scholarly journals Comparison of the growth performance and long-chain PUFA biosynthetic ability of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in different salinities

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuihong You ◽  
Fangbin Lu ◽  
Shuqi Wang ◽  
Cuiying Chen ◽  
Yuanyou Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractTo compare the growth and biosynthetic ability of long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) (Oreochromis niloticus) in different water salinities, an 8-week feeding trial was conducted on the GIFT juveniles at 0, 12 and 24 ‰ (parts per thousand; ppt), respectively, with three isonitrogenous (32 %) and isolipidic (8 %) diets (D1–D3). Diet D1 with fish oils (rich in LC-PUFA) as lipid source was used as the control, while D2 and D3 with vegetable oil (free LC-PUFA) blends as lipid source contained different ratios of linoleic acid (LA, 18 : 2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18 : 3n-3) at 4·04 (D2) and 0·54 (D3), respectively. At the end of feeding trial, the growth performance of D2 and D3 groups under all salinity treatments was as good as that of D1 group, which indicates that the GIFT juveniles may convert dietary LA and ALA into LC-PUFA to meet the requirement of essential fatty acids for normal growth and physiology. When fed the same diets, GIFT at 12 ppt had a better growth performance coupled with a higher liver and muscle arachidonic acid content than those in freshwater. Furthermore, brackish water (24 ppt) significantly promoted the mRNA levels of elongase 5 of very long-chain fatty acids (elovl5) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα) in liver, when compared with freshwater. These results suggest that the GIFT may display better growth performance together with a relatively higher endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthetic ability under brackish water (12 and 24 ppt), probably through improving the expression of elovl5 and pparα in liver.

scholarly journals Growth performance of five different strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) introduced to Tanzania reared in fresh and brackish waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbiru Moses ◽  
Leonard J. Chauka ◽  
Dirk Jan de Koning ◽  
Christos Palaiokostas ◽  
Matern S. P. Mtolera
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Different Strains

AbstractFive introduced strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were tested for growth performance both in fresh- and brackish-water (2 salinity units) environments for 56 days. The BIG NIN, GIFT, Chitralada, “Ruvu Farm” and Silver YY strains with initial mean average weight (± standard error) of 96.4 ± 6.90 g, 104.1 ± 7.19 g, 137.2 ± 7.21 g, 53.2 ± 6.98 g and 95.3 ± 7.11 g, respectively were used. Individuals were tagged and pooled in hapas (12 m × 8.5 m × 2 m each), aligned into different ponds (20 m × 20 m each). Stocking density of 5 fish/m2 and 350 g/kg crude protein diet were used. Overall, the average weight gain for GIFT strain was 7.5%, 32%, 45% and 86.5% higher than BIG NIN, Chitralada, “Ruvu Farm” and Silver YY strains, respectively, across both environments. All strains performed significantly better (p < 0.05) when reared in brackish-water than their respective counterparts in freshwater, except for the BIG NIN strain. The morphometric correlations for all strains in both environments ranged from moderate (0.50) to strong positive (0.92). The GIFT strain demonstrated superior growth and genotype by environment interaction was weak and not important to be prioritized in breeding programs.

Effect of lipid type on growth performance, meat quality and the content of long chain n−3 fatty acids in pork meat

Meat Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C.H. Morel ◽  
Jasmine Leong ◽  
Wilhelmina G.M. Nuijten ◽  
Roger W. Purchas ◽  
Brian H.P. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Long Chain

The effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E supplementation of ewes on neonatal lamb vigour, lamb growth and colostrum parameters

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 7-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Capper ◽  
R. G. Wilkinson ◽  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
S. E. Pattinson ◽  
A. M. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are the most abundant fatty acids in the brain and are vital for its correct development and for that of the nervous system (Huang and Craig-Schmidt, 1996). Ruminant diets are low in DHA and its precursor alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, dietary PUFAs are substantially hydrogenated in the rumen. Consequently, it may be argued that the diets of pregnant and lactating ewes may be deficient in DHA and that a response to supplementation may be observed. Studies involving the supplementation of pregnant ewes with supraoptimal levels of vitamin E have shown that lambs born to supplemented dams are more vigorous immediately after birth and have higher liveweight gains (Merrell, 1998). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary long-chain PUFA in combination with vitamin E supplementation of ewes on ewe and lamb performance.

scholarly journals Oil from transgenic Camelina sativa containing over 25 % n-3 long-chain PUFA as the major lipid source in feed for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 1378-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica B. Betancor ◽  
Keshuai Li ◽  
Valentin S. Bucerzan ◽  
Matthew Sprague ◽  
Olga Sayanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Camelina Oil ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractFacing a bottleneck in the growth of aquaculture, and a gap in the supply and demand of the highly beneficial n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA), sustainable alternatives to traditional marine-based feeds are required. Therefore, in the present trial, a novel oil obtained from a genetically engineered oilseed crop, Camelina sativa, that supplied over 25 % n-3 LC-PUFA was tested as a sole dietary-added lipid source in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feed. Three groups of fish were fed three experimental diets for 12 weeks with the same basal composition and containing 20 % added oil supplied by either a blend of fish oil and rapeseed oil (1:3) (COM) reflecting current commercial formulations, wild-type Camelina oil (WCO) or the novel transgenic Camelina oil (TCO). There were no negative effects on the growth, survival rate or health of the fish. The whole fish and flesh n-3 LC-PUFA levels were highest in fish fed TCO, with levels more than 2-fold higher compared with those of fish fed the COM and WCO diets, respectively. Diet TCO had no negative impacts on the evaluated immune and physiological parameters of head kidney monocytes. The transcriptomic responses of liver and mid-intestine showed only mild effects on metabolism genes. Overall, the results clearly indicated that the oil from transgenic Camelina was highly efficient in supplying n-3 LC-PUFA providing levels double that obtained with a current commercial standard, and similar to those a decade ago before substantial dietary fishmeal and oil replacement.

scholarly journals Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids influence flight muscle oxidative capacity but not endurance flight performance in a migratory songbird

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. R362-R375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morag F. Dick ◽  
Christopher G. Guglielmo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

The migratory flights of birds are primarily fueled by fat; however, certain fatty acids may also enhance flight performance and the capacity to oxidize fat. The natural doping hypothesis posits that n–3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increase membrane fluidity and aerobic and fatty acid oxidative enzymes in the flight muscles, which enables prolonged endurance flight. Support for this hypothesis is mixed, and there is no empirical evidence for increased flight performance. We fed yellow-rumped warblers ( Setophaga coronata coronata) diets enriched in either n–3 or n–6 long-chain PUFA or low in long-chain PUFA and evaluated flight muscle metabolism and endurance performance in a wind tunnel flights lasting up to 6 h. Fatty acid profiles of muscle phospholipids confirmed enrichment of the targeted dietary fatty acids, whereas less substantial differences were observed in adipose triacylglycerol. Contrary to the predictions, feeding n–3 PUFA decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-β mRNA abundance and muscle oxidative enzyme activities. However, changes in muscle metabolism were not reflected in whole animal performance. No differences were observed in flight performance among diet treatments in terms of endurance capacity, energy costs, or fuel composition. These measures of flight performance were more strongly influenced by body mass and flight duration. Overall, we found no support for the natural doping hypothesis in a songbird. Furthermore, we caution against extending changes in flight muscle metabolic enzymes or fatty acid composition to changes to migratory performance without empirical evidence.

scholarly journals Dietary intakes of n-3 long-chain PUFA and trans-fatty acids in Irish adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (OCE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Costa Leite ◽  
A. P. Hearty ◽  
A. P. Nugent ◽  
M. J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

Metabolic syndrome: a brain disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1171-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram B. Singh ◽  
Siddharth Gupta ◽  
Parinita Dherange ◽  
Fabien De Meester ◽  
Agnieszka Wilczynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Long Chain

Recent research indicates an association between brain dysfunction and the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. To investigate this, we created a Medline search (up to December 2011) of articles in PubMed. The results indicated that refined carbohydrates, saturated and total fat, high levels of ω-6 fatty acids, and low levels of ω-3 fatty acids and other long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), all in conjunction with sedentary behaviour and mental stress can predispose to inflammation. Increased sympathetic activity, with increased secretion of catecholamine, cortisol, and serotonin can cause oxidative stress, which may damage the arcuate nucleus as well as the hypothalamus and macrophages, and the liver may release pro-inflammatory cytokines. These, in conjunction with an underlying deficiency in long chain PUFA, may damage the arcuate nucleus as well as neuropeptide-Y and pro-opiomelanocortin neurons and insulin receptors in the brain, especially during fetal life, infancy, and childhood, resulting in their dysfunction. Of the fatty acids in the brain, 30%–50% are long chain PUFA, which are incorporated in the cell membrane phospholipids. Hence, ω-3 fatty acids, which are also known to enhance parasympathetic activity and increase the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as acetylcholine in the hippocampus, may be protective. Therefore, treatment with ω-3 fatty acids may be applied for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Human milk fatty acids and growth of infants in Brazzaville (The Congo) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Rocquelin ◽  
S Tapsoba ◽  
J Kiffer ◽  
S Eymard-Duvernay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractObjective:Objective: To estimate the role of human milkn-6 andn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in term infant growth in two African urban populations.Design:Observational study. Weight gains at 5 months of age and dietary habits were compared between Congolese infants (n=102) and Burkinabè infants (n=101). Socio-economic status and anthropometry of the mothers were also recorded.Setting:One suburban district in Brazzaville (capital of The Congo) and one in Ouagadougou (capital of Burkina Faso).Subjects:Two random samples of nursing mothers and their 5-month-old infants.Results:All infants were born at term and there was no difference in birth weights. At 5 months of age, infants in Ouagadougou were thinner but not shorter than their counterparts in Brazzaville (average weight gain (standard deviation): 614 (168) g month-1vs. 720 (176) g month-1;P>0.0001). Drastic differences were found in infant diets with regard to extra fluid intake andn-6 andn-3 PUFA concentrations in breast milk. In Ouagadougou, all infants were given fluids other than milk from birth. Breast milk had highly unbalanced 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 andn-6/n-3 long-chain PUFA ratios (53:1 and 5:1, respectively). In Brazzaville, half of the infants received fluids other than milk, and breast milk showed balanced 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 andn-6/n-3 long-chain PUFA ratios (12:1 and 1:1, respectively). A non-linear relationship between 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio and growth was established in Brazzaville (P=0.0027). The 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio adjusted with covariates had an even more significant effect on weight gain (P=0.0011). Applying the same model in Ouagadougou did not show such a relation.Conclusion:Data strongly suggest that a balanced ratio of 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 (between 5:1 and 15:1) in breast milk leads to higher weight gain of infants during the first 5 months of life.

Effect of added fat and monensin sodium in the diet on growth performance and rumen and blood characteristics of entire male cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
D J Kennedy ◽  
H Galbraith ◽  
J R Scaife ◽  
S Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Characteristics ◽  
Entire Male ◽  
Long Chain

The energy density of diets can be increased by the inclusion of fat containing long chain fatty acids which may have antimicrobial activity. Their interaction with antibiotic feed additives is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effects of monensin sodium (Romensin - Elanco Products Ltd) an antibiotic feed additive, and supplementary fat (BP fat prills - BP Nutrition Ltd) when fed either alone or together in the diets of barley-beef bulls.

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