Effects of Frequent Clipping on Three Perennial Weeds, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. and Cyperus rotundus L.

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menashe Horowitz

SUMMARYEstablished plants of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.), grown in containers, were repeatedly clipped to the ground from spring to winter, at monthly and bi-weekly intervals. Regrowth of bermudagrass was markedly reduced after monthly clippings, but all plants regrew in the following March; there was no regeneration in March of bi-weekly clipped plants. Severe decrease of regrowth of clipped johnsongrass occurred after bi-weekly or monthly clippings, but a quarter of the clipped plants regenerated in the following March. Nutsedge was more resistant to clipping than the other two species and all clipped plants regrew vigorously in the following March. Repeated clipping reduced the rhizome length or tuber number and the dry matter content in the regrown plants in proportion to the frequency of clipping.

1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Dodsworth

1. A feeding trial is described including four groups of cattle fed on silage only, two mixtures of silage and roots, and roots, straw, hay and oats.2. The live-weight gains made are recorded together with the rate of dry-matter intake.3. The efficiency of the dry matter of the diets was calculated.4. Silage fed alone produced a significantly greater rate of fattening than the other three diets.5. Cattle receiving roots in the morning and silage at night consumed 10·78% more dry matter and made greater live-weight gains than cattle fed on silage in the morning and roots at night.6. Calculation of the starch values of the roots and silage showed that these are higher when fed together than when silage is fed alone or when roots are fed with straw, hay and oats.7. An experiment is described designed to determine the effect of the dry-matter percentage of the diet on dry-matter intake in ruminants and of sudden changes in dry-matter content on digestibility.8. Sheep receiving 19·46% dry-matter silage consumed 16·7% more dry matter and 19·8% more starch equivalent than sheep eating 15·85% dry-matter silage.9. When the dry-matter percentage of the silage fell from 19·46 to 15·77 the digestibility of the dry matter fell by over 10%.10. The starch equivalent of the silage when fed alone was determined from the results of a digestibility trial and according to the performance of the cattle in the feeding trial. The values found were 65·88 and 66·15% respectively.11. The losses suffered in silage-making in twentyfive silos are recorded and discussed. The loss of dry matter and crude protein both average approximately 40% of that ensiled. The need for finding methods of reducing these losses is again stressed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H. KRENCHINSKI ◽  
V.G.C. PEREIRA ◽  
L.H.S. ZOBIOLE ◽  
A.J.P. ALBRECHT ◽  
L.P. ALBRECHT ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Control of Conyza spp. prior to soybean sowing has faced difficulties because of the resistance cases in Brazil, hence new herbicides as halauxifen-methyl + diclosulam are important to manage this specie. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the herbicide halauxifen-methyl + diclosulam applied at pre-planting of soybean. The experiments were set up in three locations in Paraná State, Brazil, in the 2015/2016 season. The herbicide halauxifen-methyl + diclosulam was associated with glyphosate and compared to other commercial herbicide to Conyza spp. control. The application occurred 15 days before soybean sowing, in plants of Conyza spp. with an average height of 20-35 cm in the three areas. None of the treatments promoted Conyza spp. control above 90%, when soybean was at the V1 stage; however, the findings showed that halauxifen-methyl + diclosulam promoted better control in comparison to the other treatments. The control reached >90% at V3 soybean development stage, in which treatments containing glyphosate + halauxifen-methyl + diclosulam were more effective than the other treatments. In addition, treatments with glyphosate + halauxifen-methyl + diclosulam decreased dry matter content of Conyza spp. between 87 and 93%, depending on the location, when compared to the control. The burndown treatment to Conyza spp. with glyphosate + halauxifen-methyl + diclosulam did not decrease soybean yield, and it was always higher than the untreated check.


2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-683
Author(s):  
Alina Kałużewicz ◽  
Romuald Górski ◽  
Krzysztof Sobieralski ◽  
Marek Siwulski ◽  
Iwona Sas-Golak

Abstract The aim of the research was to assess the influence of calcium chloride and calcium lactate irrigation on the yield volume and dry matter content in two champignon strains, ie Amycel 2200 and Italspawn F59. When both strains were irrigated with calcium lactate, there was a significant decrease observed in the yield when the concentration of the solution was 0.6%. On the other hand, when calcium chloride was applied to the Italspawn F59 strain, there was a significant decrease in the yield when the concentration was as low as 0.4%, whereas the yield of the Amycel 2200 strain dropped when the concentration of calcium chloride was 0.6%. The irrigation with calcium chloride and calcium lactate had influence on the content of dry matter in the champignon carpophores. When the solutions under investigation were applied at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6%, there was a significant increase observed in the content of dry matter in both strains.


2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Olsen ◽  
E.-M. Vestergaard ◽  
L. Dybkjær

AbstractStraw is frequently supplied as a rooting material to improve the welfare of pigs. In Denmark, organically raised slaughter pigs must have access to both straw and roughage. In order to evaluate whether roughage can he used as an appropriate rooting substrate for pigs, the effects of six different roughage types on pigs’ behaviour was examined. Pairs of 11-week-old pigs were placed in specially designed 4 m2 pens. Each pen contained a self-feeder for cereal, a water bowl, a box for roughage, a straw- bedded area and a dunging area. Four replicates were carried out, each consisting of seven pairs of pigs. In each replicate, each pair of pigs was supplied with either whole-crop silage of oats, vetch and lupin (Avena sativa, Vicia sativa, and Lupinus luteus (OVL), whole-crop silage of barley and peas (Hordeum vulgare and Pisum sativum ssp. arvense) (BP), whole-crop silage of clover and grass (Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne (CG), green grass meal (Poa ssp.) (GM), hay of clover and grass (Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne (H), fodder beets (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) (B), or no roughage (the control treatment) (CON). The pigs manipulated OVL for longer than the other roughage products (P < 0·01). When OVL was omitted from the analysis, B was manipulated for longer than CON (P < 0·05). The pigs that were offered CON manipulated equipment for a longer time than pigs offered B (P < 0·05) and tended to manipulate equipment for longer than pigs offered OVL (P = 0·065). Interestingly, OVL and B were the two products with the lowest dry-matter content. It may suggest that the amount of time spent manipulating roughage will depend considerably on the specific characteristics of the roughage offered, for instance dry matter content and complexity but probably also texture, smell and taste. In addition, the time spent manipulating other elements in the pen will depend on the type of roughage offered. In conclusion, the present study shows that some, but not all, types of roughage are suited as an enrichment of the pig’s environment.


Author(s):  
C R Stone ◽  
M Appleton

Silage based diets fed to store lambs have often produced unsatisfactory growth rates. The factors affecting silage dry matter intake and the utilisation of silage by store lambs are not clearly understood.In each of two years 1981/2 and 1982/3 spring born store lambs (initial liveweight 31 kg) were housed from October until January. Three types of silage were fed ad-libitum:-1. Unwilted + additive (UN + A).2. Wilted + additive (W + A).3. Wilted without additive (W).Two groups of 23 lambs were fed on each type of silage; one group without supplementation (Nil) and the other at 60 g white fishmeal per lamb per day (WFM).


1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
J. A. Arroyo ◽  
L. Rivera Brenes

Digestible energy and digestible protein were determined for Giant Pangola (Digitaria valida Stent), Signal (Brachiaria brizantha), and Napier (Merker) (Pennisetum prupureum) grasses. Total digestible nutrients were also calculated. Digestible protein for Napier (Merker), Giant Pangola, and Signal grasses were 3.21, 2.62, and 2.03 percent. Total digestible nutrients in the same order were, 53.95, 66.07, and 64.60 percent. Two digestion trials were made, one when the grasses were about 50 and the other when they were about 80 days old. The average digestion coefficient for energy for Napier (Merker) was 47.65 percent, for Giant Pangola 55.12, and for Signal grass 52.26. Both Giant Pangola and Signal grasses are much higher in dry-matter content than Napier (Merker) at 50 days of age, a very important characteristic nutritionally speaking.


1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menashe Horowitz

SUMMARYIn a short-term competition experiment in large containers, growth of cotton planted 3 weeks after bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) or purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), was severely reduced; after 10 weeks of competition, weedy cotton weighed only 15 per cent of the weed-free control. Cotton sown before weeds, or weeds planted before cotton, were only slightly affected by competition. Highly significant negative correlations were found between growth parameters of cotton and weeds. Inhibiting effects, and in some cases transitory stimulation, were produced on mustard seedlings by leachate from weed-infested soil and by extracts from subterranean weed parts, suggesting that the competitive effects of perennial weeds are due to nutrient depletion and to biologically active substances.


2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.


2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document