scholarly journals Dietary intakes of n-3 long-chain PUFA and trans-fatty acids in Irish adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (OCE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Costa Leite ◽  
A. P. Hearty ◽  
A. P. Nugent ◽  
M. J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals The relationship between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids in school-aged children from the ALSPAC cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
G Buckland ◽  
S de Silva Johnson ◽  
L Johnson ◽  
C Taylor ◽  
LR Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract An adequate intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) plays a vital role in human health. Therefore, it is important to assess PUFA intakes in different populations and validate them with biomarkers, but only a few small studies are in paediatric populations. We calculated the dietary intake of PUFAs and their main food sources in children and assessed associations between reported PUFA intakes and plasma proportions. Dietary intakes of 7-year-old children (n=8,242) enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were calculated from parental-completed food frequency questionnaire. Plasma PUFAs were measured in 5,571 children 8 months later and 4,380 children had complete dietary and plasma data. The association between dietary and plasma PUFAs proportions were estimated using Spearman’s correlation coefficients, quintile cross-classification and Cohen’s kappa coefficients. Mean total PUFA intake was 13.2g/day (sd4.2), contributing 6.5% of total energy intake; n-6 PUFA contributed 5.2% and n-3 PUFA 0.7%. The n-6:n-3 ratio was 7.9:1. Mean intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were 35.7mg/day and 49.7mg/day, respectively. Most n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes were weakly correlated with their respective plasma lipids (0.07≤ r ≤0.16, p<0.001). The correlation between dietary and plasma DHA was stronger though (r=0.34, p<0.001), supported by a modest level of agreement between quintiles (k=0.32). The results indicate that the FFQ was able to reasonably rank the long-chain PUFA, DHA, in this paediatric population. Public health initiatives need to address the suboptimal ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFAs and very low n-3 long-chain PUFA intakes in school-aged children in the UK.

scholarly journals Impact of foods enriched withn-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyten-3 levels and cardiovascular risk factors

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Murphy ◽  
Barbara J. Meyer ◽  
Trevor A. Mori ◽  
Valerie Burke ◽  
Jackie Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Long Chain

Consumption of fish or fish oils rich in then-3 long chain PUFA EPA and DHA may improve multiple risk factors for CVD. The objective of this study was to determine whether regular consumption of foods enriched withn-3 long-chain PUFA can improven-3 long-chain PUFA status (erythrocytes) and cardiovascular health. Overweight volunteers with high levels of triacylglycerols (TG; >1·6 mmol/l) were enrolled in a 6-month dietary intervention trial conducted in Adelaide (n47) and Perth (n39), and randomised to consume control foods orn-3-enriched foods to achieve an EPA + DHA intake of 1 g/d. Test foods were substituted for equivalent foods in their regular diet. Erythrocyte fatty acids, plasma TG and other CVD risk factors were monitored at 0, 3 and 6 months. There were no significant differences between groups for blood pressure, arterial compliance, glucose, insulin, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP) or urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2(TXB2) over 6 months, even though regular consumption ofn-3-enriched foods increased EPA + DHA intake from 0·2 to 1·0 g/d. However, then-3 long-chain PUFA content of erythrocytes increased by 35 and 53 % at 3 and 6 months, respectively, in subjects consuming then-3-enriched foods. These increases were positively associated with measures of arterial compliance and negatively associated with serum CRP and urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2excretion. Sustainable increases in dietary intakes and erythrocyte levels ofn-3 long-chain PUFA can be achieved through regular consumption of suitably enriched processed foods. Such increases may be associated with reduced CV risk.

The effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E supplementation of ewes on neonatal lamb vigour, lamb growth and colostrum parameters

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 7-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Capper ◽  
R. G. Wilkinson ◽  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
S. E. Pattinson ◽  
A. M. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are the most abundant fatty acids in the brain and are vital for its correct development and for that of the nervous system (Huang and Craig-Schmidt, 1996). Ruminant diets are low in DHA and its precursor alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, dietary PUFAs are substantially hydrogenated in the rumen. Consequently, it may be argued that the diets of pregnant and lactating ewes may be deficient in DHA and that a response to supplementation may be observed. Studies involving the supplementation of pregnant ewes with supraoptimal levels of vitamin E have shown that lambs born to supplemented dams are more vigorous immediately after birth and have higher liveweight gains (Merrell, 1998). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary long-chain PUFA in combination with vitamin E supplementation of ewes on ewe and lamb performance.

scholarly journals Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids influence flight muscle oxidative capacity but not endurance flight performance in a migratory songbird

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. R362-R375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morag F. Dick ◽  
Christopher G. Guglielmo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

The migratory flights of birds are primarily fueled by fat; however, certain fatty acids may also enhance flight performance and the capacity to oxidize fat. The natural doping hypothesis posits that n–3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increase membrane fluidity and aerobic and fatty acid oxidative enzymes in the flight muscles, which enables prolonged endurance flight. Support for this hypothesis is mixed, and there is no empirical evidence for increased flight performance. We fed yellow-rumped warblers ( Setophaga coronata coronata) diets enriched in either n–3 or n–6 long-chain PUFA or low in long-chain PUFA and evaluated flight muscle metabolism and endurance performance in a wind tunnel flights lasting up to 6 h. Fatty acid profiles of muscle phospholipids confirmed enrichment of the targeted dietary fatty acids, whereas less substantial differences were observed in adipose triacylglycerol. Contrary to the predictions, feeding n–3 PUFA decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-β mRNA abundance and muscle oxidative enzyme activities. However, changes in muscle metabolism were not reflected in whole animal performance. No differences were observed in flight performance among diet treatments in terms of endurance capacity, energy costs, or fuel composition. These measures of flight performance were more strongly influenced by body mass and flight duration. Overall, we found no support for the natural doping hypothesis in a songbird. Furthermore, we caution against extending changes in flight muscle metabolic enzymes or fatty acid composition to changes to migratory performance without empirical evidence.

scholarly journals Branched-chain fatty acid content of foods and estimated intake in the USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat Rivka Ran-Ressler ◽  
SangEun Bae ◽  
Peter Lawrence ◽  
Dong Hao Wang ◽  
J. Thomas Brenna
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Branched Chain

Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) are bioactive food components that constitute about 2 % of fatty acids in cows' milk fat. There are few systematic data available on the BCFA content of other foods to estimate dietary intakes. In the present study, we report BCFA distribution and content of fresh and processed foods representing the major foods in the American diet and estimate BCFA intake. BCFA are primarily components of dairy and ruminant food products, and are absent from chicken, pork and salmon. The mean BCFA intake of 500 mg/d was delivered primarily from dairy and beef food products; by comparison, average intake of the widely studied long-chain PUFA EPA and DHA has been estimated to be 100 mg/d. Common adjustments in the diet could double the daily intake of BCFA. The fermented foods sauerkraut and miso had appreciable fractions of BCFA, but, overall, they are low-fat foods providing very small amounts of BCFA in the diet, and other fermented foods did not contain BCFA as might have been expected from the influence of microbial exposure. These data support the quantitative importance of BCFA delivered primarily from dairy and beef food products and highlight the need for research into their effects on health.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in relation to diet and physical activity among premenopausal women

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
pp. 1416-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Anderson ◽  
Ginger L. Milne ◽  
Dale P. Sandler ◽  
Hazel B. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractHigher levels of oxidative stress, as measured by F2-isoprostanes, have been associated with chronic diseases such as CVD and some cancers. Improvements in diet and physical activity may help reduce oxidative stress; however, previous studies regarding associations between lifestyle factors and F2-isoprostane concentrations have been inconsistent. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether physical activity and intakes of fruits/vegetables, antioxidant nutrients, dietary fat subgroups and alcohol are associated with concentrations of F2-isoprostane and the major F2-isoprostane metabolite. Urinary F2-isoprostane and its metabolite were measured in urine samples collected at enrolment from 912 premenopausal women (aged 35–54 years) participating in the Sister Study. Physical activity, alcohol consumption and dietary intakes were self-reported via questionnaires. With adjustment for potential confounders, the geometric means of F2-isoprostane and its metabolite were calculated according to quartiles of dietary intakes, alcohol consumption and physical activity, and linear regression models were used to evaluate trends. Significant inverse associations were found between F2-isoprostane and/or its metabolite and physical activity, vegetables, fruits, vitamin C, α-carotene, vitamin E, β-carotene, vitamin A, Se, lutein+zeaxanthin and long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Although trans fats were positively associated with both F2-isoprostane and its metabolite, other dietary fat subgroups including SFA, n-6 fatty acids, n-3 fatty acids, MUFA, PUFA, short-chain n-3 fatty acids, long-chain n-3 fatty acids and total fat were not associated with either F2-isoprostane or its metabolite. Our findings suggest that lower intake of antioxidant nutrients and higher intake of trans fats may be associated with greater oxidative stress among premenopausal women.

Metabolic syndrome: a brain disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1171-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram B. Singh ◽  
Siddharth Gupta ◽  
Parinita Dherange ◽  
Fabien De Meester ◽  
Agnieszka Wilczynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Long Chain

Recent research indicates an association between brain dysfunction and the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. To investigate this, we created a Medline search (up to December 2011) of articles in PubMed. The results indicated that refined carbohydrates, saturated and total fat, high levels of ω-6 fatty acids, and low levels of ω-3 fatty acids and other long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), all in conjunction with sedentary behaviour and mental stress can predispose to inflammation. Increased sympathetic activity, with increased secretion of catecholamine, cortisol, and serotonin can cause oxidative stress, which may damage the arcuate nucleus as well as the hypothalamus and macrophages, and the liver may release pro-inflammatory cytokines. These, in conjunction with an underlying deficiency in long chain PUFA, may damage the arcuate nucleus as well as neuropeptide-Y and pro-opiomelanocortin neurons and insulin receptors in the brain, especially during fetal life, infancy, and childhood, resulting in their dysfunction. Of the fatty acids in the brain, 30%–50% are long chain PUFA, which are incorporated in the cell membrane phospholipids. Hence, ω-3 fatty acids, which are also known to enhance parasympathetic activity and increase the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as acetylcholine in the hippocampus, may be protective. Therefore, treatment with ω-3 fatty acids may be applied for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Human milk fatty acids and growth of infants in Brazzaville (The Congo) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Rocquelin ◽  
S Tapsoba ◽  
J Kiffer ◽  
S Eymard-Duvernay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractObjective:Objective: To estimate the role of human milkn-6 andn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in term infant growth in two African urban populations.Design:Observational study. Weight gains at 5 months of age and dietary habits were compared between Congolese infants (n=102) and Burkinabè infants (n=101). Socio-economic status and anthropometry of the mothers were also recorded.Setting:One suburban district in Brazzaville (capital of The Congo) and one in Ouagadougou (capital of Burkina Faso).Subjects:Two random samples of nursing mothers and their 5-month-old infants.Results:All infants were born at term and there was no difference in birth weights. At 5 months of age, infants in Ouagadougou were thinner but not shorter than their counterparts in Brazzaville (average weight gain (standard deviation): 614 (168) g month-1vs. 720 (176) g month-1;P>0.0001). Drastic differences were found in infant diets with regard to extra fluid intake andn-6 andn-3 PUFA concentrations in breast milk. In Ouagadougou, all infants were given fluids other than milk from birth. Breast milk had highly unbalanced 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 andn-6/n-3 long-chain PUFA ratios (53:1 and 5:1, respectively). In Brazzaville, half of the infants received fluids other than milk, and breast milk showed balanced 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 andn-6/n-3 long-chain PUFA ratios (12:1 and 1:1, respectively). A non-linear relationship between 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio and growth was established in Brazzaville (P=0.0027). The 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 ratio adjusted with covariates had an even more significant effect on weight gain (P=0.0011). Applying the same model in Ouagadougou did not show such a relation.Conclusion:Data strongly suggest that a balanced ratio of 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 (between 5:1 and 15:1) in breast milk leads to higher weight gain of infants during the first 5 months of life.

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