Is Bactra bactrana (Kennel, 1901) a novel pest of sweet peppers?

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Roditakis ◽  
S. Morin ◽  
J. Baixeras
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Augmentative Releases ◽  
Extensive Damage

AbstractThis is the first report of Bactra bactrana (Kennel, 1901) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) attacking a major solanaceous crop, sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. The infestation was detected in two greenhouses at the area of Tympaki (Southern Crete, Greece). The moth larvae caused typical symptoms of a fruit borer with numerous small holes on the surface of the peppers and extensive damage on the inside of the fruit as a result of the feeding activity. Unknown factors facilitated this major shift in host range since B. bactrana is typically a stem borer of sedges. In addition, the pest status of B. bactrana is currently under question, as in both cases the infestations by the moth were associated with significant yield losses. B. bactrana was moderately controlled with chemicals registered for Lepidoptera management in sweet pepper due to the boring nature of the infestation. Some comparative taxonomic notes are provided to facilitate accurate pest discrimination of related Bactra species. Finally, biological attributes of the species are summarized and are discussed from pest control and ecological perspectives. Because Bactra species have been used in augmentative releases for the control of sage, the implications of our findings on the release of biocontrol agents are placed in perspective.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Antibiosis Resistance to the Dectes Stem Borer, Dectes texanus, in Soybean PI165673

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Lina M. Aguirre-Rojas ◽  
Lawrent L. Buschman ◽  
Brian McCornack ◽  
William T. Schapaugh ◽  
Erin D. Scully ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Antibiosis Resistance

Dectes texanus larvae girdles the stems of soybean and cultivated sunflowers causing significant yield losses in North America. The soybean Plant Introduction (PI) 165673 exhibits antibiosis resistance to the larval stage. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the inheritance of D. texanus resistance in PI165673; (2) evaluate PI165673 antibiosis resistance before 21 d post infestation; (3) evaluate girdling damage in PI16563 at the end of the season. K07-1544/PI165673 F2 and F2:3 populations were tested for resistance to D. texanus in 2011 and 2012, and PI165673 antibiosis resistance and girdling damage were evaluated in 2014. Segregation for resistance to D. texanus and heritability estimates in the F2 and F2:3 populations indicated that resistance was controlled by two genes with dominant and recessive epistasis. Antibiosis evaluations indicated: (1) PI165673 contained lower number of larvae and eggs relative to the number of oviposition punctures at 15 d post infestation; (2) the proportion of first-instar larvae was higher in PI165673 at 15 d post infestation; (3) larvae reach the sixth-instar stage in PI165673. None of the PI165673 plants were girdled at the end of the season. Identification of additional sources of D. texanus resistance is required to impair larval development in the stem.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics Used to Predict Virulence Factors and Metabolic Genes among Monilinia Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Marina Marcet-Houben ◽  
Maria Villarino ◽  
Laura Vilanova ◽  
Antonieta De Cal ◽  
Jan A. L. van Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Significant Yield

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is among the most important diseases in stone fruits, and some pome fruits (mainly apples). This disease is responsible for significant yield losses, particularly in stone fruits, when weather conditions favorable for disease development appear. To achieve future sustainable strategies to control brown rot on fruit, one potential approach will be to characterize genomic variation among Monilinia spp. to define, among others, the capacity to infect fruit in this genus. In the present work, we performed genomic and phylogenomic comparisons of five Monilinia species and inferred differences in numbers of secreted proteins, including CAZy proteins and other proteins important for virulence. Duplications specific to Monilinia were sparse and, overall, more genes have been lost than gained. Among Monilinia spp., low variability in the CAZome was observed. Interestingly, we identified several secondary metabolism clusters based on similarity to known clusters, and among them was a cluster with homology to pyriculol that could be responsible for the synthesis of chloromonilicin. Furthermore, we compared sequences of all strains available from NCBI of these species to assess their MAT loci and heterokaryon compatibility systems. Our comparative analyses provide the basis for future studies into understanding how these genomic differences underlie common or differential abilities to interact with the host plant.

Fungicide efficacy on tar spot and yield of corn in the Midwestern United States

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy E. P. Telenko ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Adam Byrne ◽  
Jill Check ◽  
Camila Rocco Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Tar Spot ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Foliar Fungicide

Tar spot of corn caused by Phyllachora maydis has recently led to significant yield losses in the eastern corn belt of the Midwestern United States. Foliar fungicides containing quinone outside inhibitors(QoI), demethylation inhibitors(DMI), and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI) are commonly used to manage foliar diseases in corn. To mitigate the losses from tar spot thirteen foliar fungicides containing single or multiple modes of action (MOA/FRAC groups) were applied at their recommended rates in a single application at the standard tassel/silk growth stage timing to evaluate their efficacy against tar spot in a total of eight field trials in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin during 2019 and 2020. The single MOA fungicides included either a QoI or DMI. The dual MOA fungicides included a DMI with either a QoI or SDHI, and fungicides containing three MOAs included a QoI, DMI, and SDHI. Tar spot severity estimated as the percentage of leaf area covered by P. maydis stroma of the non-treated control at dent growth stage ranged from 1.6 to 23.3% on the ear leaf. Averaged across eight field trials all foliar fungicide treatments reduced tar spot severity, but only prothioconazole+trifloxystrobin, mefentrifluconazole+pyraclostrobin+fluxapyroxad, and mefentrifluconazole+pyraclostrobin significantly increased yield over the non-treated control. When comparing fungicide treatments by the number of MOAs foliar fungicide products that had two or three MOAs decreased tar spot severity over not treating and products with one MOA. The fungicide group that contained all three MOAs significantly increased yield over not treating with a fungicide or using a single MOA.

scholarly journals Response of Sensitive and Resistant Snap Bean Genotypes to Nighttime Ozone Concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Kirsten L. Lloyd ◽  
Donald D. Davis ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
First Results ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

Effects of nighttime (2000 to 0700 hr) O3 on the pod mass of sensitive (S156) and resistant (R123) snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were assessed using continuous stirred tank reactors located within a greenhouse. Two concentration-response relationship trials were designed to evaluate yield response to nighttime O3 exposure (10 to 265 ppb) in combination with daytime exposure at background levels (44 and 62 ppb). Three replicated trials tested the impact of nighttime O3 treatment at means of 145, 144, and 145 ppb on yields. In addition, stomatal conductance (gS) measurements documented diurnal variations and assessed the effects of genotype and leaf age. During the concentration-response experiments, pod mass had a significant linear relationship with the nighttime O3 concentration across genotypes. Yield losses of 15% and 50% occurred at nighttime exposure levels of ≈45 and 145 ppb, respectively, for S156, whereas R123 yields decreased by 15% at ≈150 ppb. At low nighttime O3 levels of ≈100 ppb, R123 yields initially increased up to 116% of the treatment that received no added nighttime O3, suggesting a potential hormesis effect for R123, but not for S156. Results from replicated trials revealed significant yield losses in both genotypes following combined day and night exposure, whereas night-only exposure caused significant decreases only for S156. The gS rates ranged from less than 100 mmol·m−2·s−1 in the evening to midday levels more than 1000 mmol·m−2·s−1. At sunrise and sunset, S156 had significantly higher gS rates than R123, suggesting a greater potential O3 flux into leaves. Across genotypes, younger rapidly growing leaves had higher gS rates than mature fully expanded leaves when evaluated at four different times during the day. Although these were long-term trials, gS measurements and observations of foliar injury development suggest that acute injury, occurring at approximately the time of sunrise, also may have contributed to yield losses. To our knowledge, these are the first results to confirm that the relative O3 sensitivity of the S156/R123 genotypes is valid for nighttime exposure.

scholarly journals A BRIEF REVIEW FOR IDENTIFICATION AND DETECTION OF POTATO VIRUSES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madiha Urooj ◽  
Uzma Arif ◽  
Anisa Intikhab
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Significant Yield

Potato is ranked fourth among the food crop and fifth for human consumption. It provides more yield and calories production as compare to cereals. Fungal, viral, viroid, bacteria, nematode, phytoplasmas and abiotic factors play a pivotal role for yield reduction of potato crop. Viruses known to infect potato in Pakistan include PVA, PVM, PVS, PVX, PVY, PLRV and PMTV. Increasing incidence of PVX and PVY in main potato growing areas of Pakistan is getting an alarming position and PLRV has caused significant yield losses. Present review article demonstrate different techniques for diagnostics of major potato viruses.

scholarly journals Weed Mapping in Vineyards Using RGB-D Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kateris ◽  
Damianos Kalaitzidis ◽  
Vasileios Moysiadis ◽  
Aristotelis C. Tagarakis ◽  
Dionysis Bochtis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Weed Mapping ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Different Levels

Weed management is one of the major challenges in viticulture, as long as weeds can cause significant yield losses and severe competition to the cultivations. In this direction, the development of an automated procedure for weed monitoring will provide useful data for understanding their management practices. In this work, a new image-based technique was developed in order to provide maps based on weeds’ height at the inter-row path of the vineyards. The developed algorithms were tested in many datasets from vineyards with different levels of weed development. The results show that the proposed technique gives promising results in various field conditions.

scholarly journals Alternations in Biochemical Components in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Plants Infected with Chilli Leaf Curl Viral Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
A. N. Chaubey ◽  
R. S. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Leaf Curl

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important spice crop grown all over the world. Chilli leaf curl, a viral disease outbreak in almost every chilli grown area causing significant yield losses. An experiment was conducted to analyze the biochemical changes in infected and healthy plant of chilli. The chlorophyll a, b and total were highest in healthy leaves then infected leaves. Moreover, severely infected leaves have lower amounts of chlorophyll contents. Out of nine cultivars total phenol and tannin contents were found maximum in Gucchedar, POL-75 and Byddagi Kaddi in comparison to highly susceptible cultivars Musa Badi, Phuley Joyti and NPKT-2.

scholarly journals Identifying Soybean Rust-resistant and Susceptible Populations of Kudzu to Increase Disease Monitoring Efficiency in Alabama

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Sikora ◽  
Mary A. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Early Disease Detection ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is considered to be one of the most damaging diseases of soybean worldwide. Monitoring for the disease in Alabama relies heavily on scouting kudzu on a biweekly basis in south and central portions of the state from late January through the end of July in areas where soybean production is minimal and is critical to help growers avoid significant yield losses from SBR. Previous studies have reported that some kudzu populations are naturally resistant or immune to infection from the pathogen which can complicate early disease detection. This study will apply that knowledge to determine locations of kudzu populations that are either resistant or susceptible to P. pachyrhizi in order to increase monitoring efficiency and reduce costs associated with the scouting program. Results show that approximately 34% of the 162 kudzu sites tested in Alabama were resistant to P. pachyrhizi. By focusing scouting efforts on SBR-susceptible kudzu sites, we will reduce costs associated with the monitoring program by approximately 25% which is critical at a time when funding for such efforts is decreasing. Accepted for publication 24 October 2016.

ROOT MAGGOT DAMAGE TO CANOLA AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF DELIA SPP. (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) IN MANITOBA

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Turnock ◽  
B. Timlick ◽  
B.E. Galka ◽  
P. Palaniswamy
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cabbage Root Maggot ◽  
Root Maggot ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Increasing Precipitation

AbstractThe cabbage root maggot, Delia radicum (L.), was the only Delia species capable of attacking undamaged roots of canola [oilseed rape, Brassica napus (L.)] that was found in commercial fields in Manitoba. Adults of the overwintering generation infest canola. Their progeny, adults of the first generation, left the maturing plants after completing a single generation. Root maggot damage occurred in fields in all agricultural regions of the province. The mean percentage of the roots with damage was higher in the more northerly agricultural regions (15.8%) than in the south (8.0%). Most of the damage was light and the damage did not visibly affect the growth or vigour of the plants. Foot rot fungi were not associated with the feeding damage. In cage experiments, the seed yield of canola did not decrease with increasing proportions of plants damaged by D. radicum. The percentage of plants with root maggot damage (DAM) was best described in a polynomial by the mean daily air temperature (TEMP) and the total precipitation (RAIN) for June and July:log(DAM + 1)=–12.3 + 0.66 TEMP + 0.09 RAIN – 0.004(TEMP × RAIN).The level of damage caused by the larvae of D. radicum to canola in commercial fields during the years 1985 through 1988 did not appear to have caused yield losses. However, the level of damage increased with increasing precipitation and temperature during June and July so a series of favourable years could lead to increased damage and possibly to significant yield losses.

Effects of seed-gall nematode, Anguina tritici, on bread wheat grain characteristics and yields in Turkey

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Tulek ◽  
Ilker Kepenekci ◽  
Tugba Hilal Cifticigil ◽  
Irfan Ozturk ◽  
Kemal Akin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Research Institute

The effects of Anguina tritici on wheat yields and agronomic components were investigated at Thrace Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Evaluations during 2013 focused on the wheat cv. Pehlivan, which is widely cultivated in Turkey. In this cultivar, A. tritici led to a grain infection in infected spikes of 0-100%, with an average of 61.8%. In 2014, yield losses caused by A. tritici were investigated in four wheat cvs, Pehlivan, Selimiye, Gelibolu and Kate-A. Results indicated that there were significant yield losses averaging 55% in plots infested with A. tritici (average yields = 3.74 t ha−1), as compared to control plots (average yields = 8.38 t ha−1). Yield losses in the four wheat cvs Kate-A, Pehlivan, Selimiye and Gelibolu were estimated as 51.3, 53.2, 56.6 and 59.6%, respectively, with seed infection levels by A. tritici of 21.4, 20.9, 24.4 and 18.3%, respectively.

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