scholarly journals Dietary conjugated linoleic acids promote fatty streak formation in the C57BL/6 mouse atherosclerosis model

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Munday ◽  
Keith G. Thompson ◽  
Kerry A. C. James
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Lipoprotein ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are positional isomers of linoleic acid which have been suggested by some to possess antiatherosclerotic properties. To test this hypothesis, three groups of twenty C57BL/6 mice were fed on atherogenic diets containing: 5 g CLA/kg, 2·5 g CLA + 2·5 g linoleic acid/kg or 5 g linoleic acid/kg. All diets were fed for 15 weeks and contained (g/kg): triacylglycerol 145, free fatty acids 5, cholesterol 10 and cholic acid 5. At the completion of the experimental period, when data from both groups fed on CLA were combined, dietary CLA did not produce significant differences in body weight, serum total cholesterol concentration or serum HDL-cholesterol concentration. However, mice receiving CLA developed a significantly higher serum HDL-cholesterol: total cholesterol ratio and a significantly lower serum triacylglycerol concentration than controls. Despite causing a serum lipoprotein profile considered to be less atherogenic, the addition of CLA to the atherogenic diet increased the development of aortic fatty streaks. Considering the increased atherogenesis associated with dietary CLA in the present study, and the failure to demonstrate a significant beneficial effect of CLA in other animal studies, there is currently no conclusive evidence to support the hypothesis that CLA protect against atherogenesis.

scholarly journals Effect of chitin and chitosan on nutrient digestibility and plasma lipid concentrations in broiler chickens

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Razdan ◽  
D. Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Plasma Triacylglycerol

Broiler chickens were fed on a control diet based on maize and maize starch or diets containing chitin, or 94, 82 or 76% deacetylated chitin (chitosans) with different viscosities (360, 590 and 620 m Pa.s respectively) at an inclusion level of 30 g/kg. Animals had free access to feed and water for the whole experimental period. On days 10 and 18 of the experiment chickens given the control and chitin-containing diets weighed more, had consumed more feed and had lower feed conversion ratios (g feed/g weight gain) than chitosan-fed birds. Feeding of chitosan-containing diets generally reduced total plasma cholesterol and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations and gave an increased HDL:total cholesterol ratio in comparison with chickens given the control and chitin-containing diets. However, no significant reductions in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations resulting from feeding of the chitosan-containing diets were observed. The reduction in total cholesterol concentration and increased HDL: total cholesterol ratio were probably caused by enhanced reverse cholesterol transport in response to intestinal losses of dietary fats. The suggestion that dietary fat absorption was impeded by the chitosans was strengthened by the observation that ileal fat digestibility was reduced by 26% in comparison with control and chitin-fed animals. In a plasma triacylglycerol response study on day 21, feeding of 94 and 76%-chitosan-containing diets generally reduced postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations compared with chickens given the chitin-containing diet. Duodenal digestibilities of nutrients amongst chickens given the chitin-containing diet were generally lower than those of control and chitosan-fed birds indicating decreased intestinal transit time. The reduced caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations of chickens given chitosan diets compared with the control diet illustrates the antimicrobial nature of chitosan. The fact that the three chitosan-containing diets affected the registered variables similarly indicated that the level of inclusion of chitosans in the diet exceeded the level at which the effect of the different viscosities could be significant.

Effect of uremia on HDL composition, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. F1325-F1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Bang ◽  
Susanne Bro ◽  
Emil D. Bartels ◽  
Tanja X. Pedersen ◽  
Lars B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Amyloid A

Wild-type mice normally do not develop atherosclerosis, unless fed cholic acid. Uremia is proinflammatory and increases atherosclerosis 6- to 10-fold in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. This study examined the effect of uremia on lipoproteins, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Uremia was induced by nephrectomy (NX) and increased plasma urea and creatinine concentrations 2.5- to 4.5-fold; control mice were sham operated. After NX, mice were fed a Western-type diet or the same diet with 0.5% cholic acid. Cholic acid-fed NX mice did not thrive and were killed. In NX mice fed the Western-type diet ( n = 7), the total plasma cholesterol concentration was similar to that in sham mice ( n = 11), but on gel filtration the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was increased. HDL from NX mice contained more serum amyloid A and triglycerides and less cholesterol than HDL from sham mice. Plasma concentrations of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and aortic mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 did not differ between NX and sham mice. Twenty-six weeks after NX, the average oil red O-stained area of the aortic root was similar in NX and sham mice fed the Western-type diet, while it was increased in cholic acid-fed sham mice. The results suggest that moderate uremia neither induces aortic inflammation nor atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice despite increased LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and altered HDL composition.

scholarly journals β-Carotene Oxygenase 1 Activity Modulates Circulating Cholesterol Concentrations in Mice and Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 2023-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Amengual ◽  
Johana Coronel ◽  
Courtney Marques ◽  
Celia Aradillas-García ◽  
Juan Manuel Vargas Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Background Plasma cholesterol is one of the strongest risk factors associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and myocardial infarction. Human studies suggest that elevated plasma β-carotene is associated with reductions in circulating cholesterol and the risk of myocardial infarction. The molecular mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the impact of dietary β-carotene and the activity of β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), which is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, on circulating cholesterol concentration. Methods In our preclinical study, we compared the effects of a 10-d intervention with a diet containing 50 mg/kg of β-carotene on plasma cholesterol in 5-wk-old male and female C57 Black 6 wild-type and congenic BCO1-deficient mice. In our clinical study, we aimed to determine whether 5 common small nucleotide polymorphisms located in the BCO1 locus affected serum cholesterol concentrations in a population of young Mexican adults from the Universities of San Luis Potosí and Illinois: A Multidisciplinary Investigation on Genetics, Obesity, and Social-Environment (UP AMIGOS) cohort. Results Upon β-carotene feeding, Bco1−/− mice accumulated >20-fold greater plasma β-carotene and had ∼30 mg/dL increased circulating total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and non–HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) than wild-type congenic mice. Our results in the UP AMIGOS cohort show that the rs6564851 allele of BCO1, which has been linked to BCO1 enzymatic activity, was associated with a reduction in 10 mg/dL total cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.009) when adjusted for vitamin A and carotenoid intakes. Non–HDL-cholesterol concentration was also reduced by 10 mg/dL when the data were adjusted for vitamin A and total carotenoid intakes (P = 0.002), or vitamin A and β-carotene intakes (P = 0.002). Conclusions Overall, our results in mice and young adults show that BCO1 activity impacts circulating cholesterol concentration, linking vitamin A formation with the risk of developing ASCVD.

ACAT inhibition reverses LCAT deficiency and improves plasma HDL in chronic renal failure

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. F1038-F1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Vaziri ◽  
K. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Vldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lcat ◽  
Acat Inhibitor ◽  
Lcat Deficiency

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with increased risk of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease and profound alteration of plasma lipid profile. Uremic dyslipidemia is marked by increased plasma concentration of ApoB-containing lipoproteins and impaired high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. These abnormalities are, in part, due to acquired LCAT deficiency and upregulation of hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). ACAT catalyzes intracellular esterification of cholesterol, thereby promoting hepatic production of ApoB-containing lipoproteins and constraining HDL-mediated cholesterol uptake in the peripheral tissues. In view of the above considerations, we tested the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of ACAT may ameliorate CRF-induced dyslipidemia. 5/6 Nephrectomized rats were treated with either ACAT inhibitor IC-976 (30 mg·kg−1·day−1) or placebo for 6 wk. Sham-operated rats served as controls. Key cholesterol-regulating enzymes, plasma lipids, and creatinine clearance were measured. The untreated CRF rats exhibited increased plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL (VLDL) cholesterol, unchanged plasma HDL cholesterol, elevated total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, reduced liver microsomal free cholesterol, and diminished creatinine clearance. This was accompanied by reduced plasma LCAT, increased hepatic ACAT-2 mRNA, ACAT-2 protein and ACAT activity, and unchanged hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase. ACAT inhibitor raised plasma HDL cholesterol, lowered LDL and VLDL cholesterol, and normalized total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio without changing total cholesterol concentration (hence, a shift from ApoB-containing lipoproteins to HDL). This was accompanied by normalizations of hepatic ACAT activity and plasma LCAT. In conclusion, inhibition of ACAT reversed LCAT deficiency and improved plasma HDL level in CRF rats. Future studies are needed to explore the efficacy of ACAT inhibition in humans with CRF.

Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) Leaf Extract Mediates Hypolipidemic Action in Hamsters Fed a High-Fat Diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Sook Choi ◽  
Un Ju Jung ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Gyeong-Min Do ◽  
Seon-Min Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Fatty Acid ◽  
Coa Reductase

This study examined the effect of a Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extract (0.175 g/100 g diet) that was supplemented with a high-fat diet (10% coconut oil, 0.2% cholesterol, wt/wt) on hyperlipidemic hamsters. Hamsters fed with Du-zhong leaf extract for 10 weeks showed a smaller size of epididymal adipocytes compared to the control group. The supplementation of the Du-zhong leaf extract significantly lowered the plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, non HDL-cholesterol, and free fatty acid, whereas it elevated the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and apolipoprotein A-I levels. The hepatic cholesterol concentration was lower in the Du-zhong group than in the control group. The plasma total cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with hepatic HMG- CoA reductase activity (r = 0.547, p < 0.05) and hepatic cholesterol concentration (r = 0.769, p < 0.001). The hepatic fatty acid synthase and HMG- CoA reductase activities were significantly lowered by a Du-zhong leaf extract supplement in high fat-fed hamsters. Hepatic fatty acid synthase activity was positively correlated with plasma fatty acid concentration (r = 0.513, p < 0.05) that was lower in the Du-zhong group. These results demonstrate that the Du-zhong leaf extract exhibits antihyperlipidemic properties by suppressing hepatic fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis with the simultaneous reduction of plasma and hepatic lipids in high fat-fed hamsters.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Parameters and Total Cholesterol to HDL Cholesterol Ratio in Long-Distance Cyclists (Indonesia North Coast and Tour de Borobudur 2017 Study)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahalul Azam ◽  
Sri Ratna Rahayu ◽  
Arulita Ika Fibriana ◽  
Hardhono Susanto ◽  
Martha Irene Kartasurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North Coast ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

Total-Cholesterol(TC) to HDL-Cholesterol(HDL-C) ratio in athletes is well-known better than sedentary people. However, there is lack of information about comparison of TC/HDL-C in different groups of cyclists based on cycling touring characteristics and anthropometry parameters. This study was to compare TC/HDL-C ratio among groups based on type of tour participated in cyclists population.Eighty-eight participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Mean differences of parameters between groups analyzed by One-Way Anova test and independent t-test, while multivariate analyses was done by binary logistic-regression. P value &lt;0.05 was considered to statistical significance.TC/HDL-C ratio in all groups were less than 4.5. There is no differences of TC-levels (NC240K: 216.6±55.04, TdB140K: 208.1±27.13, TdB100K: 203.1±31.95; p=0.427). But there is significantly different of HDL-C (NC240K: 68.9±19.09, TdB140K: 52.1±13.9, TdB100K: 53.6±12.45; p=0.0001) and TC/HDL-C ratio (NC240K: 3.3±1.12, TdB140K: 4.2±1.07, TdB100K: 4.0±1.06; p=0.007). Based on TC/HDL ratio (≥4 or &lt;4) groups, there were differences of weight, BMI, waist-circumference, hip-circumference and type of cycling-touring (p&lt;0.05). Finally BMI and type of cycling-touring were the most-influenced factor.Long-distance cyclists have a synergistic effect of lipid profile and anthropometry measurements, and the heavier cycling touring participated that represent cycling training habits tend to have lower TC/HDL ratio(&lt; 4).

scholarly journals The correlation between lifestyle and lipid profile

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Bosa Mirjanic-Azaric ◽  
Mirjana Djeric ◽  
Maja Vrhovac ◽  
Dusanka Sukalo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. The aim of this study was to estimate if negative lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption, smoking and physical inactivity affect the lipid profile values. Material and methods. The study included 250 workers on regular examination in the Gradiska Health Center in the period from 2001 to 2002. There were 113 (45.2%) men and 137 (54.8%) women. The examinees were divided into three groups according age (25-39, 40-49 and 50-60 respectively). Standard laboratory methods were used to establish the following: total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol level, LDL cholesterol, atherosclerosis index (AI) and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol. Results Using a questionnaire, we have found out that out of 250 examinees 48.80% consume alcohol regularly, 50.80% are smokers and 36% are physically. The mean total cholesterol was high in all groups and it was 6.41 mmol/l. The mean triglyceride level was 1.88 mmol/l and mean HDL cholesterol was 1.48 mmol/l, I A was 2.99 and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio was 4.69. Statistical analysis showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between triglyceride values and alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity (p<0.05). Also, we showed that there was a statistically high relationship between HDL cholesterol values, AJ, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and smoking in the examined groups (p<0.01). Discussion In our study the lipid profile parameters were above the desired levels, probably due to unhealthy lifestyle, including smoking, alcohol consumption and insufficient physical activity. Our results are in concordance with the results of similar studies. Conclusion It is of utmost importance to take steps to improve lifestyle habits of our population.

scholarly journals Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on reduction of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
MARIA PRISKILA ◽  
DIAN ARININGRUM ◽  
ENDANG LISTYANINGSIH SUPARYANTI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Group I

Priskila M, Ariningrum D, Suparyanti ES. 2008. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) extract on reduction of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus). Biofarmasi 6: 45-51. Garlic has been widely recognized as herbal medicine for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia. The main bioactive compound, allicin, can influence cholesterol metabolism, reduce total cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of garlic extract on the reduction of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic rats. This research was an experimental research with pre and post-test control group design. The research used male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with ±3 mounts old and ±200 grams of body weight. The rats were divided into two groups, group I and II; each group consisted of 15 rats. Before the treatment, all rats were induced by a high-cholesterol diet for two weeks, to get a hypercholesterolemic condition. Group I, as a control group, were induced by a high-cholesterol diet, while group II, treatment group, were also induced by a high-cholesterol diet orally by 0.432 grams garlic extract /200 grams body weight/day. The treatment occurred for 25 days. The data were taken before the treatment and after the last treatment, by taking the blood from orbital sine of rats which been fasted for 12 hours, and the level of serum cholesterol total and the level of serum HDL cholesterol were checked from both groups, then the results were analyzed with t-test. Based on the results, it could be concluded that the oral induction of 0.432 grams garlic extract /200 grams body weight/day for 25 days on rats, could not reduce total cholesterol, therefore the serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol ratio was not significant (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the decrease of total cholesterol in treatment group and the decrease of HDL cholesterol in both groups were significant (p<0.05).

scholarly journals Anthropometric-Parameters and Total-Cholesterol to HDL-Cholesterol Ratio are Better in Long-Distance Cyclists (Indonesia North Coast and Tour de Borobudur 2017 Study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Mahalul Azam ◽  
Sri Ratna Rahayu ◽  
Arulita Ika Fibriana ◽  
Hardhono Susanto ◽  
Martha Irene Kartasurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
North Coast ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

Total-Cholesterol (TC) to HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio in athletes is well-known to be better than sedentary people. However, information about comparison of TC/HDL-C in different groups of cyclists based on cycling touring characteristics and anthropometry parameters is lacking. This study aimed to compare TC/HDL-C ratio between groups based on the type of tour in cyclists population. Eighty-eight participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Mean differences of parameters between groups was analyzed by One-Way Anova and independent t-test, whereas multivariate analyses was conducted by binary logistic-regression. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. TC/HDL-C ratio in all groups were less than 4.5. There is no differences of TC-levels (NC240K: 216.6±55.04, TdB140K: 208.1±27.13, TdB100K: 203.1±31.95; p=0.427). But there is significantly different level of HDL-C (NC240K: 68.9±19.09, TdB140K: 52.1±13.9, TdB100K: 53.6±12.45; p=0.0001) and TC/HDL-C ratio (NC240K: 3.3±1.12, TdB140K: 4.2±1.07, TdB100K: 4.0±1.06; p=0.007). Between TC/HDL ratio groups (≥4 or <4), there were differences of weight, BMI, waist-circumference, hip-circumference and type of tour (p<0.05). Finally, BMI and type of tour were the most influential factor. Long-distance cyclists have a synergistic effect of lipid profile and anthropometry measurements, and heavier cycling tour participant, that represent cycling training habits, tend to have lower TC/HDL ratio(< 4).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document