scholarly journals Changes in fruit, vegetable and fish consumption after statutory retirement: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 1390-1395
Author(s):  
Kirsi Ali-Kovero ◽  
Olli Pietiläinen ◽  
Elina Mauramo ◽  
Sauli Jäppinen ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Health Study

AbstractRetirement is a major life transition affecting health and health behaviour, but evidence on how this transition contributes to changes in healthy food habits is scarce. We examined whether the consumption of fruit and vegetables as well as fish changes after transition into statutory retirement. The data were derived from the prospective Helsinki Health Study. At phase 1 in 2000–2002, all participants were 40- to 60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n 8960, response rate 67 %). Follow-up surveys were conducted in 2007, 2012 and 2017 (response rates 79–83 %). Using the four phases, we formed three nested cohorts in which the participants either continued working or moved to statutory retirement. The final analytical sample consisted of 6887 participants (14 357 observations). Frequency of fruit, vegetable and fish consumption was calculated from a twenty-two-item FFQ. Analyses of repeated measures of food consumption before and after retirement transition were conducted with a negative binomial mixed model, adjusting for age, marital status, limiting long-standing illness and household income. During the follow-up, altogether 3526 participants retired. Transition to retirement was associated with a decrease in vegetable consumption among women and, contrarily, with an increase in fruit consumption among men (P < 0·05 for interaction between time and employment status). Fish consumption did not differ by the change in employment status. Statutory retirement can have mixed effects on healthy food habits, and these can differ between food groups and sex. Healthy food habits should be promoted among employees transitioning to retirement.

Long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy: does brain MRI lesion matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208
Author(s):  
Ravindra Arya ◽  
Francesco T. Mangano ◽  
Paul S. Horn ◽  
Sabrina K. Kaul ◽  
Serena K. Kaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Seizure Onset

OBJECTIVEThere is emerging data that adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without a discrete lesion on brain MRI have surgical outcomes comparable to those with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). However, pediatric TLE is different from its adult counterpart. In this study, the authors investigated if the presence of a potentially epileptogenic lesion on presurgical brain MRI influences the long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy.METHODSChildren who underwent temporal lobectomy between 2007 and 2015 and had at least 1 year of seizure outcomes data were identified. These were classified into lesional and MRI-negative groups based on whether an epilepsy-protocol brain MRI showed a lesion sufficiently specific to guide surgical decisions. These patients were also categorized into pure TLE and temporal plus epilepsies based on the neurophysiological localization of the seizure-onset zone. Seizure outcomes at each follow-up visit were incorporated into a repeated-measures generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with MRI status as a grouping variable. Clinical variables were incorporated into GLMM as covariates.RESULTSOne hundred nine patients (44 females) were included, aged 5 to 21 years, and were classified as lesional (73%), MRI negative (27%), pure TLE (56%), and temporal plus (44%). After a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (range 1.2–8.8 years), 66% of the patients were seizure free for ≥ 1 year at last follow-up. GLMM analysis revealed that lesional patients were more likely to be seizure free over the long term compared to MRI-negative patients for the overall cohort (OR 2.58, p < 0.0001) and for temporal plus epilepsies (OR 1.85, p = 0.0052). The effect of MRI lesion was not significant for pure TLE (OR 2.64, p = 0.0635). Concordance of ictal electroencephalography (OR 3.46, p < 0.0001), magnetoencephalography (OR 4.26, p < 0.0001), and later age of seizure onset (OR 1.05, p = 0.0091) were associated with a higher likelihood of seizure freedom. The most common histological findings included cortical dysplasia types 1B and 2A, HS (40% with dual pathology), and tuberous sclerosis.CONCLUSIONSA lesion on presurgical brain MRI is an important determinant of long-term seizure freedom after pediatric temporal lobectomy. Pediatric TLE is heterogeneous regarding etiologies and organization of seizure-onset zones with many patients qualifying for temporal plus nosology. The presence of an MRI lesion determined seizure outcomes in patients with temporal plus epilepsies. However, pure TLE had comparable surgical seizure outcomes for lesional and MRI-negative groups.

scholarly journals Socio-economic circumstances and food habits in Eastern, Central and Western European populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinéad Boylan ◽  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Eero Lahelma ◽  
Hynek Pikhart ◽  
Sofia Malyutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Relative Index

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between several socio-economic indicators and frequency of consumption of seven predefined healthy foods (consumption of fruit, vegetables, wholegrain bread, vegetable-fat spread, vegetable cooking fat, low-fat milk and low-fat cheese) in populations from Eastern, Central and Western Europe.DesignAnalysis of baseline data collected in two cross-sectional cohort studies between 2000 and 2005: the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study and the Finnish Helsinki Health Study (HHS).SettingUrban populations in the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland and Finland.SubjectsIn the HAPIEE study, random samples of men and women aged 45–69 years were drawn from population registers and electoral lists of selected cities. In the HHS, men and women aged 40–60 years employed by the City of Helsinki were recruited. Data on 21 326 working subjects from both cohorts were analysed.ResultsHealthy food habits were, in general, positively associated with higher education, occupational position and fewer economic difficulties, but there were differences in the strength of the gradient by food and country. Fruit consumption showed the most consistent gradients, especially in relation to socio-economic status among men (country-specific relative index of inequality (RII) = 2·02–5·17) and women (RII = 2·09–3·57).ConclusionsThe associations between socio-economic indicators and healthy food habits showed heterogeneity between countries. Future studies of dietary behaviours should consider multiple measures of socio-economic position.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a cooking skills programme in parents of young children – a longitudinal study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada L Garcia ◽  
Elisa Vargas ◽  
Po S Lam ◽  
David B Shennan ◽  
Fiona Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cooking Skills ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate longitudinally the effectiveness of a cooking programme on self-reported confidence about cooking skills and food consumption patterns in parents of young children.DesignAn evaluation of cooking programmes delivered by National Health Service (NHS) community food workers using a single group pre-test/post-test repeated measures design. A shortened version of a validated questionnaire at baseline, post intervention and 1-year follow-up determined confidence in cooking using basic ingredients, following a simple recipe, tasting new foods, preparing and cooking new foods on consumption of ready meals, vegetables and fruit.SettingDeprived communities in Ayrshire and Arran, Scotland.SubjectsParents of nursery age children, 97 % were female and <45 years old.ResultsOne hundred and two participants had completed baseline and post-intervention questionnaires. Forty-four participants contacted by telephone completed a follow-up questionnaire. In participants who completed all questionnaires (n 44), median confidence in four aspects of cooking increased significantly from baseline to post intervention (P < 0·001) but was retained at 1-year follow-up only for following a simple recipe and preparing and cooking new foods. Improved food consumption patterns were reported from baseline to post intervention (ready-meal consumption reduced from 2-4 times/week to 1 time/week, P < 0·001; vegetable consumption increased from 5–6 times/week to 1 time/d, P < 0·001; fruit consumption increased from 5–6 times/week to 1 time/d, P < 0·001) and remained at 1-year follow-up.ConclusionsThe cooking programmes appeared to improve cooking confidence and food consumption patterns in the target group and some of these changes were retained after 1 year.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Dealing with Homophobia Psycho-Education Program on Psychological Counselor Candidates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Meryem Vural-Batık
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of the Dealing with Homophobia Psycho-Education Program on homophobia levels of psychological counselor candidates. This research was conducted with a mixed model and utilized quantitative and qualitative methods. 2 (experimental and control groups) x 3 (pre-test, post-test, follow-up) research design which is a type of quasi-experimental design was used and content analysis was applied to the data obtained via interviews. The study was conducted with a total of 24 psychological counselor candidates, 12 in the experimental group and, 12 in the control group. The Homophobia Scale was used to determine the homophobia levels of psychological counselor candidates. The Dealing with Homophobia Psycho-Education Program was developed by the researcher. In order to determine the effectiveness of the program, The Two-Way Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measures was used. As a result of the research, it was determined that the Dealing with Homophobia Psycho-Education Program is effective in decreasing the levels of homophobia of the psychological counselor candidates. Also, according to the participant&#39;s views, it was determined that the psycho-education program was effective in decreasing homophobia and caused changes in attitudes. The importance and necessity of using the program on psychological counselor education are discussed.

scholarly journals Application of zero-inflated negative binomial mixed model to human microbiota sequence data

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Fang ◽  
Brandie Wagner ◽  
J. Kirk Harris ◽  
Sophie A Fillon
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Negative Binomial Mixed Model

Identification of the majority of organisms present in human-associated microbial communities is feasible with the advent of high throughput sequencing technology. However, these data consist of non-negative, highly skewed sequence counts with a large proportion of zeros. Zero-inflated models are useful for analyzing such data. Moreover, the non-zero observations may be over-dispersed in relation to the Poisson distribution, biasing parameter estimates and underestimating standard errors. In such a circumstance, a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model better accounts for these characteristics compared to a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP). In addition, complex study designs are possible with repeated measurements or multiple samples collected from the same subject, thus random effects are introduced to account for the within subject variation. A zero-inflated negative binomial mixed model contains components to model the probability of excess zero values and the negative binomial parameters, allowing for repeated measures using independent random effects between these two components. The objective of this study is to examine the application of a zero-inflated negative binomial mixed model to human microbiota sequence data.

scholarly journals Urinary and salivary endocrine measurements to complement Tanner staging in studies of pubertal development

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251598
Author(s):  
Mandy Goldberg ◽  
Anna J. Ciesielski Jones ◽  
John A. McGrath ◽  
Christie Barker-Cummings ◽  
Deborah S. Cousins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stage 1

Background Many studies investigating pubertal development use Tanner staging to assess maturation. Endocrine markers in urine and saliva may provide an objective, sensitive, and non-invasive method for assessing development. Objective Our objective was to examine whether changes in endocrine levels can indicate the onset of pubertal development prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Methods Thirty-five girls and 42 boys aged 7 to 15 years were enrolled in the Growth and Puberty (GAP) study, a longitudinal pilot study conducted from 2007–2009 involving children of women enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in Iowa. We collected saliva and urine samples and assessed pubertal development by self-rated Tanner staging (pubic hair, breast development (girls), genital development (boys)) at three visits over six months. We measured dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in saliva and creatinine-adjusted luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G) and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) concentrations in first morning urine. We evaluated the relationships over time between Tanner stage and each biomarker using repeated measures analysis. Results Among girls still reporting Tanner breast stage 1 at the final visit, FSH levels increased over the 6-month follow-up period and were no longer lower than higher stage girls at the end of follow-up. We observed a similar pattern for testosterone in boys. By visit 3, boys still reporting Tanner genital stage 1 or pubic hair stage 1 had attained DHEA levels that were comparable to those among boys reporting Tanner stages 2 or 3. Conclusions Increasing concentrations of FSH in girls and DHEA and testosterone in boys over a 6-month period revealed the start of the pubertal process prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Repeated, non-invasive endocrine measures may complement the more subjective assessment of physical markers in studies determining pubertal onset.

scholarly journals PSIV-17 Muscular Tension as a Marker of Stress in Horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 285-286
Author(s):  
Ellen M Rankins ◽  
Helio C Manso ◽  
Karyn Malinowski ◽  
Kenneth H McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Muscular Tension ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Abstract Effects of social isolation, sham clipping, and novel object exposure on muscular and behavioral responses were investigated in horses. Humans increase muscular tension under psychologically or physically demanding situations and thus, similar conditions were expected to alter stress responses in horses. Eight mature Standardbreds (4 mares, 4 geldings) were exposed to 3 min of social isolation (ISO), sham clipping (CLIP), novel object (NOV), and control (CON) conditions in a replicated 4×4 Latin Square experimental design with 10 min washout periods. Surface electromyography (EMG) and stress-related behaviors were recorded continuously. Median frequency (MF) and average rectified value (ARV) of the EMG signal were calculated for the first, middle, and final 10 sec of each period. EMG data were log transformed prior to analysis with a mixed model, repeated measures ANOVA. Behavior data were analyzed using a negative binomial distribution mixed model ANOVA. Significantly different means were separated using Tukey’s method. More stress-related behaviors (P &lt; 0.05) were observed during ISO (3.25 ± 0.26, LSM ± SE) than CON (1.46 ± 0.29) or CLIP (1.50 ± 0.36). ISO tended (P = 0.054) to produce more stress-related behaviors than NOV (2.31 ± 0.28). CLIP and ISO produced higher (P &lt; 0.05) ARV than CON or NOV in the left and right masseter. CLIP elicited the highest (P &lt; 0.05) MF in the left and right masseter with ISO resulting in lower (P &lt; 0.05) MF than CON. ARV was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the left cervical trapezius during ISO as compared to all other conditions and in the right as compared to CON and CLIP. In the right cervical trapezius, ISO elicited higher (P &lt; 0.05) MF than CON. Increased stress-related behaviors indicate a stress response was induced. Elevated muscular activity suggests muscular tension can be used in assessing stress.

scholarly journals Changes in socio-economic differences in food habits over time

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1919-1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Seiluri ◽  
Eero Lahelma ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen ◽  
Tea Lallukka
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Municipal Employees ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectiveTo examine absolute socio-economic differences in food habits and their changes over time.DesignA longitudinal study using the cohort baseline mail surveys conducted in 2000–2002 (n 8960, response rate 67 %) and the follow-up in 2007 (n 7332, response rate 83 %), including data on seven food habits recommended in the national dietary guidelines, as well as socio-economic and sociodemographic variables.SettingData from the Helsinki Health Study survey, followed up for 5–7 years.SubjectsMunicipal employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland.ResultsApart from fish and vegetable-based margarine on bread, the proportions of the recommended food items were higher for women than for men. The consumption of the recommended food items either increased or remained stable over the follow-up period. On the basis of the slope index of inequality (SII) it was observed that socio-economic differences widened with regard to the consumption of fresh vegetables and fish and use of vegetable-based margarine or oil in cooking, with the upper classes consuming these foods more often. The largest differences were observed in the consumption of fresh vegetables, for which the SII value among women was 2·38 (95 % CI 1·93, 2·95) at baseline and 2·47 (95 % CI 2·01, 3·03) at follow-up, and 3·36 (95 % CI 1·80, 6·28) and 3·47 (95 % CI 1·95, 6·19) for men, respectively. Socio-economic differences were non-existent for milk, and the reverse was observed for dark bread and vegetable-based margarine on bread.ConclusionsConsumption of the recommended food items increased in the examined cohort over time. This increase was mostly similar throughout the socio-economic groups and thus the socio-economic differences remained stable. The upper classes followed the guidelines better with regard to the consumption of vegetables and fish and in the use of vegetable-based margarine or oil in cooking.

scholarly journals Favourable changes in physical working conditions and the risk of all-cause sickness absence: a pseudo-experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Rahman Shiri ◽  
Aapo Hiilamo ◽  
Olli Pietiläinen ◽  
Minna Mänty ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Short Term

Abstract Background We determined whether favourable changes in physical workload and environmental factors reduce sickness absence (SA) days using observational cohort data as a pseudo-experiment. Methods The data from the Finnish Helsinki Health Study included three cohorts of employees of the City of Helsinki [2000/2002–07 (N = 2927), 2007–12 (N = 1686) and 2012–17 (N = 1118), altogether 5731 observations]. First, we estimated the propensity score of favourable changes (reduction in exposures) in physical workload and environmental factors during each 5-year follow-up period on the baseline survey characteristics using logistic regression. Second, we created and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights for each participant using the propensity scores. Lastly, we used generalized linear model and fitted negative binomial regression models for over-dispersed count data to estimate whether the favourable changes decrease the risk of short-term (1–3 days), intermediate-term (4–14 days) and long-term (&gt;14 days) SA using employer’s register data. Results During a 5-year follow-up, 11% of the participants had favourable changes in physical workload factors, 13% in environmental factors and 8% in both factors. The incidence of short-term, intermediate-term and long-term SA were lower in employees with favourable workplace changes compared with those without such changes. The reductions were largest for long-term SA. Reporting favourable changes in both workload and environmental factors reduced the number of SA days by 41% within 1 year after the changes and by 32% within 2 years after the changes. Conclusion This pseudo-experimental study suggests that improving physical working conditions reduces SA.

scholarly journals Dietary glucosinolates and risk of type 2 diabetes in 3 prospective cohort studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Ma ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Laura Sampson ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Dietary Risk Factors ◽  
Incident Cases

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlucosinolates are a group of phytochemicals that are abundant in cruciferous vegetables and precursors of the potentially chemopreventive isothiocyanates. Isothiocyanates may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, but little is known regarding the association between glucosinolate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between the intake of glucosinolates and the incidence of T2D in US men and women.DesignThis prospective cohort study investigated 200,907 women and men [71,256 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1984–2012), 88,293 women from the NHS II (1991–2013), and 41,358 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2012)] who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. Diet was assessed using validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. Self-reported T2D incidence was confirmed by a supplementary questionnaire.ResultsDuring follow-up in the 3 cohorts, we accumulated 4,303,750 person-years and 16,567 incident cases of T2D. After adjustment for major lifestyle and dietary risk factors for T2D, participants in the highest quintile of total glucosinolate intake had a 19% higher risk (95% CI: 13%, 25%; Ptrend < 0.001) of T2D than did those in the lowest quintile. The intake of 3 major glucosinolate subtypes was consistently and significantly associated with T2D risk, with pooled HRs ranging from 1.13 to 1.18 (all Ptrend < 0.001). A significant association was also observed between total cruciferous vegetable consumption and T2D (HR: 1.16; 95% CI :1.07, 1.25; Ptrend < 0.001). These associations persisted in subgroups defined by demographic, lifestyle, and other dietary factors.ConclusionsDietary glucosinolate intake was associated with a moderately higher risk of T2D in US adults. These results need to be replicated in further investigations, including biomarker-based studies. Mechanistic research is also needed to understand the relation between exposures to glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and other metabolites with T2D risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03366532.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document