Support for Nation and Government Among English Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Mccrone
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Self Adaptation ◽  
Pass Through

Political socialization refers to the developmental process through which political orientations and patterns of behavior are acquired by members of a society. Some persons acquire only limited political dispositions as they mature while others continuously elaborate and revise personal systems of political belief, value, motivation and activity as they pass through childhood arid adult life. In some part socialization of political orientations is conscious self-adaptation to an otherwise confusing social environment. More often, perhaps, it is the result of taking unconscious cues and examples from such convenient sources as family, school, peers and mass media of communication.

The Primacy Principle: Attitude Change and Political Socialization

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Searing ◽  
Gerald Wright ◽  
George Rabinowitz
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Orientations

The ‘primacy principle’ comprises three assumptions about political orientations. The first is that they are learned during childhood. The second is that this childhood learning further shapes any subsequent modifications of them. The third is that the scale of any such subsequent modifications is small: fundamental political orientations tend to endure through life. We propose, using cohort analysis, to examine the extent to which three political orientations – party identification, political efficacy and political trust – do, as a matter of fact, endure through adulthood.

scholarly journals Merleau-Ponty on the Mirror Stage: Affect and the Genesis of the Body Proper in the Sorbonne Lectures

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Shiloh Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Child Psychology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Mirror Stage ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception

Abstract While Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception relies on the descriptive register of the body proper, his Sorbonne lectures on child psychology investigate the genesis of the experience of a body as one’s own. I demonstrate the uniqueness of Merleau-Ponty’s account of the narcissistic affect and sociality involved in this developmental process, distinguishing his account vis-à-vis Wallon’s and Lacan’s studies of the mirror stage. I conclude that in Merleau-Ponty’s account, (1) the experience of the body proper is not singular, but encompasses a range of phenomenological variation; and (2) the genesis of the body proper is not confined to the mirror stage. The production of bodily boundaries is an ongoing process identified not only with its advent in childhood, but also with adult emotional life. The boundaries between inner and outer domains of perception are not merely discovered, but must be negotiated and cultivated in the intercorporeal affective dramas of adult life.

scholarly journals Placental Origins of Chronic Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham J. Burton ◽  
Abigail L. Fowden ◽  
Kent L. Thornburg
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Epidemiological evidence links an individual's susceptibility to chronic disease in adult life to events during their intrauterine phase of development. Biologically this should not be unexpected, for organ systems are at their most plastic when progenitor cells are proliferating and differentiating. Influences operating at this time can permanently affect their structure and functional capacity, and the activity of enzyme systems and endocrine axes. It is now appreciated that such effects lay the foundations for a diverse array of diseases that become manifest many years later, often in response to secondary environmental stressors. Fetal development is underpinned by the placenta, the organ that forms the interface between the fetus and its mother. All nutrients and oxygen reaching the fetus must pass through this organ. The placenta also has major endocrine functions, orchestrating maternal adaptations to pregnancy and mobilizing resources for fetal use. In addition, it acts as a selective barrier, creating a protective milieu by minimizing exposure of the fetus to maternal hormones, such as glucocorticoids, xenobiotics, pathogens, and parasites. The placenta shows a remarkable capacity to adapt to adverse environmental cues and lessen their impact on the fetus. However, if placental function is impaired, or its capacity to adapt is exceeded, then fetal development may be compromised. Here, we explore the complex relationships between the placental phenotype and developmental programming of chronic disease in the offspring. Ensuring optimal placentation offers a new approach to the prevention of disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, which are reaching epidemic proportions.

Developing Athletes in the Context of Sport and Performance Psychology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc J. Martin ◽  
David J. Hancock ◽  
Jean Côté
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Performance Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Specialization ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Athletic Development

Talent development in sport is achieved through years of preparation and requires constant interaction between personal and contextual resources. Accordingly, extensive research has been dedicated to understanding factors that contribute to sport performance. Literature suggests the factors influencing athletic development can be classified in terms of the physical environment, the social environment, and engaging learning activities. Investigations pertaining to the physical environment suggest the importance of appropriate settings, which can relate to the sport organization or the larger community. Researchers must also cogitate the activities in which athletes take part. These considerations involve the maturational status of athletes, the volume of deliberate practice and play, and early specialization versus diversification. Finally, the salience of the social environment in relation to sport performance cannot be overlooked. Not surprisingly, the relations established with social agents (i.e., coaches, peers/teammates, parents) can facilitate or impede the developmental process. Consequently, the development of athletes in the context of sport and performance psychology extends past the individual and is influenced by several factors that must be discussed.

Taking Control of Their Lives? The Youth, Citizenship and Social Change Project

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Evans
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Early Adult Life ◽  
Youth Citizenship ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Pass Through

The question of whether there now exists a period of ‘extended dependency’ in young people's transitions is central to the ‘Youth, Citizenship and Social Change Research Programme’. The project ‘Taking Control’ aims to understand how young adults experience control and exercise personal agency as they pass through extended periods of transition in education and training, work, unemployment and in their personal lives in selected localities experiencing economic transformation in England and the new Germany. Through a combination of questionnaire survey and group interviews the study has investigated how, in different ways, choice and uncertainty can be important dimensions in young people's biographies in contemporary societies. Their experiences and their futures are not exclusively determined by socialising and structural influences, but also involve elements of subjectivity, choice and agency. The research contributes to understanding of the process involved in becoming ‘independent’ and ‘personally effective’ in different settings and has aimed to involve researchers and users (young people, policy-makers and practitioners) in debate about the most effective ways to support transitions in early adult life. While building on methodological approaches and findings of the author's previous Anglo-German research, this research is new and distinctive in its theme of control in the under researched ‘young adult’ phase (up to 25) and in the inclusion of the post communist society of eastern Germany in the selected localities.

scholarly journals Socjalizacja polityczna w przebiegu życia – perspektywa kontynuacji i zmiany

1970 ◽  
pp. 373-400
Author(s):  
Dobrochna Hildebrandt-Wypych
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Political Learning ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
The Life Course

The following text presents various alternative theoretical approaches in political socialization research. Some of the theoretical insights provided by the functional, systemic and interpretative perspectives are identifiedin order to depict the discussion around the continuity and change within the political socialization research. Whereas in the firstperiod of political socialization research the aim was to explain the continuity in the development of political orientations, it was later forced to account for modificationand the potential for change (especially when addressing the interpretative issues of identity politics). After describing the field’stheoretical shifts, the life-course model of political socialization is presented. The life-course model attempts to deal with the problem of continuity and change in the political socialization process, pointing to its remarkable complexity and lifelong flexibility.It offers a systematic, interdisciplinary and holistic way of conceptualizing political socialization. It points to the importance of political socialization research in demonstrating interdependence between objective functions of the political system and subjective political learning of a reflexive individual.

scholarly journals Mass Media and Political Socialization: Chile, 1970-2000

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-156
Author(s):  
Amy Walter
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Student Research ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Study Abroad Program

This article presents an undergraduate student research project on the effect of the mass media on political attitudes and behaviors in Chile between the years 1970 and 2000 conducted on a study abroad program in Chile.

Agriculture, Mass Media, and the Economic Development of India

2022 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Subir Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Socio Economic Development

In India, the enormous contribution of mass media in the agricultural sector helps to develop agriculture as well as the socio-economic structure of the nation. The chapter discusses the contribution of mass media in agricultural sector of India and how it supports the socio-economic development of the nation. Agriculture and economy are two essential factors of modern society. Agriculture helps in the development of economy whereas mass media gives a pace. Mass media is attracting the attention of the farmer, giving them information related to agronomy and creating needs and demands of agriculture through marketing techniques, which ultimately enhance the productivity and economy of the nation. Mass media is ultimately helping the overall sustainable developmental process of the agricultural sector of the nation.

Identification of Thymus Settling Progenitors.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2677-2677
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Schwarz ◽  
Avinash Bhandoola
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Multipotent Progenitors ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Adult Thymus

Abstract T cells develop in the thymus, but are ultimately derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that reside in the bone marrow. In order to produce T cells throughout adult life, the thymus must be periodically seeded by bone marrow progenitors via the blood. The identity of progenitors that seed the adult thymus is unknown. To determine which bone marrow progenitors that have access to they thymus, we analyzed the blood of adult mice (Schwarz & Bhandoola, Nature Immunology 2004). We found that the only progenitors in blood with T lineage potential were lineage negative cells with high expression of Sca-1 and c-Kit (LSK). Such LSK cells in blood were potent T lineage progenitors, with the capacity to expand over a million fold in the thymus. Like the corresponding population in the bone marrow, the blood LSK population was heterogeneous, containing HSCs and downstream multipotent progenitors (MPPs) including RAG-expressing early lymphoid progenitors (ELPs) and CD62L+ cells. In order to determine which of these LSK subsets can settle in the thymus, we developed a quantitative assay for thymic seeding in normal adult mice. We find that the fraction of LSK cells that settle in the thymus from the blood is extremely small. Of the estimated 3,000 to 4,000 LSK cells that pass through the thymic circulation each day, less than 10 cells are able to settle in the thymus. Our data suggest that any decrease in thymic seeding, as may occur in aging, would lead to a decrease in total thymic output.

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