scholarly journals Flavanone-rich citrus beverages counteract the transient decline in postprandial endothelial function in humans: a randomised, controlled, double-masked, cross-over intervention study

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 1999-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Rendeiro ◽  
Honglin Dong ◽  
Caroline Saunders ◽  
Laura Harkness ◽  
Melvin Blaze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSpecific flavonoid-rich foods/beverages are reported to exert positive effects on vascular function; however, data relating to effects in the postprandial state are limited. The present study investigated the postprandial, time-dependent (0–7 h) impact of citrus flavanone intake on vascular function. An acute, randomised, controlled, double-masked, cross-over intervention study was conducted by including middle-aged healthy men (30–65 years, n 28) to assess the impact of flavanone intake (orange juice: 128·9 mg; flavanone-rich orange juice: 272·1 mg; homogenised whole orange: 452·8 mg; isoenergetic control: 0 mg flavanones) on postprandial (double meal delivering a total of 81 g of fat) endothelial function. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery at 0, 2, 5 and 7 h. Plasma levels of naringenin/hesperetin metabolites (sulphates and glucuronides) and nitric oxide species were also measured. All flavanone interventions were effective at attenuating transient impairments in FMD induced by the double meal (7 h post intake; P<0·05), but no dose–response effects were observed. The effects on FMD coincided with the peak of naringenin/hesperetin metabolites in circulation (7 h) and sustained levels of plasma nitrite. In summary, citrus flavanones are effective at counteracting the negative impact of a sequential double meal on human vascular function, potentially through the actions of flavanone metabolites on nitric oxide.

Abstract 469: Altered Plasma vs. Vascular Biopterins In Human Atherosclerosis Reveal Relationships Between Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Coupling, Endothelial Function And Inflammation

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalambos Antoniades ◽  
Cheerag Shirodaria ◽  
Paul Leeson ◽  
Mark Crabtree ◽  
Ravi Pillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mammary Arteries ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) coupling but its synthesis is also stimulated by inflammation in experimental models. We defined for the first time, the relationships between plasma and vascular biopterins in patients with coronary artery disease, and we determined the impact of BH4 on endothelial function, eNOS coupling, and O2- production in human vessels. Methods : Paired samples of saphenous veins (SV) and internal mammary arteries (IMA) were obtained from 219 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Vasomotor responses to acetylcholine (Ach) were determined ex-vivo and vascular O2- (± the eNOS inhibitor LNAME) was measured by chemiluminescence. Biopterins were measured by HPLC. Results: High vascular BH4 was associated with better vasorelaxations of SV to Ach, whereas high plasma BH4 was associated with worse vasorelaxations (Fig. a-b ). There was an inverse association between plasma and vascular biopterins (Fig c ). High vascular (but not plasma) BH4 was associated with lower O2-and less L-NAME inhibitable O2- (suggesting better eNOS coupling) in both SV and IMA (Fig c ). Finally, serum C-reactive protein was correlated with plasma biopterins (r=0.268, p=0.001) but not with vascular biopterins in SV (r=0.02, p=0.0857) or IMA (r=−0.044, p=0.717). Conclusions : There is an inverse association between plasma and vascular biopterins in patients with atherosclerosis. Vascular but not plasma BH4 is a modulator of NO bioavailability and eNOS coupling in human vessels, while plasma total biopterin is rather a marker of systemic inflammation, than a regulator of vascular function in vivo.

Comparison between the effects of mixed dyslipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemia on endothelial function, atherosclerotic lesions and fibrinolysis in rabbits

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia de las HERAS ◽  
Eva CEDIEL ◽  
M. Pilar OUBIÑA ◽  
Paloma ARAGONCILLO ◽  
David SANZ-ROSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Vascular Structure ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pai 1

We compared the impact of hypercholesterolaemia and mixed dyslipidaemia on vascular function, vascular structure and fibrinolytic balance in rabbits. To this end, vascular reactivity was studied in aortic rings from rabbits fed a control diet, a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol+14% coconut oil (mixed dyslipidaemia) or a diet containing 1% cholesterol (hypercholesterolaemia) for 12–14 weeks. Morphometric analysis of aorta was also performed and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as well as tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) plasma activities were measured. Both diets induced a similar increase in cholesterol plasma levels, although triacylglycerols (triglycerides) were increased in animals with mixed dyslipidaemia. Hypercholesterolaemia was associated with intimal thickening, reduction in acetylcholine-induced relaxation (P<0.05) and increased vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine+NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) when compared with controls (P<0.05). These effects were more marked (P<0.05) in animals with mixed dyslipidaemia. Incubation with ifetroban, a thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist, increased acetylcholine-induced relaxation (P<0.05) and reduced acetylcholine+L-NAME contraction (P<0.05) in both diet groups. In contrast, the presence of PD 145, an endothelin (ET)A/ETB receptor antagonist, exerted these effects only in rabbits with mixed dyslipidaemia. Both hypercholesterolaemia and mixed dyslipidaemia induced a similar increase in PAI-1 and a similar decrease in t-PA plasma activities. These data suggest that hypertriglyceridaemia can increase the deleterious effects of hypercholesterolaemia on endothelial function and vascular structure. This additional harmful effect exerted by triacylglycerols on endothelial function could, in part, be mediated by ET.

scholarly journals Bank Capital, Operating Efficiency, and Corporate Performance in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-87
Author(s):  
Abdulai Agbaje Salami ◽  
Ahmad Bukola Uthman
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Bank Capital ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Net Interest Margin ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study examines the impact of bank capital and operating efficiency on the Nigerian deposit money bank financial performance with a view to resolving risk-based and non-risk-based capitals’ dichotomy existing in the bank literature. Using bank-specific data obtained from the annual reports and accounts of 15 banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2015, the panel data regression analyses revealed the superiority of standard capital ratio of equity-to-total-assets, a non-risk-based capital, over other measures. While all measures, both risk-based and non-risk-based capitals, showed significantly positive effects on bank performance as measured by return-on-asset, mixed results were obtained from other indicators: return-on-equity and net-interest-margin. Overall, only equity-to-total-assets influenced all adopted performance indicators positively. It was also found that operating efficiency measured by cost-to-income ratio had negative impact on bank performance, but on the average it appeared too high. Thus, incorporating the standard capital ratio of equity-to-total assets into regulatory regime by the banks’ regulator is recommended to ensure its relevance is not overshadowed.

The Impact of Ceta Programs on Components of Participants' Earnings

ILR Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine P. Dickinson ◽  
Terry R. Johnson ◽  
Richard W. West
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hourly Wage Rate ◽  
Women's Earnings ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides the first estimates of the net impact of CETA participation on the components of CETA participants' post-program earnings. Employing a sample of 1975 CETA enrollees and comparison groups drawn from the March 1978 CPS using a nearest-neighbor matching technique, the authors estimate statistically significant negative effects on men's earnings and statistically significant positive effects on women's earnings. These results stem partly from the impact of CETA participation on the likelihood of being employed after leaving the program (negative for men, positive for women), but also from a negative impact on hours worked during the year and hourly wage rate for men and a large positive impact on hours worked per week and weeks worked per year for women.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds as Arginase Inhibitors: New Insights Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction Treatment

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (05) ◽  
pp. 277-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Minozzo ◽  
Daniel Fernandes ◽  
Flávio Beltrame
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Arginase Inhibitors

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction is characterised by the low bioavailability of nitric oxide with a relevant negative impact on the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway. The loss of nitric oxide/cGMP signaling may be caused by an increased arginase activity. Plant-derived substances, especially polyphenols, are compounds that have the potential to inhibit arginase activity and they may represent an attractive therapeutic option to combat clinical outcomes related to endothelial dysfunction. An extensive review was carried out using all available data published in English in the Pubmed database, and without restriction regarding the year of publication. Despite the increased number of new substances that have been tested as arginase inhibitors, it is rare to find a compound that satisfies all the toxicological criteria to be used in the development of a new drug. On the other hand, recent data have shown that substances from plants have great potential to be applied as arginase inhibitors, most of which are polyphenols. Of the relevant mechanisms in this process, the inhibition of arginase by natural products seems to act against endothelial dysfunction by reestablishing the vascular function and elevating nitric oxide levels (by increasing the amounts of substrate (L-arginine, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and stabilisation) as well as decreasing the generation of reactive species (formed by uncoupledendothelial nitric oxide synthase). This review summarises several topics regarding arginase inhibition by natural substances as well as indicating this pathway as an emergent strategy to elevate nitric oxide levels in disorders involving endothelial dysfunction. In addition, some aspects regarding structural activity and future perspectives are discussed.

scholarly journals Orange juice combined to a healthy-eating pattern improved endothelial function and reduced global risk of CHD in metabolic syndrome patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Cesar ◽  
Renata Benassi ◽  
Olivia Ponce ◽  
Michel Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Citrus Flavonoids

AbstractCurrent evidence has shown that orange juice flavonoids have antihypertensive, lipid lowering, insulin sensitizing, antioxidant and antinflammatory properties, which are correlated with antiatherogenic activity. The objective of this study was to verify whether regular administration of 100% pure orange juice (OJ), as a source of antioxidant and bioactive compounds, associated with a healthy dietary pattern improves endothelial and vascular function and reduces Global Risk of Coronary Heart Disease (Global Risk of CHD). Obese volunteers (n = 68) with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to the control (n = 34) or OJ (n = 34) groups, and all of them were counseled and followed up to maintain a healthy-eating pattern for 12 weeks. In addition, OJ group participants drank 500 ml of 100% orange juice daily in two servings of 250 mL each between meals. After the intervention, a significant reduction of 2% in anthropometric measurements (body weight and fat) was observed in both groups, with no change in lean mass. In the OJ group, a significant reduction of total cholesterol (-9.4%) was detected, whereas the controls reduced only HDL-C (-9%). In both groups there was a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-8% and -9%, respectively) and an increase in antioxidant capacity (1%). Only the OJ group reduced vascular markers ICAM (-14%) and VCAM (-15%) and inflammatory markers TNF-alpha (-20%) and hsPCR (-22%) (p < 0.05). Both groups reduced IL-6 (-45%), improved brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (BA-FMD), and reduced carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) by 10% (p < 0.05). Daily consumption of orange juice, along with a healthy-eating pattern, was able to reduce cardiovascular risk factors related to systemic inflammation and endothelial function in individuals with metabolic syndrome. A significant reduction in the prevalence of the high-risk of CHD was observed in 47% of subjects who consumed a healthy diet, while 70% of patients who had a healthy eating pattern along with orange juice reverted to low CHD risk, showing the additional benefit of regular intake of 100% orange juice. This was probably due to the action of antioxidant compounds present in high concentrations in orange juice, such as vitamin C and citrus flavonoids

scholarly journals Interrelationship between Sleep and Exercise: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Dolezal ◽  
Eric V. Neufeld ◽  
David M. Boland ◽  
Jennifer L. Martin ◽  
Christopher B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although a substantial body of literature has explored the relationship between sleep and exercise, comprehensive reviews and definitive conclusions about the impact of exercise interventions on sleep are lacking. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2013 and March 2017. Studies were included if they possessed either objective or subjective measures of sleep and an exercise intervention that followed the guidelines recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine. Thirty-four studies met these inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies concluded that exercise improved sleep quality or duration; however, four found no difference and one reported a negative impact of exercise on sleep. Study results varied most significantly due to participants’ age, health status, and the mode and intensity of exercise intervention. Mixed findings were reported for children, adolescents, and young adults. Interventions conducted with middle-aged and elderly adults reported more robust results. In these cases, exercise promoted increased sleep efficiency and duration regardless of the mode and intensity of activity, especially in populations suffering from disease. Our review suggests that sleep and exercise exert substantial positive effects on one another; however, to reach a true consensus, the mechanisms behind these observations must first be elucidated.

scholarly journals Does official development assistance affect a donor’s exports? South Korea’s case

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobae Noh ◽  
Almas Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Official Development Assistance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Unobserved Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of official development assistance (ODA) provided by South Korea for its exports to recipient countries. The empirical analysis is based on data from 1996 to 2014 and covers 121 recipient countries. The paper uses a 3SLS estimation method that accounts for a two-way causal relationship between ODA and exports while the endogeneity and sample selection bias are accounted for. Using the gravity model, we confirm the positive effects of ODA when fixed unobserved effects are controlled. The model is further generalized by disaggregating ODA into its underlying types of aid. Our results show that technical cooperation and loans have positive and significant effects, but grants have a negative impact on South Korea’s exports to recipient countries. In addition, we also examine South Korea’s ODA allocations. Our findings suggest that there is a two-stage decision-making process in the provision of aid. In the first stage, the aid’s humanitarian purpose plays a key role in responding to countries’ needs even when there is lower bilateral trade with these countries. In the second stage, decisions regarding the size of ODA are considered and these present a mixed purpose for giving ODA to higher importer countries.

China’s VAT Tax Reform: A Boon for the Economy or an Opportunity for Moral Hazard?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050004
Author(s):  
Ben Sopranzetti ◽  
Yue Ma
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tax Savings ◽  
The Impact

In 2012, the Chinese government replaced the existing business sales tax with a Value-added tax for some, but not all, Shanghainese firms. The change was intended to reduce the effective tax rate for firms and stimulate capital investment and employment. Of concern is the potential for managerial moral hazard, whereby self-interested managers might appropriate some of the tax savings for themselves rather than use the tax savings as intended. This paper examines the impact of the tax change on the affected firms and finds no significant evidence that the intended positive effects were achieved. Moreover, it also finds no strong evidence of moral hazard. Instead, the paper documents that the tax change seems to have had a deleterious effect on firm performance. Specifically, employee compensation, capital expenditures, and free cash flow are all lower when the tax changes became effective, with the negative impact on cash flows lingering through 2014. An examination of the effective tax rate reveals that the tax change increased rather than decreased the effective tax rate in 2012 and 2013.

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