scholarly journals Simultaneous ingestion of high-methoxy pectin from apple can enhance absorption of quercetin in human subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 1531-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Nishijima ◽  
Yoshiki Takida ◽  
Yasuo Saito ◽  
Takayuki Ikeda ◽  
Kunihisa Iwai
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependency ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Chronic Ingestion ◽  
Dose Dependent

Chronic ingestion of apple pectin has been shown to increase the absorption of quercetin in rats. The present study was designed to elucidate whether the simultaneous ingestion of quercetin with apple pectin could enhance the absorption of quercetin in humans, and the effects of dose dependency and degree of pectin methylation on quercetin absorption were also investigated. Healthy volunteers (n 19) received 200 ml of 0·5 mg/ml of quercetin drinks with or without 10 mg/ml of pectin each in a randomised cross-over design study with over 1-week intervals; urine samples from all the subjects were collected within 24 h after ingestion of the test drinks, and urinary deconjugated quercetin and its metabolites were determined using HPLC. The sum of urinary quercetin and its metabolites excreted was increased by 2·5-fold by the simultaneous ingestion of pectin. The metabolism of methylated quercetin (isorhamnetin and tamarixetin) was not affected by pectin ingestion. In six volunteers, who received quercetin drinks containing 0, 3 and 10 mg/ml of pectin, the sum of urinary quercetin and its metabolites excreted also increased in a pectin dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the simultaneous ingestion of quercetin with low-methoxy and high-methoxy pectin, respectively, increased the sum of urinary excretion of quercetin and its metabolites by 1·69-fold and significantly by 2·13-fold compared with the ingestion of quercetin without pectin. These results elucidated that apple pectin immediately enhanced quercetin absorption in human subjects, and that its enhancing effect was dependent on the dose and degree of pectin methylation. The results also suggested that the viscosity of pectin may play a role in the enhancement of quercetin absorption.

Characterizations of urinary sediments precipitated after freezing and their effects on urinary protein and chemical analyses

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. F1346-F1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putita Saetun ◽  
Tistaya Semangoen ◽  
Visith Thongboonkerd
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sodium Oxalate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Calcium Crystals

One of the obstacles in analyzing frozen urine samples is the formation of uncharacterized precipitates. Frequently, these precipitates are discarded before analysis. Some laboratory data may be erroneous if these precipitates contain important compounds. In the present study, we examined urinary sediments precipitated after overnight storage at −20°C. Although cells and debris were removed before freezing, the precipitates remained, whereas storing the centrifuged urine overnight at 4°C did not result in precipitate formation. There were no significant differences observed among 10 healthy individuals (5 men and 5 women). EDTA (5 mM) could efficiently reduce the amount of precipitates to ∼25% of the initial amount. The addition of exogenous CaCl2, but not sodium oxalate and NaCl, significantly increased the amount of precipitates in a dose-dependent manner. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between endogenous urinary calcium level and the amount of precipitates ( r = 0.894; P < 0.001). Urine pH also had some effects on the type and amount of precipitates. These precipitates were composed mainly of calcium oxalate dihydrate and amorphous calcium crystals. The results also showed that these precipitates could deplete urinary proteins and calcium ions (23.6 ± 1.1% decrease). Therefore, these freezer-induced urinary sediments significantly affect protein analysis and measurement of calcium levels in the urine. However, vigorous shaking of the sample at room temperature could redissolve these precipitates. Our data strongly indicate that these freezer-induced precipitates must be taken into account when the frozen urine samples are analyzed.

scholarly journals Ingestion of coffee polyphenols increases postprandial release of the active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1(7–36)) amide in C57BL/6J mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshie Fujii ◽  
Noriko Osaki ◽  
Tadashi Hase ◽  
Akira Shimotoyodome
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diabetes In Animals ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe widespread prevalence of diabetes, caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance, is now a worldwide health problem. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a major intestinal hormone that stimulates glucose-induced insulin secretion from β cells. Prolonged activation of the GLP-1 signal has been shown to attenuate diabetes in animals and human subjects. Therefore, GLP-1 secretagogues are attractive targets for the treatment of diabetes. Recent epidemiological studies have reported that an increase in daily coffee consumption lowers diabetes risk. The present study examined the hypothesis that the reduction in diabetes risk associated with coffee consumption may be mediated by the stimulation of GLP-1 release by coffee polyphenol extract (CPE). GLP-1 secretion by human enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells was augmented in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of CPE, and was compatible with the increase in observed active GLP-1(7–36) amide levels in the portal blood after administration with CPE alone in mice. CPE increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in a dose-dependent manner, but this was not mediated by G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119). The oral administration of CPE increased diet (starch and glyceryl trioleate)-induced active GLP-1 secretion and decreased glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide release. Although CPE administration did not affect diet-induced insulin secretion, it decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia, which indicates that higher GLP-1 levels after the ingestion of CPE may improve insulin sensitivity. We conclude that dietary coffee polyphenols augment gut-derived active GLP-1 secretion via the cAMP-dependent pathway, which may contribute to the reduced risk of type 2 diabetes associated with daily coffee consumption.

An IgM Lupus Anticoagulant that Neutralizes the Enhancing Effect of Phospholipid on Purified Endothelial Thrombomodulin Activity-A Mechanism for Thrombosis

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-M Freyssinet ◽  
Marie-Louise Wiesel ◽  
Josiane Gauchy ◽  
B Boneu ◽  
J-P Cazenave
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Protein C ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulants ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryAn anticoagulant activity was isolated from the plasma of a patient with a strong lupus-like anticoagulant using gel filtration by high performance liquid chromatography. IgM were detected in this anticoagulant fraction which exhibited specificity towards 50% phosphatidylcholine - 50% phosphatidylserine vesicles and cardiolipin. These phospholipids were able to produce an apparent 3-fold enhancement of purified human protein C activation by human a-thrombin in the presence of purified human placenta thrombomodulin. In the absence of phospholipid, the anticoagulant fraction had no effect on thrombomodulin activity. The anticoagulant fraction could neutralize the enhancement of thrombomodulin activity by phospholipid in a dose-dependent manner. This study suggests that the neutralization of phospholipid might result in a reduced activation of protein C which could be responsible for the occurrence of thrombotic complications in a proportion of patients with lupus anticoagulants.

Phase 1 clinical study of eltrombopag, an oral, nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 4739-4741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Jenkins ◽  
Daphne Williams ◽  
Yanli Deng ◽  
Joanne Uhl ◽  
Valerie Kitchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Male Subjects

AbstractEltrombopag (SB-497 115) is a first-in-class, oral, small-molecule, nonpeptide agonist of the thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR), being developed as a treatment for thrombocytopenia of various etiologies. In this phase 1 placebo-controlled clinical trial in 73 healthy male subjects, eltrombopag was administered as once-daily oral capsules for 10 days at doses of 5, 10, 25, 30, 50, and 75 mg. The pharmacokinetics of eltrombopag were dose dependent and linear, and eltrombopag increased platelet counts in a dose-dependent manner. There were no apparent differences in the incidence or severity of adverse events in subjects receiving active or placebo study medication. These observations indicate that eltrombopag is a once-daily, oral TpoR agonist with demonstrated thrombopoietic activity in human subjects, encouraging further studies in patients with thrombocytopenia.

scholarly journals Preoperative oral melatonin can reduce preoperative anxiety and postoperative analgesia in a dose-dependent manner

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Lotfy ◽  
Mohamad Ayaad
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Preoperative Anxiety ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Dose Dependency ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Analgesia Requirement ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Preoperative anxiety has deleterious effects on patients’ outcome through its influence on intraoperative requirements of anesthetics and analgesics (Bayrak et al., J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 29:868–873, 2019), postoperative (PO) pain intensity, and analgesia requirement, and may even increase PO morbidity and mortality after certain types of surgery. Melatonin is a methoxyindole synthesized and secreted principally by the pineal gland at night under control of an endogenous rhythm of secretion generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The current study hypothesized that preoperative melatonin could reduce patients’ anxiety and reduce intraoperative (IO) and postoperative (PO) analgesic in a dose-dependent manner. Results Preoperative consultation was, to some extent, effective in reducing patients’ anxiety and apprehension. At 1 h after receiving premedication, Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire (ASSQ) scores were significantly lower in study groups in comparison to baseline scores and at 1 h scores of P group patients (patients who received 3 ml of plain distilled water), and this significant effect extended for 3-h PO. The reported ∆∆ASSQ between study groups was 25.9% between M2 (melatonin) and Z (midazolam) groups and 36.9% between groups M1 (received melatonin in a dose of 3 mg) and M2 (received melatonin in a dose of 6 mg). Preoperative anxiolytic therapy allowed reduction of PO pain scores and analgesia consumption with prolongation of duration till 1st request of rescue analgesia, and these effects were more pronounced with melatonin 6 mg in comparison to placebo, melatonin 3mg, or midazolam. Conclusion Preoperative melatonin is an appropriate policy for reduction of preoperative anxiety and provided reduction of PO anxiety, pain scores, and consumption of analgesia thus promoting early recovery and short PO hospital stay. Dose dependency was evident, and preoperative melatonin 6-mg dose provided satisfactory effect.

A chemically defined culture of VEGFR2+ cells derived from embryonic stem cells reveals the role of VEGFR1 in tuning the threshold for VEGF in developing endothelial cells

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 2261-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Hirashima ◽  
Minetaro Ogawa ◽  
Satomi Nishikawa ◽  
Kazuyoshi Matsumura ◽  
Kotomi Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependency ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Defined Culture ◽  
Dose Dependent

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major growth factor for developing endothelial cells (ECs). Embryonic lethality due to haploinsufficiency of VEGF in the mouse highlighted the strict dose dependency of VEGF on embryonic vascular development. Here we investigated the dose-dependent effects of VEGF on the differentiation of ES cell–derived fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk-1)/VEGF receptor 2+ (VEGFR2+) mesodermal cells into ECs on type IV collagen under a chemically defined serum-free condition. These cells could grow even in the absence of VEGF, but differentiated mostly into mural cells positive for α-smooth muscle actin. VEGF supported in a dose-dependent manner the differentiation into ECs defined by the expression of VE-cadherin, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1)/ CD31, CD34, and TIE2/TEK. VEGF requirement was greater at late than at early phase of culture during EC development, whereas response of VEGFR2+ cells to VEGF-E, which is a virus-derived ligand for VEGFR2 but not for Flt-1/VEGFR1, was not dose sensitive even at late phase of culture. Delayed expression of VEGFR1 correlated with increased dose dependency of VEGF. These results suggested that greater requirement of VEGF in the maintenance than induction of ECs was due to the activity of VEGFR1 sequestering VEGF from VEGFR2 signal. The chemically defined serum-free culture system described here provides a new tool for assessing different factors for the proliferation and differentiation of VEGFR2+ mesodermal cells.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of catechin metabolites by human subjects after red wine consumption

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Donovan ◽  
Sidika Kasim-Karakas ◽  
J. Bruce German ◽  
Andrew L. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
Flavonoid Metabolism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

Little is known about flavonoid metabolism and excretion in man. In the present study, the urinary excretion of a major flavonoid in wine, catechin, and its metabolites, were measured after nine human subjects each consumed 120 ml red wine (RW) on one day and de-alcoholized red wine (DRW) on a separate day. Both the RW and DRW contained 120 (SEM 3) ΜMOL CATECHIN (35 MG). GC–MS ANALYSES OF THE TRIMETHYLSILYLATED DERIVATIVES OF CATECHIN AND 3″ AND 4″ METHYLCATECHIN WERE PERFORMED BEFORE AND AFTER HYDROLYSIS OF CONJUGATES BY Β-GLUCURONIDASE AND SULFATASE. BASELINE URINE SAMPLES COLLECTED PRIOR TO WINE CONSUMPTION CONTAINED 0·013 (sem 0·005) μmol catechin and metabolites. During the 8 h period following consumption of RW and DRW, 6·6 (sem 0·9) and 5·3 (sem 0·6) μmol catechin and metabolites were excreted in 893 (sem 94) and 740 (sem 101) ml urine respectively. This corresponded to 3·0–10·3 % of the dose after RW and 2·1–8·2 % of the dose after DRW. The amount of catechin and metabolites excreted in urine was 20 % higher after RW compared with DRW (P=0·06). Catechin in all urine samples was present as metabolites and there were no differences in the proportions of individual metabolites after RW and DRW. As with other flavonoids, the fate of most ingested catechin is not yet known.

scholarly journals Tomato Nutrient Complex Effect on Blood Pressure (P06-112-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Linnewiel Hermoni ◽  
Yoav Sharoni
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Objectives Examine the effect of a carotenoid-rich Tomato Nutrient Complex on blood pressure and perform a dose-response analysis and uncover the optimal effective supplementation dose in maintaining blood pressure within normal range among individuals with systolic blood pressure between 130–140 mmHg, otherwise healthy subjects. Methods In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, different doses of the Tomato Nutrient Complex were examined, corresponding to 5 mg, 15 mg, and 30 mg lycopene. The effect of the tomato-derived treatment was compared with 15 mg of synthetic Lycopene and placebo over 8 weeks of treatment. In addition, we analyzed the bioavailability of the carotenoids following treatment with different doses of the Tomato Nutrient Complex in a group of 25 healthy volunteers. Volunteers were treated for four weeks with Tomato Nutrient Complex providing 2, 5 and 15 mg lycopene. Results Results indicate that treatment for 8 weeks with Tomato Nutrient Complex standardized to contain 15 mg or 30 mg of lycopene was associated with statistically significant reductions in mean SBP of 9.7 mmHg and 7 mmHg compared to baseline values respectively. Treatment with the lower dose Tomato Nutrient Complex standardized for 5 mg of lycopene, or treatment with 15 mg of synthetic lycopene as a standalone did not show a significant effect. In parallel, we analyzed the bioavailability of the carotenoids in healthy subjects. In a group of 25 healthy volunteers treated for 4 weeks with different doses of the Tomato Nutrient Complex. we identified a dose dependent and significant increase in blood level of lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene. Conclusions Overall, the results suggest that the carotenoids in the Tomato Nutrient Complex are well absorbed in a dose dependent manner and that only the carotenoid levels achieved by the dose corresponding to 15 mg lycopene or more, is correlated to a beneficial effect on systolic blood pressure while lower doses and standalone lycopene are not enough to drive the effect. Funding Sources Lycored.

Aluminum exposure decreases dopamine D1 and D2 receptor expression in mouse brain

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunyoun Kim ◽  
Jungmin Nam ◽  
Kisok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependency ◽  
Aluminum Exposure ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Al Treatment

Aluminum (Al) has been identified as a potential contributing factor in the etiology of several neurodegenerative disorders, but data regarding specific effects on neurotransduction, especially on dopaminergic neurotransduction, are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of expressional alterations in dopamine receptors (DRs) in two dopaminergic subtypes, D1 and D2, in low and high dose Al-treated mice. After administration of Al (four intraperitoneal injections of 30 or 60 mg/kg AlCl3·6H2O at 2 h intervals), expression of the dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptors (DRD1, DRD2) was examined in the cortex and striatum of mouse brain at bregma levels of 1.10, -0.10 and -1.34 mm. In the cortex, Al treatment decreased densities of DRD1 and DRD2 in a dose-dependent manner at all three bregma levels, especially in the high-dose Al group. Similarly, DRD1 and DRD2 expression in the striatum also exhibited dose dependency and statistically significant decreases were seen in the high-dose group, except in the striatum at bregma level - 1.34. These findings suggest that DR in the caudal striatum is more resistant to the effects of Al exposure than DR in the cortex or rostral striatum. In addition, our results suggest that disturbance of dopaminergic neurotransmission mediated by DRD1 and/or DRD2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of Al neurotoxicity. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 741 — 746

Effect of Nicotinamide Administration on the Tryptophan-Nicotinamide Pathway in Humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukuwatari ◽  
Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Quinolinic Acid ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Xanthurenic Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hydroxyanthranilic Acid ◽  
Dose Dependent

The vitamin nicotinamide is synthesized in the liver from tryptophan, and distributed to non-hepatic tissues. Although it is generally accepted that 60 mg tryptophan is equivalent to 1 mg nicotinamide in humans, the conversion ratio of tryptophan to nicotinamide is changeable. To determine if de novo nicotinamide synthesis from tryptophan is influenced by nicotinamide intake itself, six young women consumed controlled diets containing 30.4 or 24.8 mg niacin-equivalent nicotinamide supplements with 0, 89, 310, or 562 μmol/day (0, 10.9, 37.8, or 68.6 mg/day, respectively), and urinary excretion of intermediates and metabolites of the tryptophan-nicotinamide pathway were measured. Urinary excretion of nicotinamide metabolites increased linearly in a dose-dependent manner. None of the intermediates, including anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and quinolinic acid, changed at all, even when up to 562 μmol/day nicotinamide was given. That is, exogenous nicotinamide did not affect de novo nicotinamide synthesis. Therefore, when niacin equivalent is calculated, the intake of nicotinamide itself need not be considered as a factor that changes the tryptophan-nicotinamide conversion ratio.

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