When split into quintiles, weighted κ was slightly higher between pregnancy and applied 4-year scores compared to the separate scores. In this cohort it was felt that the ‘applied’ method to obtain scores at the second time point was inappropriate, primarily due to the differences in FFQ between the two time points. We recommend that future studies using such ‘applied’ scores compare them with cross-sectional scores and consider the implications of any differences.

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