scholarly journals Vitamin D status and its determinants during autumn in children at northern latitudes: a cross-sectional analysis from the optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke A. Petersen ◽  
Camilla T. Damsgaard ◽  
Stine-Mathilde Dalskov ◽  
Louise B. Sørensen ◽  
Mads F. Hjorth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
School Meal ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
New Nordic Diet ◽  
Meal Study

AbstractSufficient summer/autumn vitamin D status appears important to mitigate winter nadirs at northern latitudes. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate autumn vitamin D status and its determinants in 782 Danish 8–11-year-old children (55°N) using baseline data from the Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study, a large randomised controlled trial. Blood samples and demographic and behavioural data, including 7-d dietary recordings, objectively measured physical activity, and time spent outdoors during school hours, were collected during September–November. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was 60·8 (sd 18·7) nmol/l. Serum 25(OH)D levels ≤50 nmol/l were found in 28·4 % of the children and 2·4 % had concentrations <25 nmol/l. Upon multivariate adjustment, increasing age (per year) (β −2·9; 95 % CI −5·1, −0·7 nmol/l), female sex (β −3·3; 95 % CI −5·9, −0·7 nmol/l), sampling in October (β −5·2; 95 % CI −10·1, −0·4 nmol/l) and November (β −13·3; 95 % CI −17·7, −9·1), and non-white ethnicity (β −5·7; 95 % CI −11·1, −0·3 nmol/l) were negatively associated with 25(OH)D (all P<0·05). Likewise, immigrant/descendant background was negatively associated with 25(OH)D, particularly in females (β −16·3; 95 % CI −21·9, −10·7) (P<0·001) (Pinteraction=0·003). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (min/d) (β 0·06; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·12), outdoor walking during school hours (min/week) (β 0·4; 95 % CI 0·1, 0·6) and intake of vitamin D-containing supplements ≥3 d/week (β 8·7; 95 % CI 6·4, 11·0) were positively associated with 25(OH)D (all P<0·05). The high proportion of children with vitamin D status below the recommended sufficiency level of 50 nmol/l raises concern as levels expectedly drop further during winter months. Frequent intake of vitamin D supplements was strongly associated with status. MVPA and outdoor activity during school hours should be investigated further in interventions to improve autumn vitamin D status in children at northern latitudes.

scholarly journals Modifiable factors of vitamin D status among a Brazilian osteoporotic population attended a public outpatient clinic

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Brasilio Rodrigues Camargo ◽  
llda Sizue Kunii ◽  
Lilian Fukusima Hayashi ◽  
Patrícia Muszkat ◽  
Catherine Gusman Anelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Mean

Objectives To evaluate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in Brazilian osteoporotic patients and the modifiable factors of vitamin D status in this population. Subjects and methods In a cross-sectional study, 363 community-dwelling patients who sought specialized medical care were evaluated between autumn and spring in São Paulo, Brazil. Serum levels of 25(OH)D and parathormone (PTH), biochemical and anthropometric measurements, and bone density scans were obtained. The group was assessed using two questionnaires: one questionnaire covered lifestyle and dietary habits, skin phototype, sun exposure, medical conditions, and levels of vitamin D supplementation (cholecalciferol); the other questionnaire assessed health-related quality-of-life. Logistic regression and a decision tree were used to assess the association between the variables and the adequacy of vitamin D status. Results The mean age of the overall sample was 67.9 ± 8.6 years, and the mean 25(OH)D concentration was 24.8 ng/mL. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin D status was high (73.3%), although 81.5% of the subjects were receiving cholecalciferol (mean dose of 8,169 IU/week). 25(OH)D was positively correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density and negatively correlated with PTH. In the multivariate analysis, the dose of cholecalciferol, engagement in physical activity and the month of the year (September) were associated with improvement in vitamin D status. Conclusions In this osteoporotic population, vitamin D supplementation of 7,000 IU/week is not enough to reach the desired 25(OH)D concentration (≥ 30 ng/mL). Engagement in physical activity and the month of the year are modifiable factors of the vitamin D status in this population.

scholarly journals Differences in vitamin D status and calcium metabolism in Saudi Arabian boys and girls aged 6 to 18 years: effects of age, gender, extent of veiling and physical activity with concomitant implications for bone health

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1845-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam A Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Susan A Lanham-New ◽  
Jalal A Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveFew data exist looking at vitamin D status and bone health in school-aged boys and girls from Saudi Arabia. The present study aimed to determine the extent of poor vitamin D status in school boys and girls aged 6–18 years and to examine if there was any difference in status with age, physical activity and veiling and concomitant effects on bone.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingJeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.SubjectsA total of 150 boys (7–16 years) and 150 girls (6–18 years) from local schools were divided into age categories: 6–9 years (elementary school); 10–12 years (secondary school); 13–14 years (middle years); 15–18 years (high school).ResultsVitamin D status was significantly lower in girls than boys in all age groups (P < 0·01), with the 15–18-year-old girls having the lowest level (22·0 (sd 9·4) nmol/l) in comparison to the 15–18-year-old boys (39·3 (sd 14·0) nmol/l) and the 6–9-year-old girls (41·2 (sd 9·3) nmol/l). Parathyroid hormone status was highest in the 15–18-year-old girls in comparison to boys of the same age. A total of 64 % of 15–18-year-old girls had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status <25 nmol/l in comparison to 31 % in the 13–14 years age category, 26 % in the 10–12 years category and 2·5 % in the 6–9 years category. No boys had 25OHD status <25 nmol/l. Fully veiled girls had lower 25OHD status than partly veiled or unveiled girls (P < 0·05). Low 25OHD and high parathyroid hormone was associated with lower bone mass in the 6–9 years and 13–14 years age groups (P < 0·05).ConclusionsThese data suggest significant hypovitaminosis D in older adolescent females, which is a cause for concern given that there is currently no public health policy for vitamin D in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Effects of school meals with weekly fish servings on vitamin D status in Danish children: secondary outcomes from the OPUS (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet) School Meal Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke A. Petersen ◽  
Camilla T. Damsgaard ◽  
Stine-Mathilde Dalskov ◽  
Louise B. Sørensen ◽  
Mads Fiil Hjorth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
School Meals ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
School Meal ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Meal Study

AbstractChildren's vitamin D intake and status can be optimised to meet recommendations. We investigated if nutritionally balanced school meals with weekly fish servings affected serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and markers related to bone in 8- to 11-year-old Danish children. We conducted an explorative secondary outcome analysis on data from 784 children from the OPUS School Meal Study, a cluster-randomised cross-over trial where children received school meals for 3 months and habitual lunch for 3 months. At baseline, and at the end of each dietary period, 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), bone mineral density (BMD), dietary intake and physical activity were assessed. School meals increased vitamin D intake by 0·9 (95 % CI 0·7, 1·1) μg/d. No consistent effects were found on 25(OH)D, BMC, BA, BMD, IGF-1 or OC. However, season-modified effects were observed with 25(OH)D, i.e. children completing the school meal period in January/February had higher 25(OH)D status (5·5 (95 % CI 1·8, 9·2) nmol/l; P = 0·004) than children completing the control period in these months. A similar tendency was indicated in November/December (4·1 (95 % CI –0·12, 8·3) nmol/l; P = 0·057). However, the effect was opposite in March/April (–4·0 (95 % CI –7·0, –0·9) nmol/l; P = 0·010), and no difference was found in May/June (P = 0·214). Unexpectedly, the school meals slightly increased PTH (0·18 (95 % CI 0·07, 0·29) pmol/l) compared with habitual lunch. Small increases in dietary vitamin D might hold potential to mitigate the winter nadir in Danish children's 25(OH)D status while higher increases appear necessary to affect status throughout the year. More trials on effects of vitamin D intake from natural foods are needed.

Vitamin D status in Sri Lankans living in Sri Lanka and Norway

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakon E. Meyer ◽  
Kristin Holvik ◽  
Cathrine M. Lofthus ◽  
Sampath U. B. Tennakoon
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Northern Latitudes

Vitamin D deficiency is common in non-Western immigrant groups living in Western countries. A comparison of vitamin D status in individuals who have emigrated and individuals who remain in their country of origin is needed in order to provide information about the effect of moving to northern latitudes. A total of 196 participants aged 30–60 years in a cross-sectional population-based study in Kandy, Sri Lanka (latitude 7° north) and 242 Sri Lankans aged 31–60 years participating in a cross-sectional population-based study in Oslo, Norway (latitude 60° north) were included in the analysis. All serum samples were analysed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) in the same laboratory. Sri Lankans living in Norway had substantially lower s-25(OH)D (mean 31·5 nmol/l) compared with those living in Sri Lanka (mean 54·2 nmol/l), and the prevalence of s-25(OH)D <  25 nmol/l was 9·3 times higher (95 % CI 4·4, 19·6) in Norway compared with Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka there was a clear seasonal variation with the lowest s-25(OH)D levels in August–September and the highest levels in November–December. We conclude that vitamin D status among Sri Lankans living in Kandy, Sri Lanka was considerably higher than that among Sri Lankans living in Oslo, Norway. The low vitamin D status commonly observed in non-Western immigrant groups living at northern latitudes should not be regarded as normal levels for these groups. However, also in Sri Lanka we found a profound seasonal variation with the lowest levels in August and September after the Monsoon.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and pain: analysis from the Health Survey for England among English adults aged 65 years and over

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1080-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasant Hirani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Older People ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Direction Of Causation ◽  
Nationally Representative

Poor vitamin D status is common in older people and results in osteoporosis; osteomalacia is associated with a wide range of non-communicable diseases and has potential effects on poor health outcomes. Pain is also common in older people and can be substantially disabling. The aim of the present analysis is to investigate associations between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and self-reported current symptoms of pain in a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 2070 adults aged ≥ 65 years living in the community in England in 2005. Measurements included serum 25(OH)D, pain status and covariates, namely, age, sex, social class, season of examination, use of vitamin supplements and physical health status. Results show that the symptoms of moderate/extreme pain (present in 53 % of the sample) were associated with poor vitamin D status, independent of other covariates. Particular advantages of the present study were the presence of directly measured vitamin D levels and a large and nationally representative sample. Poor vitamin D status is common and an associated risk factor for pain in older people living in northern latitudes. The direction of causation cannot be inferred from a cross-sectional study and further prospective research is required to clarify this. Regardless of the direction of causation, the relationship is potentially of high public health importance because of the adverse impact of both states on well-being. It is important that older people in pain are screened for vitamin D status and provided with appropriate interventions.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and recommendations to improve vitamin D status in Canadian youth

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Mark
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

Little is known regarding the vitamin D status of Canadian youth. Our objectives were (i) to describe the vitamin D status of Quebec youth using a representative sample; (ii) to examine the relative contributions of diet, physical activity, and fat mass to the variance in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D), the best biomarker of vitamin D status; and (iii) to examine the influence of household income and food insecurity on the intakes of dietary vitamin D, calcium, and dairy foods. To describe vitamin D status, we used data from the Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey (QCAHS), which is a cross-sectional survey representative of Quebec youth aged 9, 13, and 16 years. For the second objective, 159 youth, aged 8 to 11 years, whose parents (at least one) were obese or had the metabolic syndrome, were used for cross-sectional analysis in the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Fat mass was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and physical activity was assessed by an accelerometer. Finally, we analyzed data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), which collected data from 9 to 18 year olds (N = 8960), and was representative of Canadian youth. From this survey a single 24-h dietary recall, measured height and weight, sociodemographic, and food insecurity information were available. In both the QUALITY and QCAHS study, >90% of youth had suboptimal vitamin D levels (plasma 25(OH)D < 75 nmol·L–1) at the end of winter and beginning of spring. In the QCAHS study, older youth had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol·L–1) (>10%) than younger youth, and girls from low-income households had lower plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. In the QUALITY study, milk consumption and physical activity had modest associations with plasma 25(OH)D, corresponding to 2.9 nmol·L–1 and 2.1 nmol·L–1 higher plasma 25(OH)D per standard deviation increase in these exposures, respectively. In the CCHS study, we found evidence that milk intake was being displaced by sweetened beverages among low-income boys and food insecure girls. We conclude that population-wide measures to increase dietary vitamin D intake should be examined in Canadian youth.

scholarly journals Diet-induced changes in iron and n-3 fatty acid status and associations with cognitive performance in 8–11-year-old Danish children: secondary analyses of the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet School Meal Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 1623-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Bergmann Sørensen ◽  
Camilla Trab Damsgaard ◽  
Stine-Mathilde Dalskov ◽  
Rikke Agnete Petersen ◽  
Niels Egelund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
School Meal ◽  
Nordic Diet ◽  
New Nordic Diet ◽  
Meal Study

AbstractFe and n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) have both been associated with cognition, but evidence remains inconclusive in well-nourished school-aged children. In the Optimal Well-Being, Development and Health for Danish Children through a Healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study, the 3-month intervention increased reading performance, inattention, impulsivity and dietary intake of fish and Fe. This study investigated whether the intervention influenced n-3 LCPUFA and Fe status and, if so, explored how these changes correlated with the changes in cognitive performance. The study was a cluster-randomised cross-over trial comparing school meals with packed lunch (control). At baseline and after each treatment, we measured serum ferritin, whole-blood n-3 LCPUFA and Hb, and performance in reading, mathematics and d2-test of attention. Data were analysed using mixed models (n 726) and principal component analysis of test performances (n 644), which showed two main patterns: ‘school performance’ and ‘reading comprehension’. The latter indicated that children with good reading comprehension were also more inattentive and impulsive (i.e. higher d2-test error%). The intervention improved ‘school performance’ (P=0·015), ‘reading comprehension’ (P=0·043) and EPA+DHA status 0·21 (95 % CI 0·15, 0·27) w/w % (P<0·001), but it did not affect serum ferritin or Hb. At baseline, having small Fe stores was associated with poorer ‘school performance’ in girls, but with better ‘reading comprehension’ in both boys and girls. Both baseline EPA+DHA status and the intervention-induced increase in EPA+DHA status was positively associated with ‘school performance’, suggesting that n-3 LCPUFA could potentially explain approximately 20 % of the intervention effect. These exploratory associations indicate that increased fish intake might explain some of the increase in reading performance and inattention in the study.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status is associated with cardiometabolic markers in 8–11-year-old children, independently of body fat and physical activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 1647-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke A. Petersen ◽  
Stine-Mathilde Dalskov ◽  
Louise B. Sørensen ◽  
Mads F. Hjorth ◽  
Rikke Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVitamin D status has been associated with cardiometabolic markers even in children, but the associations may be confounded by fat mass and physical activity behaviour. This study investigated associations between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk profile, as well as the impact of fat mass and physical activity in Danish 8–11-year-old children, using baseline data from 782 children participating in the Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study. We assessed vitamin D status as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and measured blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, homoeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance, plasma lipids, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and physical activity by 7 d accelerometry during August–November. Mean serum 25(OH)D was 60·8 (sd18·7) nmol/l. Each 10 mmol/l 25(OH)D increase was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (−0·3 mmHg, 95 % CI −0·6, −0·0) (P=0·02), total cholesterol (−0·07 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·10, −0·05), LDL-cholesterol (−0·05 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·08, −0·03), TAG (−0·02 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·03, −0·01) (P≤0·001 for all lipids) and lower metabolic syndrome (MetS) score (P=0·01). Adjustment for fat mass index did not change the associations, but the association with blood pressure became borderline significant after adjustment for physical activity (P=0·06). In conclusion, vitamin D status was negatively associated with blood pressure, plasma lipids and a MetS score in Danish school children with low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and apart from blood pressure the associations were independent of body fat and physical activity. The potential underlying cause–effect relationship and possible long-term implications should be investigated in randomised controlled trials.

scholarly journals Dietary effects of introducing school meals based on the New Nordic Diet – a randomised controlled trial in Danish children. The OPUS School Meal Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1967-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Andersen ◽  
Anja Biltoft-Jensen ◽  
Tue Christensen ◽  
Elisabeth W. Andersen ◽  
Majken Ege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Meals ◽  
School Meal ◽  
Nordic Diet ◽  
New Nordic Diet ◽  
Meal Study

The OPUS (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (NND)) School Meal Study investigated the effects on the intake of foods and nutrients of introducing school meals based on the principles of the NND covering lunch and all snacks during the school day in a cluster-randomised cross-over design. For two 3-month periods, 834 Danish children aged 8–11 years from forty-six school classes at nine schools received NND school meals or their usual packed lunches brought from home (control) in random order. The whole diet of the children was recorded over seven consecutive days using a validated Web-based Dietary Assessment Software for Children. The NND resulted in higher intakes of potatoes (130 %, 95 % CI 2·07, 2·58), fish (48 %, 95 % CI 1·33, 1·65), cheese (25 %, 95 % CI 1·15, 1·36), vegetables (16 %, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·21), eggs (10 %, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·19) and beverages (6 %, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·09), and lower intakes of bread (13 %, 95 % CI 0·84, 0·89) and fats (6 %, 95 % CI 0·90, 0·98) were found among the children during the NND period than in the control period (all,P< 0·05). No difference was found in mean energy intake (P= 0·4), but on average children reported 0·9 % less energy intake from fat and 0·9 % higher energy intake from protein during the NND period than in the control period. For micronutrient intakes, the largest differences were found for vitamin D (42 %, 95 % CI 1·32, 1·53) and iodine (11 %, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·15) due to the higher fish intake. In conclusion, the present study showed that the overall dietary intake at the food and nutrient levels was improved among children aged 8–11 years when their habitual packed lunches were replaced by school meals following the principles of the NND.

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