A Note on the Fly Areas of North Nyasa District

1939 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
S. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Present State ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
The North ◽  
Factor Governing

In Nyasaland, as indeed in most territories in East Africa, the greatest single factor governing the distribution of both human population and stock is the presence of tsetse fly. Exact records, therefore, of the distribution of this fly are of importance. In the present article an attempt is made to summarise the present state of our knowledge regarding the prevalence of Glossina in the North Nyasa district.

Aircraft Applications of Insecticides in East Africa. VIII.—An Experiment against the Tsetse Fly, Glossina swynnertoni Aust., in an isolated Area of Thronbush and Thicket

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Hocking ◽  
G. F. Burnett ◽  
R. C. Sell
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Central Province ◽  
The North ◽  
Insecticidal Treatment ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Glossina Swynnertoni ◽  
Better Than

An isolated area of 2,200 acres of thicket and thronbush in the Central Province, Tanganyika, was treated from the air with a DDT-in-oil aerosol in an attempt to eliminate the tsetse fly, Glossina swynnertoni Aust. Eight applications of 0·25 lb. technical DDT per acre were planned to be done at fortnightly intervals.Delays due to unseasonal bad weather reduced this to seven at a slightly higher rate and over a longer-period.G. swynnertoni was reduced from an apparent density of about 7 to zero at the end of the second application. No flies were caught after the fifth application for a period of six months.It is not possible to say whether the few caught since then have been brought in or are the offspring of survivors of the insecticidal treatment.This experiment was more successful than that on the Galapo Block in the same ares, to a highly significant degree, and this is attributed to the vulnerability of the smaller population present. It was doubtfully better than the first treatment of the North Block, also in this area, because the increase in population in the latter block may have been assisted by immigration.

Aircraft Applications of Insecticides in East Africa. VII.—An Experiment against the Tsetse Flies, Glossina morsitans, Westw. and G. swynnertoni Aust., in the Rainy Season

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Hocking ◽  
G. F. Burnett ◽  
R. C. Sell
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
The North ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Coarse Aerosol

The “ North Block ” at Kikore, Central Province, Tanganyika, was treated with insecticide dispersed from an Anson 1 aircraft during the period 23rd January to 4th May 1951. The area consisted of some 4,000 acres of mixed bush, including about 230 acres of miombo, infested by two species of tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans Westw. and swynnertoni Aust.The insecticide used was equivalent to a 19·4 per cent. solution of technical BHC (equal to 2·45 per cent. γ isomer) in 50 per cent. diesel oil, 50 per cent. power kerosene. The solution was dispensed through a boom and nozzles under pressure as a coarse aerosol (mass median diam. 70 microns), at a nominal mean dose of 0·25 lb. technical BHC per acre per application. Eight applications were planned and seven completed.The first application was relatively ineffective, and for the second and subsequent cycles the emission rate was increased and over part of the block the swathe width was reduced. The result was a much improved kill but neither species of tsetse was exterminated.Owing to the number of factors involved, it is not possible to give any principal reason why this experiment was less successful than previous ones, but many of the difficulties encountered are inherent in rainy-season operations in East Africa.

scholarly journals Crustal variability along the rifted/sheared East African margin: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Vormann ◽  
Wilfried Jokat
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The South ◽  
East African ◽  
The North ◽  
Rifted Margins ◽  
Continental Block ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Southeastern Madagascar

AbstractThe East African margin between the Somali Basin in the north and the Natal Basin in the south formed as a result of the Jurassic/Cretaceous dispersal of Gondwana. While the initial movements between East and West Gondwana left (oblique) rifted margins behind, the subsequent southward drift of East Gondwana from 157 Ma onwards created a major shear zone, the Davie Fracture Zone (DFZ), along East Africa. To document the structural variability of the DFZ, several deep seismic lines were acquired off northern Mozambique. The profiles clearly indicate the structural changes along the shear zone from an elevated continental block in the south (14°–20°S) to non-elevated basement covered by up to 6-km-thick sediments in the north (9°–13°S). Here, we compile the geological/geophysical knowledge of five profiles along East Africa and interpret them in the context of one of the latest kinematic reconstructions. A pre-rift position of the detached continental sliver of the Davie Ridge between Tanzania/Kenya and southeastern Madagascar fits to this kinematic reconstruction without general changes of the rotation poles.

scholarly journals The Geology of Portuguese Nyasaland

1922 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Robert R. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Dark Continent ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Portuguese Nyasaland is the name given to the most northern part of Portuguese East Africa, lying between Lake Nyasa and the Indian Ocean. It is separated from the Tanganyika territory in the north by the River Rovuma and from the Portuguese province of Mozambique in the south by the River Lurio. The territory measures about 400 miles from east to west and 200 miles from north to south and has an area of nearly 90,000 square miles. This territory is now perhaps the least known part of the once Dark Continent, but while the writer was actually engaged in the exploration of this country in 1920–1, the Naval Intelligence Division of the British Admiralty published two handbooks, the Manual of Portuguese East Africa and the Handbook of Portuguese Nyasaland, which with their extensive bibliographies contained practically everything that was known of that country up to that date (1920). These handbooks make it unnecessary in this paper to give detailed accounts of the work of previous explorers.

scholarly journals History of Sleeping Sickness in East Africa

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Hide
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sleeping Sickness ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right

SUMMARY The history of human sleeping sickness in East Africa is characterized by the appearance of disease epidemics interspersed by long periods of endemicity. Despite the presence of the tsetse fly in large areas of East Africa, these epidemics tend to occur multiply in specific regions or foci rather than spreading over vast areas. Many theories have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, but recent molecular approaches and detailed analyses of epidemics have highlighted the stability of human-infective trypanosome strains within these foci. The new molecular data, taken alongside the history and biology of human sleeping sickness, are beginning to highlight the important factors involved in the generation of epidemics. Specific, human-infective trypanosome strains may be associated with each focus, which, in the presence of the right conditions, can be responsible for the generation of an epidemic. Changes in agricultural practice, favoring the presence of tsetse flies, and the important contribution of domestic animals as a reservoir for the parasite are key factors in the maintenance of such epidemics. This review examines the contribution of molecular and genetic data to our understanding of the epidemiology and history of human sleeping sickness in East Africa.

Anglo-Dutch-American Enlightenment

2020 ◽  
pp. 250-266
Author(s):  
Jonathan Scott
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
North West ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
American Enlightenment ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Cultural Movement ◽  
North Western

This chapter studies cultural invention in light of the North-Western European cultural movement called Enlightenment. Enlightenment refers, in the first place, to a description by European intellectuals of what they took to be an advanced present state of moral and natural knowledge by comparison to that of the ancients. With related self-confidence, in the heyday of their empires, some described their culture as possessed of a dynamic modernity to be distinguished from the ‘oriental' lethargy and backwardness existing elsewhere. Yet Enlightenment also originated as European self-criticism. One context for that was the comparative perspective acquired by discovery of non-European cultures. In this and in other ways the origin of Enlightenment, including its ‘conviction that progress had become unstoppable', lies in the period when Renaissance and Reformation combined with printing and natural philosophy to establish the culture of the European North-West.

scholarly journals La Réparation Individuelle en Application des Mécanismes Prévus par le Droit International Humanitaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Sophie Rondeau
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Present State ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Droit International ◽  
The Right ◽  
Droit International Humanitaire

Le présent article fait état d’un questionnement sur l’état actuel du rôle des normes juridiques émanant du système de droit international humanitaire (DIH) en ce qui a trait au droit à la réparation, en prenant soin de mettre la personne en tant que victime de la guerre au centre de notre réflexion. En considérant la notion de réparation sous l’angle de la victime comme un tout à décrire et à analyser, nous cherchons à savoir s’il existe un droit à la réparation que possède la victime d’un conflit armé régi par le droit international humanitaire. Le fondement même de cette recherche s’appuie donc sur le cadre normatif conventionnel du DIH régissant la notion de réparation, que cette dernière accorde ou non un droit à une victime.This paper presents a series of questions on the present state of the role of judicial standards arising from the system of international humanitarian law [IHL] as regards the right to compensation, by making it a point to place the person as a war victim at the center of our reflection. In considering the concept of compensation from the angle of the victim as a whole, we seek to know whether there exists a right to compensation to which the victim of an armed conflict governed by international humanitarian law is entitled. The very foundation of this research is thus based on the conventional normative framework of IHL governing the concept of compensation, whether or not it grants a right to a victim.

The North Caucasus in Contemporary U.S.-Russia Relations: Key Problems and Implications for the Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Suchkov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Present Article ◽  
The United States ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
Boston Marathon ◽  
The U.S

The North Caucasus is a most significant but a least understood problem in contemporary U.S.-Russia relations. The United States as one of the prime pace-setters in the region shaped its own attitude towards Russia’s most volatile region. Over more than twenty years, Washington experienced at least three major stages in its “Caucasus strategy”, and each stage had its impact on the North Caucasus. Since the beginning, the two states stuck to conflicting narratives of developments in the region. With time, some of the assessments were re-evaluated, but some continue to impede cooperation on key security issues. The present article explores these phenomena and examines what implications major events like the 9/11 attacks, the Caucasus Emirate enlistment among top terrorist organisations, the Boston marathon bombings, etc. had for the U.S.-Russia joint efforts in fighting terrorism. It also assesses areas of potential disagreement in the North Caucasus between the two countries.

Experimental Work with the Tsetse-fly, Glossina palpalis, in Uganda

1936 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Mellanby
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
London School ◽  
East African ◽  
Laboratory Assistant ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

This is an account of laboratory experiments made with the tsetse Glossina palpalis. The results deal mainly with the effects of climatic conditions, temperature and humidity in particular, on the metabolism and life-cycle. Some work was also done on the activity and behaviour of the fly, but this is very incomplete, though it shows the importance of the problem and the need for further study.The work was done during a visit of just over a year to East Africa, in 1935-36, as Wandsworth Scholar of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. I spent most of the time at the Human Trypanosomiasis Institute, Entebbe, Uganda, and also visited tsetse areas in Kenya and Tanganyika. I am grateful to all those who helped to make my visit profitable. Among others, to the Directors of Medical Services of the East African territories, in particular the Hon. W. H. Kauntze of Uganda, and many members of their departments. To Mr. C. B. Symes, Medical Entomologist, Kenya, and to Mr. W. H. Potts, of the Department of Tsetse Research, Tanganyika. I am especially grateful to Dr. H. Lyndhurst Duke, Director of the Human Trypanosomiasis Institute, for many kindnesses. Considerable assistance was received from Mrs. Helen Mellanby, who was working on allied problems at Entebbe. And mention must be made of the intelligent and conscientious help of my laboratory assistant, Omw. Bonaventure Semalwadde.

scholarly journals Een slachtoffer heeft JHWH in het Noorderland (Jer 46:10)

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik G.L. Peels
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
The North ◽  
Book Of Jeremiah

For the Lord will offer sacrifice in the land of the North (Jer 46:10). The present article ‘For the Lord will offer sacrifice in the land of the North (Jer 46:10)’ combines two focal points of my research, namely the issue of the Old Testament image of God and the interpretation of the book of Jeremiah. In Jeremiah 46:2–12, the first oracle against Egypt sketches a frightening picture of the destruction of Egypt’s army, which was crushingly defeated by the Babylonians at Carchemish. The destruction is represented as a sacrificial meal, at which the divine sword feasts on the flesh and the blood of God’s enemies. In order to adequately understand the purport of his prophetic interpretation, I present a contextual exegesis of the pericope. It is read in its literary context and against its historical background. After a concise analysis of its structure and a detailed exegesis of the pivotal verse (46:10), I conclude with a theological evaluation concerning the meaning and significance of this eerie prophecy.

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