TWO TEXTUAL NOTES ON PINDAR'S EIGHTHNEMEAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Nicholas Lane
Keyword(s):  
Group I ◽  
The Subject

πολλὰ γὰρ πολλᾷ λέλεκται, νεαρὰ δ᾽ ἐξευρόντα δόμεν βαϲάνῳ     20ἐϲ ἔλεγχον, ἅπαϲ κίνδυνοϲ· ὄψον δὲ λόγοι φθονεροῖϲιν,ἅπτεται δ᾽ ἐϲλῶν ἀεί, χειρόνεϲϲι δ᾽ οὐκ ἐρίζει.κεῖνοϲ καὶ Τελαμῶνοϲ δάψεν υἱόν, φαϲγάνῳ ἀμφικυλίϲαιϲ.21. ὄψον δὲ λόγοι BD : δὲ λόγοι om. Tricliniusφθονεροῖϲιν BD : φθόνῳ εἰϲίν Vauvilliers (vel potius φθονερῷ ᾽ιϲιν)I translate: ʻFor many things have been told in many ways, but to give novel things, when one has found them out, to the touchstone | For testing is pure danger: words are anamuse-boucheto the envious, | And it fastens on good men always, not taking issue with inferiors. | That too gnawed at Telamon's son, had him writhing on a sword.’ The difficulty presented by the transition in 22 from the plural ʻthe envious' to the singular subject ʻit' will be obvious. However, some commentators, including Mezger, Fennell and Bury, have assumed that φθόνοϲ can be supplied as the subject of ἅπτεται in 22 from φθονεροῖϲιν in 21, and the modern texts of Pindar – Bowra, Puech, Turyn and Snell–Maehler – do not mention the possibility of corruption in 21.

Generalized Generosity: How the Norm of Generalized Reciprocity Bridges Collective Forms of Social Exchange

2021 ◽  
pp. 000312242110074
Author(s):  
Monica M. Whitham
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Affect Theory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Generalized Exchange ◽  
Strong Norm

This study examines the potential for small-scale acts of giving that are not directly reciprocated, or generalized generosities, to build social bonds and promote contributions to the group. Social exchange theorists define such acts as generalized exchange. The potential for generalized exchange to build strong social bonds relative to other forms of exchange is the subject of theoretical debate. In this article, I build on two prominent theories of social exchange—affect theory and the theory of reciprocity—to propose that a strong norm of generalized reciprocity may bridge the connective benefits of generalized exchange with the connective benefits of productive exchange, which is a collaborative form of social exchange that involves sharing pooled resources. I argue that a strong norm of generalized reciprocity will activate mechanisms theorized to build strong social bonds in generalized and productive exchange systems, and will promote additional behavioral investments into the group. I test my argument with a controlled laboratory experiment, finding strong support for the proposed causal model. The results of this study have implications for research on generosity, collective action, collaboration, sense of community, and social capital.

The Mexicans Speak for Themselves

1955 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-587
Author(s):  
C. Harvey Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Or History

Anyone teaching a course focused on an alien culture has his hands full—be it economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, geography, language, literature or history. The instructor constantly must ask himself: am I getting it across? That question, of course, is a normal one for any teacher but somehow it seems to appear more frequently and most frighteningly before the individual charged with enlightening some fellow Americans on the subject of some select foreign group. I remember the last time I got into that pattern of thought. That was the time I actually did something about it.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Penggunaan Bahan Desensitizing dan Tanpa Desensitizing Pasca Bleaching Ekstra-Koronal terhadap Kekerasan Email

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Wignyo Hadriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Vickers Hardness Number ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject

Latar Belakang. Pada bleaching ekstrakoronal diketahui terjadi proses demineralisasi sehingga terjadi hiersensitivitas dentin. UltraEZ salah satu bahan desensitizing yang dapat mengurangi hipersensitivitas akibat demineralisasi email pasca bleaching ekstrakoronal terkini. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kekerasan email pasca pemutihan gigi ekstra-koronal dengan aplikasi bahan desensitizing dan tanpa aplikasi bahan desensitizing. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan 20 gigi premolar permanen pasca pencabutanyang masih utuh dan direndam dalam saliva buatan, kemudian dilakukan pemolesan pada bagian bukal dengan menggunakan pasta profilaksis kemudian gigi dicuci dan dikeringkan. Bahan pemutih Opalescence Xtra Boost diaplikasikan pada semua permukaan bukal gigi premolar kemudian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok I, II, masing-masing kelompok sebanyak 10 gigi. Kelompok I sebagai kelompok control setelah dilakukan pemutihan, tidak dilakukan aplikasi Ultra-EZ, dimasukkan dalam wadah botol dan direndam dalam saliva buatan kemudian disimpan dalam incubator. Mahkota dan akar gigi,kemudian ditanam dalam resin akrilik sesuai kelompok sebelumnya dengan permukaan bukal menghadap ke atas. Semua sampel diuji kekerasannya dengan uji kekerasan Vickers menggunakan beban 100 g selama 15 detik. Permukaan bukal menghadap ke atas, kemudian dijepit dengan alat penjepit pada meja alat Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Sampel diatur sedemikian rupa sehingga akan terlihat gambar yang dapat diukur panjang diagonalnya langsung dengan micrometer yang ada pada lensa okuler. Nilai kekerasan email dalam Vickers hardness number (VHN) juga dapat diperoleh dari table setelah mengetahui rata-rata panjang diagonal, berat badan yang digunakan dan waktu yang digunakan untuk uji kekerasan. Pengujian ini dilakukan pada setiap kelompok. Selanjutnya diuji dengan uji-t. hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara aplikasi ultraEZ lima menit dibandingkan tanpa aplikasi ultraEZ terhadap kekerasan email pada p>0,05. Background. One of the side effect of bleaching agent is a dentine hypersensitive and ultraEZ is an agent can diminish this process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate difference of enamel microhardness post external bleaching with or without ultra-eze application. Method. Twenty extracted permanent bicuspid used in this study were divided into two group, each group contains 10 bicupids. Group I was treated external bleaching without ultra-eze application and group II was treated external bleaching with application ultraEZ for five minutes. After that all of the subject were seaked the artificial saliva and kept in the incubator 24 hours. Teeth were embedded into acrylic resin with the buccal sirface facing up. Further all of the subject was evaluated by Vickers using 100 g load for 15 seconds. Teeth were stapled on the Micro Hardness Tester table diagonal of emage was measure using micrometer attach on ocular lesnse. Email hardness can be known after calculating, the everage diagonal length, the load used and the duration of hardness test. Further the data was analize using t-test. The result shows there is significant difference between bleaching with and without the application of ultra-eze.

Thoughts on Flight Instrument Presentations

1968 ◽  
Vol 72 (690) ◽  
pp. 540-548
Author(s):  
T. E. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Commanding Officer ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Group I ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

One of the difficulties in giving a talk on flight instrument displays is that everyone in aviation seems to be an expert on this particular subject—or at least everyone has such fairly violently held prejudices that new ideas tend to be automatically opposed and are certainly viewed with suspicion. I am no exception although, of course, I consider my prejudices to be calmly reasoned opinions. Accordingly, being nominated by my Commanding Officer to address this test pilots’ group I swam into the literature on the subject— and there are fathoms of it—to find that most of my “new” ideas have been put forward before and, not only that, have often been rejected on pretty good grounds. In fact, insofar as instrument displays are concerned, history is anything but bunk and, quoting C. G. Grey of Aeroplane fame, “history is the greatest plagiarist and repeats itself to such an extent that if you knew all history one would never make a mistake in life because one would know all the mistakes that had been made”. And as you know, the difference between plagiarism and research is that if one steals ideas from more than one person, it is research. I hope to show that many of the latest ideas on displays have been previously tried but not pursued until later technological developments made their use necessary and possible. I also hope to put forward some of my ideas on this subject.

scholarly journals I. Barkerian Lecture.-The spectrum of silicon at successive stages of ionisation

1926 ◽  
Vol 225 (626-635) ◽  
pp. 1-48 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vacuum Tubes ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The spectrum of silicon has been the subject of numerous investigations, of which a convenient summary to the year 1912 has been given by Kayser. The spectrum is of special interest on account of the remarkable series of variations which accompany changes in the experimental conditions. These changes were first systematically investigated by Lockyer, who further showed that the different groups of lines which were developed with increasing intensity of discharge appeared in the spectra of stars following each other in order of increasing temperature. Four distinct groups of lines were recognised by Lockyer, namely:— Group I. λ λ 3905·8, 4103·2 Group II. λ λ 3853·9, 3856·1, 3862·7, 4128·1, 4131·1, 5042, 5057. Group III λ λ 4552·8, 4568·0, 4574·9. Group IV. λ λ 4089·1, 4116·4.§ The lines of Group I correspond to the arc spectrum, and are most strongly developed in stars approximating to the solar or G type. The chief lines of Group II are produced in the ordinary spark spectrum, but the fainter lines are best obtained in vacuum tubes; they have their greatest relative importance in stars of types F and A. Lines of Groups III and IV are also most effectively observed in vacuum tubes, and are produced in turn as the energy of the discharge is increased; they occur in successively higher stages of the stellar sequence, those of Group IV not appearing until the hotter B stars are reached.

scholarly journals Questionnaire based study showing role of anatomy in post-graduate courses in clinical subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 005-010
Author(s):  
Monika Lalit ◽  
Harbans S Azad ◽  
Sanjay Piplani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Skills ◽  
General Level ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Graduate Courses ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Graduate Curriculum ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background and aims : Clinical skills are built upon the anatomical knowledge, the study of which must not be reduced to a level where it becomes detrimental to the care of patients. The drastic curtailment of period in basic teaching of anatomy in the curriculum of undergraduate medical students from one and a half year to one year, non availability of cadavers and decline in faculty have further reduced the general level of its applied aspect. This situation illustrates the need for organized teaching of clinically relevant Anatomy as part of post-graduate curriculum. The aim of the present study is to assess and evaluate the group's perception towards organized teaching of clinically relevant Anatomy as part of clinicaVsurgical subjects. Materials and methods : Three groups were made which reflect their perception in the form of questionnaire responses towards organized teaching of clinically relevant anatomy as a part of clinicaVsurgical subjects. The questionnaire were framed to assess whether these visits were of any help in betterment of their understanding of clinical subjects. Results : Based on groups perception in the form of questionnaire responses the results were observed, recorded and tabulated. Before viewing the sections of regional anatomy 63.3% (19) of group I and 80% (72) of group II and in group ill 86.7% (26) were in favour of having the moderate knowledge of the structures while attending the operation. After viewing the specimens out of 150 participants 86.7% rated this method of great help. 70% (105) were in view that the knowledge of normal histology also helps in understanding the subject of pathology. 91.3% (137) commented that of all the basic sciences, Anatomy is the most clinically relevant and should be revised thoroughly during post graduation courses. Conclusion: Anatomy forms back-bone of all specialties, without which foundation of clinical specialties could not be strengthened. Thus anatomy as it applies to all aspects of surgery and other clinical subjects should be revised thoroughly during their post-graduation.

scholarly journals Metacognitive failure in constructing proof and how to scaffold it

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-314
Author(s):  
Eka Resti Wulan ◽  
Subanji Subanji ◽  
Makbul Muksar
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
State University ◽  
Proof Construction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Stimulated Recall ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
The Subject

This research aims to describe the students’ metacognitive failure in constructing proof and the scaffolding support. The participants of this qualitative case study were eight preservice mathematics teachers of six-semester, State University of Malang. We carried out a test about proof construction problems in Abstract Algebra. Then we verified the data using triangulation of constant comparative method from a test and a task-based interview with the stimulated recall. The results indicated two groups of students in proving strategy.  Group I performed “appropriate” syntactic strategy and Group II vice versa. Blindness was experienced by the subject that does not recognize errors detection or the ambiguity of the proof. Mirage occurred when the subject recognizes an error detection on the proper strategy or application of a theorem, then is unable to verify the truth of his work. Misdirection appeared when the subject recognizes a lack of progress, then uses an incomplete or irrelevant concept. Vandalism emerged with no progress or detection of errors of the strategy then the subject performs some irrelevant steps to the issue or uses a misconception. Practically, the teachers can use these results for learning innovations in scaffolding-based proof courses. The scaffolding might need some development and application in supporting students to overcome difficulty in proving mathematical sentences. 

Routes of Absorption in Hydronephrosis: Experimentation with Dyes in the Totally Obstructed Ureter

1928 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Duncan M. Morison
Keyword(s):  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
General System ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tubular Absorption ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

In hydronephrosis the contents of the renal pelvis are constantly being changed. The exact mode of the interchange is still obscure. With the hope of obtaining some evidence of this absorption, a series of experiments has been carried out, introducing dyes at various periods in total hydronephrosis. The findings of previous experimental work on the subject are conflicting. Two views are held; one, that absorption occurs solely through the tubular system, and the other, that there is a direct outflow from the renal pelvis into the venous system. In the present work only such an amount of dye was introduced in each instance as to be well within the pelvic capacity of the type of kidney (rabbit). The factor of positive pressure forcing the dye into abnormal channels was thus reduced to a minimum. Two groups of experiments were undertaken. In Group I, the dye was introduced at the outset of the hydronephrosis, and in Group II the dye was introduced at varying periods in the course of an established hydronephrosis. The results obtained would indicate that in total hydronephrosis there are two routes of absorption from the renal pelvis, i.e., lymphatic and tubular. At the outset of complete ureteral obstruction there ensues for the first two or three days an active lymphatic absorption from the walls of the renal pelvis and ureter. After about the third day, tubular absorption commences and continues more actively than the lymphatic. If, however, dye is not introduced till the third day of a hydronephrosis, there is rapid tubular absorption but no lymphatic absorption. With longer periods of hydronephrosis the dye is drawn up the tubule system as far as the convoluted tubules. The further absorption of dye into the general system has not yet been obtained.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF TRUWINIST INTERDIGITAL METHOD AND CONVENTIONAL IN LEARNING APPROPRIATE DRUG SELECTION AND PRESCRIBING FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Trully Deti Rose Sitorus ◽  
Kuswinarti Kuswinarti ◽  
Istriati Istriati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Clinical Skill ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Subject

Background: Medical education in Indonesia has been using Problem Based Learning curriculum. Meanwhile, the patient management ability evaluation showed the lowest result among all evaluation in Ujian Kompentensi Mahasiswa Program Pendidikan Dokter (UKMPPD).  Truwinis Interdigital Method (TIM) has been developed to improve student ability in choosing the appropriate drug and prescribing for Diabetes Mellitus type 2. The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of TIM toward Conventional Method (CM).Methods: This research used cross-sectional design. The subject is 82 student who attend Clinical Skill Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolism System of Faculty Medicine of Universitas Padjadjaran. The subject is divided into two groups, Group I: CM (control), Group II:  TIM (Intervention). TIM consist of e-learning and audiovisual material. Parameters in this research were ability of choosing appropriate drugs test and Objective Skill Clinical Examination (OSCE). The data is analyzed statistically. Results: The data showed   homogenousity in both groups (p>0,05). The average test score for CM group was 25,11 ± 10,84 and for TIM group was 80,06 ± 14,19. This was statistically significant (p < 0,0001). The average   test score of OSCE for CM group was 39,63   11,73 and for TIM group was 62,74 ±14 ,07. This was also statistically significant (p<0,0001).Conclusion: Truwinist Interdigital Method is more effective than the Conventional Method in learning appropriate drugs selection and prescribing for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Packaging for the Citrus Industry

1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Subject

When I was approached by Tom Kimball to make this talk to your group I was very much pleased. First, because I considered it a compliment to appear before you at this annual meeting, and secondly, because the subject of Packaging has earned a spot on this program. Paper published with permission.

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