scholarly journals Performance of elite genotypes of barley, chickpea, lentil, and wheat under conservation agriculture in Mediterranean rainfed conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-143
Author(s):  
Mina Devkota ◽  
S. B. Patil ◽  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
Zakaria Kehel ◽  
Jacques Wery
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractConservation agriculture (CA) practices are becoming more important in Mediterranean rainfed areas due to their potential to minimize climatic risk, reduce soil erosion, and improve soil quality and water availability. Due to minimum soil disturbance and crop residue retention, the soil environment for crop growth and development can differ between CA and conventional tillage (CT) practice. However, breeding targets for improving yield performance in CA system remain poorly explored. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of elite genotypes of barley, chickpea, lentil, and wheat grown under CA, a promising alternative agricultural practice in the Mediterranean rainfed conditions. A three-year field study, with contrasting rainfall pattern, was conducted in the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas’s research field in Morocco to evaluate the tillage × genotype interaction and its consequence for yield performance of barley, chickpea, lentil, and wheat. Thirteen elite genotypes for each crop were planted under both CA and CT systems. Wheat and chickpea produced significantly higher grain yield (+62% for wheat and +43% for chickpea) under CA than in CT, while lentil and barley performed equally under both systems. Significant effect of tillage × genotype was more frequent for chickpea and wheat than for barley and lentil. Increased yield under CA, mainly in dry year, was associated with higher harvest index (HI). For each crop species yield was mainly influenced by rainfall amount and distribution (75–88% yield variation), and tillage × genotype was of little importance. The overall results suggest that a specific breeding program for CA in lentil, chickpea, wheat, and barley may not be efficient. Few tillage × genotype interaction, especially in dry years, indicated that breeding target on increasing HI, tolerance to drought (high yield in dry years), and potential yield (high yield in wet year) can help to improve yield performance of chickpea, lentil, and wheat genotypes in CA system. Varieties with wider adaptability considering drought tolerance, higher yield with stability, and adoption of CA practices are important in the context of the Mediterranean rainfed environment. Integrating trade-off analysis between yield potential and stability in a rainfall gradient in both CT and CA in the national certification scheme of varieties may be more efficient than developing breeding programs for each type of tillage system.

scholarly journals Screening for Drought Tolerance in Thirty Three Taro Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F.T. GANANÇA ◽  
José G.R. FREITAS ◽  
Humberto G.M. NÓBREGA ◽  
Vanessa RODRIGUES ◽  
Gonçalo ANTUNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Duration

Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is a root crop which is an important staple food in many regions of the world, producing 10.5 million tonnes on 1.4 million hectares a year. The crop is cultivated in wet (rain fed) or irrigated conditions, requiring on average 2,500 mm water per year, and in many countries it is cultivated in flooded plots. It is estimated that taro production could decrease by 40% as a result of the increase in drought and other severe events. In this work, thirty three accessions, including local cultivars, selected and hybrid lines were submitted to long duration drought stress and screened for tolerance. Twelve physiological, morphological and agronomic traits were measured at harvest, and subject to multivariate analysis. Stress indices, Water Use Efficiency and Factorial Analysis were useful for discriminating accessions regarding drought tolerance and yield stability, and drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars were identified. Our results confirm that different taro cultivars have different drought avoidance and tolerance strategies to cope with water scarcity. Better yield performers minimised biomass and canopy loss, while tolerance was observed in cultivars that presented low potential yield, but efficiently transferred resources to enhance corm formation. Among the 33 accessions, two local cultivars showed high yield stability and could be considered as suitable parents for breeding programs, while two others are well adapted to drought, but with overall low yield potential.

Yield Potential and Stratified Growth Analysis of an Indeterminate Climbing Pole Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) in Mexico

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fanjul ◽  
J. Kohashi-Shibata ◽  
E. Hernandez-Xolocotzi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Major Factors

SUMMARYThe yield potential of a highly productive non-commercial Type IV bean cultivar was determined under optimum field conditions, grown in monoculture at 1 plant/m2 on trellises 3 m high. Canopy growth was analysed by dividing the stand into 25 cm horizontal strata. The main components of yield were number of inflorescences and number of pods per stratum. Daily yield for the growing period was 4.9 g dry weight/m2. Although a high yield per plant was recorded (823 g/plant) drop of young pods and seed abortion were the major factors reducing the potential yield.

scholarly journals Performance of Sorghum Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) developed for rain-fed areas of Sudan

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-406
Author(s):  
El Hassan ◽  
Yasir Gamar ◽  
Ibrahim Elzein ◽  
Asma Ali ◽  
Tareg Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Wide Range

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is the most widely produced and consumed cereal crop in Sudan. However, productivity is low since the crop is produced in favorable and unfavorable environments where the crop suffers from drought stresses at different growth stages. In the present study, six sorghum inbred lines developed by local breeding program and two commercial checks were evaluated for grain yield potential, yield stability, some important agronomic characters and grain quality properties. Series variety trials were conducted at Elobeid and Suki, Damazin areas of Sudan, during three consecutive rainy seasons. The selected locations represent low, medium and high rainfall areas of Sudan. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that mean squares of genotypes, seasons, locations, location x season, location x genotypes, season x genotypes and season x location x genotype interactions were highly significant (P=0.01) for grain yield. The sorghum genotypes Edo 34-23-4, Edo 26-18 and Edo 16-dwarf produced substantially higher grain yields than commercial checks and the trial mean. Their percentage yield increase ranged from 5% to 75% over commercial checks. The stability analysis revealed that the above mentioned Edo-genotypes had high yield potentials and were stable across a wide range of agricultural conditions. Moreover, the same Edo-lines showed early maturing compared to selected commercial checks and also the Edo-lines possessed good food grains and were market preferred and acceptable for making quality kisra (fermented sorghum pancake-like flatbread). The Edo developed lines also possess the acceptable grain quality in addition to moderate physical grain characteristics such as protein content, fat acidity and moisture content.

scholarly journals STRESS TOLERANCE INDEX- A NEW INDICATOR OF TOLERANCE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 626d-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C.J. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Data

Selection criteria for identifying genotypes with high stress tolerance and high yielding potentials were compared using a moderately stressed, (Stress intensity, [1-(mean stress yield (Yp̄)/mean potential yield (Ys̄)] 0.73) and a severely stressed (Stress intensity, 0.24) mungbean yield data sets. Selection based on tolerance (T), difference between potential yield (Yp) and the yield in stress environment (Ys) favored genotypes with tolerance and low yield potentials. Selection based on the mean productivity (MP), [MP=(Yp+Ys)/2] favored the genotypes with high yielding potential. The Stress Susceptibility Index (S), (S = [(Yp-Ys)/Yp]/[(Yp̄-Ys̄)/Yp̄], also favored the low yielding and stress tolerant genotypes. These selection criteria failed to identify genotypes with high yielding and stress tolerance potentials. Thus, a selection criterion, Stress Tolerance Index (STI) is proposed here which identifies genotypes with high yield and stress tolerance potentials. The STI takes into account both stress tolerance and yield potentials. The STI is estimated as: [Yp/Yp̄][1-(T/Yp̄)]. The higher the value of STI for a genotype in a given stressed environment, the higher was its stress tolerance and yield potential. The interrelationships between these stress tolerance criteria are discussed by a biplot display.

scholarly journals Simulating switchgrass aboveground biomass and production costs in eastern Canada with the Integrated Farm System Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-800
Author(s):  
Marc Duchemin ◽  
Guillaume Jégo ◽  
René Morissette
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
System Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a herbaceous perennial grass that can be used as bedding for livestock, planted in buffer strips, and used as biofuel, but it is still not widely grown in eastern Canada. The objectives of this study were to verify the performance of the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM) in simulating switchgrass growth and to estimate its yield potential and production costs in eastern Canada. The performance of IFSM was assessed with dry matter (DM) yield of switchgrass (‘Cave-in-Rock’) measured over three growing seasons (2015–2017) in southern Quebec, Canada. The model performed reasonably well, with normalized root mean square errors of 19.5% for calibration and 27.9% for validation. Simulation results of potential yield and economic management over the long term (1986–2015) for five switchgrass production sites in eastern Canada indicated that average DM yields in Quebec City and Fredericton (9.6 and 9.7 t ha−1, respectively) were significantly lower than average DM yields in Saint-Hubert, Ottawa, and London (10.8, 10.4, and 11.0 t ha−1, respectively). Average annual production costs per tonne of DM for the spring harvest were higher at low-yield sites (CAD$66.67 and $64.50 for Fredericton and Quebec City, respectively) than at high-yield sites ($60.10, $62.82, and $60.08 for Saint-Hubert, Ottawa, and London, respectively). The IFSM-estimated production costs were within the range of the calculated values reported in other agro-economic analyses conducted in Ontario and Quebec.

scholarly journals A recalibrated and tested LINTUL-Cassava simulation model provides insight into the high yield potential of cassava under rainfed conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 126242
Author(s):  
J.G. Adiele ◽  
A.G.T. Schut ◽  
R.P.M. van den Beuken ◽  
K.S. Ezui ◽  
P. Pypers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
High Yield Potential

RELATIVE ADVANTAGE OF HIGH YIELD POTENTIAL AT LOW-YIELDING ENVIRONMENTS FOR COMMERCIAL MAIZE HYBRIDS CROPPED IN ARGENTINA

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-706
Author(s):  
MARIANA ANTONIETTA ◽  
JUAN J. GUIAMET
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Better Than ◽  
High Yield Potential

SUMMARYAn extended assumption in maize breeding is that potential yield (Ymax) predicts yield (Y) under stress conditions (here, Ymin), justifying genotypic selection under moderately high-yielding environments. Moreover, it has been postulated that Y tolerance to stress is relatively independent on the main stress factor involved in Y reduction (cross-tolerance). We carried out an analysis of four datasets from Argentine Federated Farmers network (2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13, 11 locations and >20 hybrids) and the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) (12 locations, 13 hybrids). No consistent relation was detected between Ymax and Ymin (r2 < 0.14) in each dataset. Y stability assessed by the coefficient of variation positively related to Ymin (r2 > 0.68 across datasets) but not to Ymax. Depending on the dataset, 40–70% of the hybrids had a varying Y performance (from worse to better) compared with the average of all hybrids, with no consistent advantage of hybrids with high Ymax within the environmental range explored in the dataset. In order to assess the existence of cross-tolerance, INTA environments were divided into two groups: water-limited environments and environments exposed to other(s) type(s) of stress. While a relation was found between average yields (r2 = 0.64) of each hybrid in both environments, there was no relation for Y stability (r2 = 0.07). Taken together, our results suggest that: (i) a high Ymax is not a good indicator of high Y tolerance under stressful conditions; (ii) Y tolerance is related to high Y stability, which may or may not involve a Y penalty under high-yielding environments; (iii) around 50% of the genotypes have Y performance that is not consistently worse or better than the average throughout the range of environments explored and (iv) cross-tolerance to stress is a peculiar trait of some hybrids, but most of the hybrids analysed here do not show cross-tolerance.

Crop production in the high rainfall zones of southern Australia — potential, constraints and opportunities

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
N. C. Turner ◽  
M. L. Poole ◽  
N. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Genetic Constraints ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Large Yield

Annual cropping has been expanding in the high rainfall zone of southern Australia. The higher rainfall and longer growing season compared with the traditional wheatbelt contribute to a much higher yield potential for major crops. Potential yields range from 5 to 8 t/ha for wheat and 3 to 5 t/ha for canola, although current crop yields are only about 50% of those potentials. The large yield gap between current and potential yields suggests that there is an opportunity to lift current yields. Both genetic constraints and subsoil constraints such as waterlogging, soil acidity, sodicity, and high soil strength contribute to the low yields. Waterlogging is a widespread hidden constraint to crop production in the region. Controlling waterlogging using a combination of raised beds and surface or subsurface drains is the first step to raise the productivity of the land. Increasing root growth into the subsoil remains a key to accessing more water and nutrients for high yield through early planting, deep ripping, liming and use of primer crops to ameliorate the subsoil. In order to realise the high yield potential, it is essential to achieve higher optimum dry matter at anthesis and high ear number through agronomic management, including early sowing with appropriate cultivars, a high seeding rate and application of adequate nitrogen along with other nutrients. Current cultivars of spring wheat may not fully utilise the available growing season and may have genetic limitations in sink capacity that constrain potential yield. Breeding or identification of long-season milling wheat cultivars that can fully utilise the longer growing season and with the ability to tolerate waterlogging and subsoil acidity, and with disease resistance, will give additional benefits. It is concluded that improving crop production in the high rainfall zone of southern Australia will require attention to overcoming soil constraints, particularly waterlogging, and the development of longer-season cultivars.

Phenotypic diversity and relationships among a worldwide durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) germplasm collection under rainfed conditions of Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Ahmed Amri
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
The Mean

Information on the variation available for different plant attributes has enabled germplasm collections to be effectively utilised in crop improvement. This study evaluated 380 durum wheat landraces, representing a worldwide durum wheat collection from 16 geographical origins, for several phenological and agronomic traits under rainfed conditions of Iran during three consecutive cropping seasons (2008–11). The experimental design was an unreplicated trial for all landraces, augmented by four repeated check cultivars. Best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) representing adjusted genotypic means were generated for individual trials using a mixed model. Multivariate analyses were used to measure the phenotypic diversity within the germplasm collection and relationships among landraces from different geographical regions. Combined analysis of variance indicated significant differences between years, landraces, and their interaction effects, indicating high variability among the germplasm across the years for each studied trait. Low heritability coupled with low genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was observed for days to heading (DTH) and days to maturity (DTM), whereas moderate heritability with moderate genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was exhibited for grain yield (YLD) followed by 1000-kernel weight (TKW) and plant height (PHT). According to Shannon’s phenotypic diversity index, collections from Iran (which represented a high percentage of germplasm tested) exhibited lower diversity in quantitative traits, especially for phenological traits, i.e. DTH and DTM, relative to landraces from other origins. Biplot analyses indicated several significant patterns among landraces from different geographical regions. The landraces with American and Australian origins were closely associated with each other and can be characterised by low yield productivity, high PHT, and high infestation by wheat stem sawfly (WSS). In contrast, the germplasm from Asian origins showed high yield potential and high TKW with good tolerance to WSS. The results indicated that the Iranian landraces with the lowest yield tend to be late in flowering and maturity. In conclusion, landraces with a wide genetic diversity were identified and can be used to achieve breakthrough in the durum wheat genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yield Potential and Dry Matter Content of Promising Clones of Orange Fleshed Sweetpotato Rich in Betacarotene

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Febria Cahya Indriani ◽  
Joko Restuono ◽  
Wiwit Rahajeng ◽  
Yuliantoro Baliadi ◽  
Made Jana Mejaya
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Beta 2

Public awareness of foods that have physiological functions for health is increasing. Consumption of orange fleshed sweetpotato not only meets carbohydrate requirements but also beta-carotene which is good for eye health. The aim of this reserach was to evaluate the yield potential and levels of dry matter content of promising clones of orange fleshed sweetpotato rich in beta-carotene. The study was conducted in Malang, East Java in Dry Season II 2016. Genetic materials used were 20 sweetpotato clones, including Beta-1 and Beta-2 varieties as a check. The treatment design used a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the clones tested had a potential yield ranging from 20.9 - 35.1 t/ha with an average of 25.2 t/ha. There were three clones  had a higher yield potential than the check varieties Beta-1 and Beta-2. Dry matter content ranged from 17.0 - 31.6% with an average of 25.7%. Fifteen clones had higher levels of dry matter content than check varieties Beta-1 and Beta-2. MSU 14018-06, MSU 14001-20 and MSU 14027-02 clones had high yield potential and dry matter content. All three clones have the opportunity to be released as new superior varieties of orange fleshed sweet potato rich in beta-carotene.

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