EFFECTS OF DIETARY FIBER INTAKE IN CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED MUCOSITIS IN MURINE MODEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
B Gallotti ◽  
I Galvao ◽  
G Leles ◽  
MF Quintanilha ◽  
RO Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
High Doses

Abstract Mucositis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa resulting from high-doses of radio/chemotherapy treatment and may lead to interruption of antineoplasic therapy. Soluble fibers, like pectin, increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production that play a role in gut homeostasis and inflammation suppression. Due to the properties of pectin, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high-fiber diet on chemotherapy-induced mucositis in a murine model. C57/BL6 mice received control (AIN93M), high-fiber (HF), low/zero fiber (LF) diets for 10 days prior the mucositis challenging with irinotecan (75 mg/kg); or, they were treated with acetate added to drinking water 5 days prior and during the mucositis induction. Mice that received HF diet showed decreased immune cells influx and improved histopathological parameters in the intestine, compared to mice that received normal diet. Furthermore, HF diet decreased intestinal permeability induced in the mucositis model when compared to the control group. This effect was not observed in the acetate alone, which did not improve gut permeability. For instance, mice that received LF diet worsened gut permeability, compared with mice that received normal diet and mucositis. The effects of the HF and LF diets were shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota, in which the LF diet increased the levels of Enterobacteriaceae, a group associated with gut inflammation, whereas the HF diet decreased this group and increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobaterium (SCFA producers) levels. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the importance of dietary fiber intake in the modulation of gut microbiota composition and homeostasis maintenance during mucositis in this model.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota link dietary fiber intake and short-chain fatty acid metabolism with eating behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Medawar ◽  
Sven-Bastiaan Haange ◽  
Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk ◽  
Beatrice Engelmann ◽  
Arne Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe gut microbiome has been speculated to modulate feeding behavior through multiple factors, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Evidence on this relationship in humans is however lacking. We aimed to explore if specific bacterial genera relate to eating behavior, diet, and SCFA in adults. Moreover, we tested whether eating-related microbiota relate to treatment success in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Anthropometrics, dietary fiber intake, eating behavior, 16S-rRNA-derived microbiota, and fecal and serum SCFA were correlated in young overweight adults (n = 27 (9 F), 21–36 years, BMI 25–31 kg/m2). Correlated genera were compared in RYGB (n = 23 (16 F), 41–70 years, BMI 25–62 kg/m2) and control patients (n = 17 (11 F), 26–69 years, BMI 25–48 kg/m2). In young adults, 7 bacteria genera, i.e., Alistipes, Blautia, Clostridiales cluster XVIII, Gemmiger, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, and Streptococcus, correlated with healthier eating behavior, while 5 genera, i.e., Clostridiales cluster IV and XIVb, Collinsella, Fusicatenibacter, and Parabacteroides, correlated with unhealthier eating (all | r | > 0.4, FDR-corrected p < 0.05). Some of these genera including Parabacteroides related to fiber intake and SCFA, and to weight status and treatment response in overweight/obese patients. In this exploratory analysis, specific bacterial genera, particularly Parabacteroides, were associated with weight status and eating behavior in two small, independent and well-characterized cross-sectional samples. These preliminary findings suggest two groups of presumably beneficial and unfavorable genera that relate to eating behavior and weight status, and indicate that dietary fiber and SCFA metabolism may modify these relationships. Larger interventional studies are needed to distinguish correlation from causation.

scholarly journals High-Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Oliver ◽  
Alexander B. Chase ◽  
Claudia Weihe ◽  
Stephanie B. Orchanian ◽  
Stefan F. Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Consumption

ABSTRACT Dietary shifts can have a direct impact on the gut microbiome by preferentially selecting for microbes capable of utilizing the various dietary nutrients. The intake of dietary fiber has decreased precipitously in the last century, while consumption of processed foods has increased. Fiber, or microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), persist in the digestive tract and can be metabolized by specific bacteria encoding fiber-degrading enzymes. The digestion of MACs results in the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolic by-products that are critical to human health. Here, we implemented a 2-week dietary fiber intervention aiming for 40 to 50 g of fiber per day within the context of a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) (n = 20). By coupling shotgun metagenomic sequencing and targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we found that the dietary intervention significantly altered the composition of individual gut microbiomes, accounting for 8.3% of the longitudinal variability within subjects. Notably, microbial taxa that increased in relative abundance as a result of the diet change included known MAC degraders (i.e., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). We further assessed the genetic diversity within Bifidobacterium, assayed by amplification of the groEL gene. Concomitant with microbial composition changes, we show an increase in the abundance of genes involved in inositol degradation. Despite these changes in gut microbiome composition, we did not detect a consistent shift in SCFA abundance. Collectively, our results demonstrate that on a short-term timescale of 2 weeks, increased fiber intake can induce compositional changes of the gut microbiome, including an increase in MAC-degrading bacteria. IMPORTANCE A profound decrease in the consumption of dietary fiber in many parts of the world in the last century may be associated with the increasing prevalence of type II diabetes, colon cancer, and other health problems. A typical U.S. diet includes about ∼15 g of fiber per day, far less fiber than the daily recommended allowance. Changes in dietary fiber intake affect human health not only through the uptake of nutrients directly but also indirectly through changes in the microbial community and their associated metabolism. Here, we conducted a 2-week diet intervention in healthy young adults to investigate the impact of fiber consumption on the gut microbiome. Participants increased their average fiber consumption by 25 g/day on average for 2 weeks. The high-fiber diet intervention altered the gut microbiome of the study participants, including increases in known fiber-degrading microbes, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.

scholarly journals A Preparatory Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial of Dietary Fiber Intake During Adult Pelvic Radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ahlin ◽  
Karin Bergmark ◽  
Cecilia Bull ◽  
Sravani Devarakonda ◽  
Rikard Landberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Pelvic Radiotherapy ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake

Background: Patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy are often advised to omit fiber-rich foods from their diet to reduce the adverse effects of treatment. Scientific evidence supporting this recommendation is lacking, and recent studies on animals and humans have suggested that there is a beneficial effect of dietary fiber for the alleviation of symptoms. Randomized controlled studies on dietary fiber intake during pelvic radiotherapy of sufficient size and duration are needed. As preparation for such a large-scale study, we evaluated the feasibility, compliance, participation rate, and logistics and report our findings here in this preparatory study.Methods: In this preparatory study of a fiber intervention trial, Swedish gynecological cancer patients scheduled for radiotherapy were recruited between January 2019 and August 2020. During the intervention, the participants filled out questionnaires and used an application. They also consumed a fiber supplement at first in powder form, later in capsules. Blood- and fecal samples were collected. The study is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04534075?cond=fidura&amp;draw=2&amp;rank=1).Results: Among 136 approached patients, 57 started the study and the participation rate for primary outcomes was 63% (third blood sample) and 65% (third questionnaire). Barely half of the participants provided fecal samples. Providing concise and relevant information to the patients at the right time was crucial in getting them to participate and stay in the study. The most common reasons for declining participation or dropping out were the expected burden of radiotherapy or acute side effects. Tailoring the ambition level to each patient concerning the collection of data beyond the primary endpoints was an important strategy to keep the dropout rate at an acceptable level. Using capsules rather than psyllium in powder form made it much easier to document intake and to create a control group. During the course of the preparatory study, we improved the logistics and for the last 12 participants included, the participation rate was 100% for the earliest primary outcome.Conclusion: A variety of adjustments in this preparatory study resulted in an improved participation rate, which allowed us to set a final protocol and proceed with the main study.

scholarly journals Effect of chicory inulin-type fructan–containing snack bars on the human gut microbiota in low dietary fiber consumers in a randomized crossover trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raylene A Reimer ◽  
Adriana Soto-Vaca ◽  
Alissa C Nicolucci ◽  
Shyamchand Mayengbam ◽  
Heekuk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Moderate Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Gi Symptoms

Abstract Background The low intake of dietary fiber compared to recommended amounts has been referred to as the dietary fiber gap. The addition of fiber to snack foods could favorably alter gut microbiota and help individuals meet intake recommendations. Objectives Our objective was to examine the effect of low- and moderate-dose fiber-containing snack bars, comprising mainly chicory root inulin-type fructans (ITF), on gut microbiota in healthy adults with habitual low dietary fiber intake using 16S ribosomal RNA–based approaches. Methods In 2 separate 4-wk, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trials, 50 healthy adults with low dietary fiber intake were randomly assigned to receive isocaloric snack bars of either moderate-dose fiber (7 g/d) or control in Trial 1 (n = 25) or low-dose fiber (3 g/d) or control in Trial 2 (n = 25), with 4-wk washout periods. Fecal microbiota composition and inferred function, fecal SCFA concentration, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, dietary intake, and quality of life were measured. Results Compared with the control group, the moderate-dose group showed significant differences across multiple microbial taxa, most notably an increased relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium genus from (mean ± SEM) 5.3% ± 5.9% to 18.7% ± 15.0%. With low-dose ITF, significant increases in Bifidobacterium were no longer present after correction for multiple comparisons but targeted analysis with qPCR showed a significant increase in Bifidobacterium. Predictive functional profiling identified changes in predicted function after intake of the moderate- but not the low-dose bar. Fecal SCFAs were affected by time but not treatment. There were no between-group differences in GI symptoms. Importantly, fiber intake increased significantly with the moderate- and low-dose bars. Conclusions In healthy adults, adding 3 or 7 g ITF to snack bars increased Bifidobacterium, a beneficial member of the gut microbial community. The addition of ITF to food products could help reduce the dietary fiber gap prevalent in modern life. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03042494.

Dietary fiber and its associations with depression and inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia G Swann ◽  
Michelle Kilpatrick ◽  
Monique Breslin ◽  
Wendy H Oddy
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
High Fiber Diet ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Dietary fiber is a crucial component of a healthy diet, with benefits that can be attributed to processes in the gut microbiota and the resulting by-products. Observational studies support associations between dietary fiber intake and depression and inflammation, but the potential mechanisms are poorly understood. This review examines evidence of the effects of dietary fiber on depression and inflammation and considers plausible mechanisms linking dietary fiber and depression, including microbiota-driven modification of gene expression and increased production of neurotransmitters. Additionally, inflammation may mediate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and depression. A high-fiber diet potentially lowers inflammation by modifying both the pH and the permeability of the gut. The resultant reduction in inflammatory compounds may alter neurotransmitter concentrations to reduce symptoms of depression. Further research into the link between dietary fiber intake and inflammation and depression is essential, as findings could potentially provide guidance for improvement in or prevention of inflammatory and depressive disorders.

scholarly journals High fiber, whole foods dietary intervention alters the human gut microbiome but not fecal short-chain fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Oliver ◽  
Alexander B. Chase ◽  
Claudia Weihe ◽  
Stephanie B. Orchanian ◽  
Stefan F. Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Consumption

ABSTRACTDietary shifts can have a direct impact on the gut microbiome by preferentially selecting for microbes capable of utilizing the various dietary nutrients. Intake of dietary fiber has decreased precipitously in the last century, while consumption of processed foods has increased. Fiber, or microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), persist in the digestive tract and can be metabolized by specific bacteria encoding fiber degrading enzymes. Digestion of MACs results in the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolic byproducts that are critical to human health. Here, we implemented a two-week dietary fiber intervention aiming for 40-50 grams of fiber per day within the context of a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) (n = 20). By coupling shotgun metagenomic sequencing and targeted gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we found that the dietary intervention significantly altered the composition of individual gut microbiomes, accounting for 8.3% of the longitudinal variability within subjects. Notably, microbial taxa that increased in relative abundance as a result of the diet change included known MAC degraders (i.e., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). We further assessed the genetic diversity within Bifidobacterium, assayed by amplification of the groEL gene. Concomitant with microbial composition changes, we show an increase in the abundance of genes involved in inositol degradation. Despite these changes in gut microbiome composition, we did not detect a consistent shift in SCFA abundance. Collectively, our results demonstrate that on a short-term timescale of two weeks, increased fiber intake can induce compositional changes of the gut microbiome, including an increase in MAC degrading bacteria.IMPORTANCEA profound decrease in the consumption of dietary fiber in many parts of the world in the last century may be associated with the increasing prevalence of Type II diabetes, colon cancer, and other health problems. A typical U.S. diet includes about ∼15 grams of fiber per day, far less fiber than daily recommended allowance. Changes in dietary fiber intake affect human health not only through the uptake of nutrients directly, but also indirectly through changes in the microbial community and their associated metabolism. Here we conducted a two-week diet intervention in healthy young adults to investigate the impact of fiber consumption on the gut microbiome. Participants increased their average fiber consumption by 25 grams/day on average for two weeks. The high fiber diet intervention altered the gut microbiome of the study participants, including increases in known fiber degrading microbes such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber, Genetic Variations of Gut Microbiota-derived Short-chain Fatty Acids, and Bone Health in UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Mengying Wang ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Heel Ultrasound ◽  
Genetically Determined

Abstract Context Dietary fiber intake may relate to bone health. Objective To investigate whether dietary fiber intake is associated with bone mineral density (BMD), and the modification effect of genetic variations related to gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Design The associations of dietary fiber intake with estimated BMD derived from heel ultrasound and fractures were assessed in 224 630 and 384 134 participants from the UK Biobank. Setting UK Biobank. Main Outcome Measures Estimated BMD derived from heel ultrasound Results Higher dietary fiber intake (per standard deviation) was significantly associated with higher heel-BMD (β [standard error] = 0.0047 [0.0003], P = 1.10 × 10–54). Similarly significant associations were observed for all the fiber subtypes including cereal, fruit (dried and raw), and vegetable (cooked and raw) (all P &lt; .05). A positive association was found in both women and men but more marked among men except for dietary fiber in cooked vegetables (all Pinteraction &lt; .05). A protective association was found between dietary fiber intake and hip fracture (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 0.89-0.99; P = 3.0 × 10–2). In addition, the association between dietary fiber and heel BMD was modified by genetically determined SCFA propionate production (Pinteraction = 5.1 × 10–3). The protective association between dietary fiber and heel BMD was more pronounced among participants with lower genetically determined propionate production. Conclusions Our results indicate that greater intakes of total dietary fiber and subtypes from various food sources are associated with higher heel-BMD. Participants with lower genetically determined propionate production may benefit more from taking more dietary fiber.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber Intake May Influence the Impact of FTO Genetic Variants on Obesity Parameters and Lipid Profile—A Cohort Study of a Caucasian Population of Polish Origin

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Czajkowski ◽  
Edyta Adamska-Patruno ◽  
Witold Bauer ◽  
Urszula Krasowska ◽  
Joanna Fiedorczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
The Impact

Genetic and environmental factors play a key role in the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs3751812, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs6499640, rs8044769, and rs7190492 genotypes and dietary fiber intake on the obesity-related parameters and lipid profile in the Polish population. We selected 819 Polish Caucasian adult subjects (52.5% female and 47.5% male) for a final gene–diet interaction analysis, with mean BMI 28.5 (±6.6) kg/m2. We performed measurements of anthropometric parameters, total body fat content and distribution, and blood glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations. Daily fiber intake was analyzed based on 3-day food-intake diaries, and daily physical activity was evaluated based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Long Form. Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype (rs3751812), CC genotype (rs8050136), and GG genotype (rs6499640) presented lower hip circumference if daily fiber intake was above 18 g per day. Additionally, GG genotype (rs3751812) and CC genotype (rs8050136) carriers showed surprisingly higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels when they were stratified to the group with higher than median fiber intake. The results of this study highlight that high-fiber diets may positively affect anthropometric parameters but may also worsen lipid profile dependent on the FTO genotype.

Is a High-fiber Diet Safe for Children?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019
Author(s):  
Christine L. Williams ◽  
Marguerite Bollella
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Small Loss ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Us Children ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Although dietary fiber is associated with important health benefits in childhood, there have been concerns that very high fiber diets may result in adverse health effects. This report reviews the major safety concerns associated with consumption of very high fiber diets, estimates the amount of fiber that may cause adverse physiologic effects in children, and proposes safe levels of dietary fiber intake for children and adolescents. Methods. Published studies on dietary fiber intake in childhood were reviewed to determine major safety concerns, to document adverse effects, to characterize subjects involved and the dose and type of fiber consumed, and to estimate potential relevance to US children and adolescents. Levels of dietary fiber reported to have adverse health effects were compared with recommended levels of fiber intake for children older than 2 years of age. Results and Conclusions. A review of the scientific literature suggests that a small loss of energy, protein, and fat may occur with a high intake of dietary fiber. However, this small loss of energy is unlikely to be significant to children consuming adequate levels of major nutrients, especially at conservative fiber intakes as recommended by the American Health Foundation's age plus 5 formula. In addition, it is estimated that even with a doubling of current dietary fiber, there is unlikely to be an adverse effect on serum vitamin and mineral concentrations in healthy US children consuming a balanced diet containing adequate levels of nutrients. Thus, evidence suggests that for US children, a moderate increase in dietary fiber is more likely to be healthful than harmful.

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