Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS supplementation on intestinal and systemic markers of inflammation in ApoE*3Leiden mice consuming a high-fat diet

A high-fat diet disturbs the composition and function of the gut microbiota and generates local gut-associated and also systemic responses. Intestinal mast cells, for their part, secrete mediators which play a role in the orchestration of physiological and immunological functions of the intestine. Probiotic bacteria, again, help to maintain the homeostasis of the gut microbiota by protecting the gut epithelium and regulating the local immune system. In the present study, we explored the effects of two probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (GG) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii spp. shermanii JS (PJS), on high fat-fed ApoE*3Leiden mice by estimating the mast cell numbers and the immunoreactivity of TNF-α and IL-10 in the intestine, as well as plasma levels of several markers of inflammation and parameters of lipid metabolism. We found that mice that received GG and PJS exhibited significantly lower numbers of intestinal mast cells compared with control mice. PJS lowered intestinal immunoreactivity of TNF-α, while GG increased intestinal IL-10. PJS was also observed to lower the plasma levels of markers of inflammation including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and also the amount of gonadal adipose tissue. GG lowered alanine aminotransferase, a marker of hepatocellular activation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that probiotic GG and PJS tend to down-regulate both intestinal and systemic pro-inflammatory changes induced by a high-fat diet in this humanised mouse model.

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Chlorogenic Acid and Geniposide Combination Prevents NASH in Rats Fed High-fat diet via Microbiota and TLR4-LPS Pathway

10.21203/rs.3.rs-238577/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhijia Zhou ◽

Lingxia Xu ◽

Shaoliang Zhang ◽

Shilin Xu ◽

Yanmiao Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Variable Region ◽

High Fat ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Factor Α

Abstract Objective: Chlorogenic acid and geniposide (CG) are derived from traditional Chinese medicine, Yinchenhao Recipe (QCHR), and can improve the clinical efficacy of NASH patients. This study investigated the effects of CG on NASH and expounded its Potential mechanism of action through the LPS-TLR4 pathway and microbiota. Methods: Rats were randomized into Control (C), Model (M), Chlorogenic Acid and Geniposide (CG), Pioglitazone (PH) and Bifico (B) groups. After an 8-week high-fat diet (HFD), CG, PH and B oral treatment were initiated and carried out for a further 8 weeks. The stool samples were used in a16S rDNA V4 highly variable region measurement method in order to regulate the role of CG in gut microbiota. The concentrations of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS were detected by the corresponding methods. Results: Observations were made that CG significantly improved the pathology of the liver and terminal ileum tissue. The accumulation of TG and the content of inflammatory cytokines in the liver were significantly decreased and the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly down-regulated. The expression of TLR4, AP-1, MyD88, and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 were significantly decreased. All the findings above indicated that CG was highly effective in improving the composition of gut microbiota, decreasing the production of endogenous LPS, and reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines through the gut-liver axis.Conclusion: CG can regulate the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbial community and improve liver inflammation and steatosis in NASH rats by reducing LPS-TLR4-mediated inflammation.

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain LRH05 intervention ameliorated body weight gain and adipose inflammation via modulating the gut microbiota in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research ◽

10.1002/mnfr.202100348 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2100348

Author(s):

Yung‐Tsung Chen ◽

Shiou‐Yun Chiou ◽

Ai‐Hua Hsu ◽

Yu‐Chun Lin ◽

Jin‐Seng Lin

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Adipose Inflammation

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Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains Differently Modulate Gut Microbiota and Metabolic and Immunological Parameters in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.718564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Emanuel Fabersani ◽

Antonela Marquez ◽

Matías Russo ◽

Romina Ross ◽

Sebastián Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Obese Control

Background: Dietary strategies, including the use of probiotics as preventive agents that modulate the gut microbiota and regulate the function of adipose tissue, are suitable tools for the prevention or amelioration of obesity and its comorbidities. We aimed to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with different adipo- and immuno-modulatory capacities on metabolic and immunological parameters and intestinal composition microbiota in high-fat-diet-induced in mice fed a high-fat dietMethods: Balb/c weaning male mice were fed a standard (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) with or without supplementation with Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 (CRL1446), Lactococcus lactis CRL1434 (CRL1434), or Lacticaseibacillus casei CRL431 (CRL431) for 45 days. Biochemical and immunological parameters, white-adipose tissue histology, gut microbiota composition, and ex vivo cellular functionality (adipocytes and macrophages) were evaluated in SD and HFD mice.Results: CRL1446 and CRL1434 administration, unlike CRL431, induced significant changes in the body and adipose tissue weights and the size of adipocytes. Also, these strains caused a decrease in plasmatic glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 levels, and an increase of IL-10. The CRL1446 and CRL1434 obese adipocyte in ex vivo functionality assays showed, after LPS stimulus, a reduction in leptin secretion compared to obese control, while with CRL431, no change was observed. In macrophages from obese mice fed with CRL1446 and CRL1434, after LPS stimulus, lower levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6 compared to obese control were observed. In contrast, CRL431 did not induce modification of cytokine values. Regarding gut microbiota, all strain administration caused a decrease in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes index and diversity. As well as, related to genus results, all strains increased, mainly the genera Alistipes, Dorea, Barnesiella, and Clostridium XIVa. CRL1446 induced a higher increase in the Lactobacillus genus during the study period.Conclusions: The tested probiotic strains differentially modulated the intestinal microbiota and metabolic/immunological parameters in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. These results suggest that CRL1446 and CRL1434 strains could be used as adjuvant probiotics strains for nutritional treatment to obesity and overweight. At the same time, the CRL431 strain could be more beneficial in pathologies that require regulation of the immune system.

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Preventive Effect of Resveratrol on Caerulein-induced Acute Pancreatitis in High-fat diet-feeding Mice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-154402/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoying Zhang ◽

Guodong Yang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Mice Model ◽

High Fat ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Related Proteins

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of resveratrol in high fat diet (HFD) and hyperlipidemia AP (HTG-AP) mice model. Methods: Following successful establishment of the HFD and HTG-AP mice model, resveratrol was administrated. 16sRNA sequencing of gut microbiota in colonic fecal, the LPS, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 expressions in serum, and MCP-1 expression of the pancreatic tissues were measured in HFD model. The MDA, SOD, T-AOC, TNF-α, and MCP-1 expressions; the NF‑κB proinflammatory signaling pathway‑related proteins in pancreatic tissues were determined. Histopathological examination was evaluated in both models.Results: Resveratrol effectively inhibited pancreatic pathological injury in both models. It reduced the MDA, SOD, T-AOC, TNF-α, and MCP-1 expressions and changed composition of gut microbiota in feces compared with the HFD model. Resveratrol also reduced oxidative stress by decreasing the level of MDA and increasing the levels of SOD and T-AOC. TNF-α and MCP-1 were decreased following the administration of resveratrol. Furthermore, resveratrol suppressed the NF‑κB proinflammatory signaling pathway in pancreatic tissues.Conclusions: The study suggested that resveratrol had therapeutic effect on HFD and HTG-AP mice model by regulating the gut microbiota, promoting antioxidant capacity and inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines via the NF‑κB inflammatory pathway. The results can provide evidence that resveratrol might be regarded as a promising therapeutic agent for HTG-AP.

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High Fat Diet Dysbiotic Mechanism of Decreased Gingival Blood Flow

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.625780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Dragana Stanisic ◽

Nevena Jeremic ◽

Suravi Majumder ◽

Sathnur Pushpakumar ◽

Akash George ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Matrix Remodeling ◽

High Fat ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Gingival Blood Flow ◽

Tnf Α

The gut microbiome has a very important role in human health and its influence on the development of numerous diseases is well known. In this study, we investigated the effect of high fat diet (HFD) on the onset of dysbiosis, gingival blood flow decreases, and the periodontal matrix remodeling. We established a dysbiosis model (HFD group) and probiotic model by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) treatment for 12weeks. Fecal samples were collected 24h before mice sacrificing, while short chain fatty acids (SCFA) analysis, DNA extraction, and sequencing for metagenomic analysis were performed afterwards. After sacrificing the animals, we collected periodontal tissues and conducted comprehensive morphological and genetic analyses. While HFD reduced Bacteroidetes, SCFA, and gingival blood flow, this type of diet increased Firmicutes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein, TLR4, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) expression, and also altered markers of bone resorption (OPG and RANKL). However, LGG treatment mitigated these effects. Thus, it was observed that HFD increased molecular remodeling via inflammation, matrix degradation, and functional remodeling and consequently cause reduced gingival blood flow. All of these changes may lead to the alveolar bone loss and the development of periodontal disease.

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MO099REPROGRAMMING HYPERTENSION PROGRAMMED BY HIGH-FAT DIET: THE ROLE OF GARLIC OIL

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab106.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

You-Lin Tain ◽

Chien-Ning Hsu

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

High Fat ◽

Garlic Oil ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

No Bioavailability ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background and Aims Perinatal high-fat (HF) diet programs high blood pressure (BP) in adult offspring. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has shown benefits in hypertension by restoration of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and alterations of gut microbiota. Garlic, a naturally dietary source of H2S donors, supplementation has shown benefits in hypertension. We aimed to examine whether maternal garlic oil supplementation can prevent hypertension programmed by maternal and post-weaning high-fat diet in adult offspring and whether its protective effects are related to mediation of H2S-genetaing system, alterations of gut microbiota composition, and microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Method Pregnant rats received either a normal diet (ND) or HF diet (D12331, Research Diets, Inc.) Garlic oil (GO) or vesicle was administered daily by oral gavage at 100 mg/kg/day during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were weaned at 3 weeks of age, and onto either ND or HF diet to 16 weeks of age. Male offspring were assigned to four groups (n=8/group): ND, HF, ND+GO, and HF+GO. Garlic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation protected against programmed hypertension in adult male offspring fed with HF diet. All offspring were killed at 16 weeks of age. NO-related parameters were analyzed by HPLC. Plasma levels of SCFA were determined using GC-MS method. Fecal microbial community was analyzed using a combination of 16S rRNA gene and fecal metagenome sequence analysis. Results Garlic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation protected against programmed hypertension in adult male offspring fed with HF diet. Garlic oil supplementation caused a significant increase in plasma levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. NO bioavailability was augmented by garlic oil supplementation, represented by decreases of plasma levels of asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) levels, and increased plasma L-arginine-to-ADMA ratio (AAR). HF intake associated with decreased α-diversity was quantified by Shannon diversity index. The Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) demonstrated the difference in the gut microbiota among the four groups existed (All p < 0.05), indicating that four groups had distinct enterotypes. Additionally, garlic oil supplementation increased abundance of genus Lactobacillus, but decreased genera Turicibacter and Staphylococcus. Moreover, the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm analysis identified several microbial markers including genera Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, and Turicibacter. Conclusion The beneficial effects of garlic oil were associated with increased renal mRNA expression and activity of H2S-generating enzymes, increased NO bioavailability, increased plasma SCFA levels, and alterations of gut microbiota composition. Our data revealed associations between H2S-generating pathway in the gut and kidneys, NO system, gut microbiota, and microbiota-derived metabolites in hypertension programmed by HF intake and provided insight to garlic oil as a hypertension reprogramming strategy for further translational research.

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Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 on the Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.4014/jmb.1409.09085 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 687-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Dawei Chen ◽

Zhenquan Yang ◽

Xia Chen ◽

Yujun Huang ◽

Boxing Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

High Fat

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Pistachio Consumption Alleviates Inflammation and Improves Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21010365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 365 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Simona Terzo ◽

Flavia Mulè ◽

Gaetano Felice Caldara ◽

Sara Baldassano ◽

Roberto Puleio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

High Fat ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

Tnf Α

High-fat diet (HFD) induces inflammation and microbial dysbiosis, which are components of the metabolic syndrome. Nutritional strategies can be a valid tool to prevent metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the chronic intake of pistachio prevents obesity-associated inflammation and dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice. Three groups of male mice (four weeks old; n = 8 per group) were fed for 16 weeks with a standard diet (STD), HFD, or HFD supplemented with pistachios (HFD-P; 180 g/kg of HFD). Serum, hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation markers were analyzed in HFD-P animals and compared to HFD and STD groups. Measures of inflammation, obesity, and intestinal integrity were assessed. Fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly reduced in HFD-P compared to HFD. Number and area of adipocytes, crown-like structure density, IL-1β, TNF-α, F4-80, and CCL-2 mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in HFD-P subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, compared to HFD. A significant reduction in the number of inflammatory foci and IL-1β and CCL-2 gene expression was observed in the liver of HFD-P mice compared with HFD. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was reduced in HFD-P mice in comparison to the HFD group. A pistachio diet significantly increased abundance of healthy bacteria genera such as Parabacteroides, Dorea, Allobaculum, Turicibacter, Lactobacillus, and Anaeroplasma, and greatly reduced bacteria associated with inflammation, such as Oscillospira, Desulfovibrio, Coprobacillus, and Bilophila. The intestinal conductance was lower in HFD-P mice than in the HFD mice, suggesting an improvement in the gut barrier function. The results of the present study showed that regular pistachio consumption improved inflammation in obese mice. The positive effects could be related to positive modulation of the microbiota composition.

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