AN ANALYSIS OF GROWTH AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN RUBBER DURING THE IMMATURE PHASE IN A DRY SUBHUMID CLIMATE

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. CHANDRASHEKAR ◽  
M. A. NAZEER ◽  
J. G. MARATTUKALAM ◽  
G. P. PRAKASH ◽  
K. ANNAMALAINATHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Western India ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Relative Increment ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Increment Growth

An experiment with the objective of evaluating the performance of 15 clones of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) was conducted in the Konkan region of Western India. The clones under evaluation were RRII 5, RRII 6, RRII 105, RRII 208, RRII 308, RRIC 52, RRIC 100, RRIC 102, RRIC 105, RRIM 605, PB 260, PB 310, PB 311, PR 255, and PR 261. The region is a trial environment for the crop and experiences more than seven rainless months and severe drought in the summer months. Data on monthly girth growth w ere collected for six years from a trial with randomized block design. The growth of clones in terms of monthly girth increment growth (GIN, cm month−1) seasonal mean girth increments (MGIN, cm season−1) and mean relative increment rates (MRIR, mm cm−1 season−1) as well as annual MGIN (cm a−1) and MRIR (mm cm−1 a−1) was studied. Correlation analysis was performed to understand the effect of seasonal growth on the final growth. At the beginning of the study, the largest girth noted was for the clone RRII 6 (22. 5 cm) followed by RRII 208 (22.0 cm). PR 261 with a girth of only 14.2 cm was the least vigorous among the clones. A large portion of the growth occurred in the wet season only. During the dry season the growth rates of the clones declined substantially and decreases in girth ranging from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm were noticed in most of the clones. At the end of the study period the largest girth observed was for clone RRII 208 (49.3 cm) and the lowest for PR 261 (39.3 cm). The highest proportion of tappable trees noted was for clone RRII 208 (52.4%) and the lowest for PR 261 (2.7%). The pooled average of tappable trees was on ly 17.5%. The data revealed that the immaturity period for Hevea in the region will not be less than 9 years under rainfed conditions. From the analysis based on the final girth it was concluded that clones RRII 208, RRIC 52, RRII 6, RRIC 100 and RRIC 102 are more tolerant to drought while RRII 105, RRIC 105, RRII 5, RRIM 605, PB 310, PB 260, PB 311, PR 255, RRII 308 and PR 261 are less tolerant. The results of correlation indicated that by analysing the growth, potentially drought-toleran t clones can be identified.

scholarly journals RESPONS VARIETAS DAN MUSIM TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, HASIL DAN KUALITAS JAMUR TIRAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Deden Fatchullah ◽  
Ramdani Abdul Rahman ◽  
Endeh Masnenah
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Set Up

Oyster mushroom was a prospective vegetable commodity and has high economical value. The aim of this research was to find out oyster mushroom varieties that could be adapted in Bogor – West Java, and produced high yield and quality when cultivated both in the dry and rainy seasons. A Randomized Block Design with 4 replications were set up in mushroom houses during the dry and the rainy seasons. Treatments comprised of 6 varieties of oyster mushrooms, viz: varieties No. 1; 30; 37; 38; 46 (origin from IVEGRI’s collection) and No. 85 (origin from Bogor as control variety). The result showed that varieties and planting seasons has significantly effect on growth of oyster mushroom. However varieties has no significantly effect on yield of mushroom which was in average 55-91 ton/1000 m2 of mushrooms house area. Fresh yield of mushroom planted in dry season (91.3 ton) was significantly higher than those in wet season (61.7 ton). Varieties has significantly effect of mushroom quality, meanwhile seasons gave a same good quality with delicious/ ranking <3, storage resistance up to 2 days at room temperature and water content >90 %. Keywords: Planting season, Pleurotus ostreatus, growth, yield, quality

Integrated weed management in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions of Karnataka, India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandit S. Rathod ◽  
D. H. Patil ◽  
B. M. Doamani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

A field investigation was carried out during winter seasons of 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Station, Gulbarga (Karnataka) to evaluate the effect of pre and post emergence herbicides on weeds and productivity of chickpea cv. JG-11. Ten treatments were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Among the herbicidal treatments, pendimethalin 38% CS 0.75 kg a.i ha-1PE + hand weeding (HW) at 30-35 days after sowing (DAS) and pendimethalin 30% EC 0.75 kg a.i ha-1+ imazethapyr 2% 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 PE + one hoeing at 30-35 DAS recorded significantly higher seed yield (1198 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 25107 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.10) and lower weed dry weight (11.3 g m-2) and higher weed control efficiency (83%) than all other herbicidal treatments except two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS. It may be inferred from the present investigation that these herbicidal treatments could be used effectively as an alternative for controlling weeds and obtaining optimum seed yield of chickpea under rainfed conditions of Karnataka.

In situ degradability of dry matter and neutral-detergent fibre of thorn scrubland forage consumed by goats in the semi-arid region of north Mexico

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. S. Juárez ◽  
E. R. Montoya ◽  
C. G. Nevarez ◽  
S. M. A. Cerrillo ◽  
F. L. Mould
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractThree goats provided with oesophageal and ruminal cannulae were used to determine variations in dry matter (DM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) degradability of the forage consumed when grazing thorn scrubland in the semi-arid region of north Mexico, during two consecutive dry and wet periods. Ingesta samples were incubated intraruminally, the data were fitted to the exponential equation P = a + b (l - e-ct) and statistically analysed using a randomized-block design. Organic matter and crude protein (CP) contents were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet seasons. Values of NDF were similar in dry and wet season of both years whereas higher numerical values of acid-detergent fibre (ADF), lignin and cellulose were registered in the dry seasons. DM and NDF degradabilities after 24 and 48 h of ruminal incubation were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet seasons. Higher values (P < 0.05) in DM and NDF bag losses at zero time (A fraction) were registered in the two wet seasons. The insoluble but fermentable DM and NDF (B fractions) were higher (P < 0.05) in the 1999 wet season and variable in the rest of the studied period. Numerically higher values of DM and NDF c fraction were found in wet periods, whereas DM and NDF potential degradabilities were higher (P < 0.05) in the wet season in 1999 and similar across seasons in 2000. Lowest (P < 0.05) contents of CP in grazed forage, DM and NDF degradabilities after 48 h of ruminal incubation, and A, and B, and c fractions were observed in the dry seasons. Thus, these results may be related to both the lower feeding value of forage consumed by the animals and lower performance of livestock during this period. Then, the DM and NDF degradability after 48 h, together with the insoluble but fermentable matter and the c fraction permit the nutritive value of the forage consumed by grazing goats to be accurately described.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of new hybrid rice in irrigated and rain-fed lowlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Afa ◽  
Bambang S. Purwoko ◽  
A. Junaedi ◽  
Oteng Haridjaja ◽  
Iswari S. Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Two experiments were conducted at (i) irrigated lowland, village of Bojong, Cikembar, Sukabumi Sub-district, Indonesia, from November 2011 to February 2012, and (ii) rain-fed lowland, village of Sanca, Gantar sub-district, Indramayu, Indonesia, from April to July 2012. The objective of the experiment was to determine the yield of drought-tolerant hybrid rice genotypes. A randomized block design with three replications was used. The treatment consisted of 8 hybrid rice genotypes (BI485A/BP3, BI485A/BP5, BI485A/BP10, BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15, BI599A/BP5, BI599A/BP15 and BI665A/BP6) and 2 check varieties (Hipa 7 and Ciherang) for the experiment in irrigated lowland, 4 hybrid genotypes (BI485A/BP3, BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15 and BI599A/BP15) and 3 check varieties (Hipa 7, IR64 and Limboto) for the experiment in rain-fed lowland. On irrigated lowland, all tested-genotypes produced grain yield per hectare, which was not significantly different from the check varieties Ciherang and HIPA 7. The yield of genotype BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15 and BI559A/BP15 under irrigated lowland showed non-significant different with check varieties Ciherang and Hipa 7, i.e 5.63, 6.87, and 6.30 tons ha-1, respectively. Genotype BI599A/BP15 under severe drought rain-fed lowland yielded 0.90 tons of grain ha-1, whereas Hipa 7 (hybrid variety, suitable for rain-fed lowland) and Limboto (drought-tolerant check variety) reached 0.34 and 0.29 tons ha-1, respectively. Genotype BI599A/BP15 is a new hybrid genotype that potential for advanced development in rain-fed lowland and in irrigated lowland with a high yield potential and quiet early-maturity age.

scholarly journals Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on rice crop

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi Mitnala
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Rdf Data ◽  
College Farm

An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2011-2012 and 2012-2013) on fine texture soils of Agricultural college farm, Bapatla. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design in wet season with four treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of M1 (recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) - Control), M2 (10t farmyard yard manure (FYM) ha-1 + RDF), M3 (1.5t vermicompost ha-1 + RDF), M4 (Green manuring + RDF). Data collected on biometric observations (plant height, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation) and yield. The yield of crop was significantly increased with the application of 100%NPK in combination with FYM @10t ha-1. However, it was at par with green manuring along with the application of 100% RDF (NPK).Thus, green manure in situ with Dhaincha may be used as an alternative organic source of nutrients to the FYM.

Efficiency of fertilization with coated urea in the cultivation of cactus pear under rainfed conditions in Brazilian savannah

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
R. M. F. Magalhães ◽  
R. L. Edvan ◽  
R. F. Ratke ◽  
M. E. de. Oliveira ◽  
C. B. de. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract Cactus pear is an important species for animal feeding in the regions of dry climate. There is no information on the fertilization with coated urea in the cultivation of cactus pear under rainfed conditions in the savannah region. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the forage potential of Nopalea cochenillifera variety Doce in yellow latosol under rainfed conditions in the Brazilian savannah, comparing the fertilization with urea and coated urea in different levels. A randomized block design was adopted, in a 2 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with the factors corresponding to two sources of nitrogen (urea and urea coated with polymers, N+), four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 240 kg/ha/year) and two harvests (year I and year II). The plants were evaluated after 1 year of growth, in each year of evaluation, regarding the characteristics of growth, production, chemical and mineral composition and nutritional value. The level of 240 kg/ha provided higher emission of cladodes per plant (17.33 and 18.17), respectively, for N+ and urea. The highest nitrogen use efficiency was found in the level of 60 kg N/ha (142 kg/ha/year). NFC values were 3.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) higher when the cactus pear was fertilized with urea in year I and 5.4 g/kg DM in year II. The use of conventional urea promoted better results of agronomic and nutritional characteristics of the cactus pear, under rainfed regime, when compared to the use of urea coated with polymers.

scholarly journals Correlation of stress indices with yield parameters in wild chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) accessions under irrigated and rainfed conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
NORAH JOHAL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Wild Accessions

Six wild chickpea accessions were procured during Rabi seasons 2015-16 and 2016-17 seasons at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to record morpho-physiological parameters and yield components at pod initiation stage. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with two treatments irrigated and rainfed each with three replicates. Results indicated a significant decrease in the specific leaf weight (SLW), photosynthetic rate (PR) and relative water content (RWC) under rainfed conditions in wild chickpea accessions. Wild accessions C judaicum 17148 (29.5%) and C pinnatifidum212 (31.0%)displayed their resistance towards water scarcity by maintaining high relative water content that depicted negative correlation with membrane damage (r=-0.98).The membrane damage showed an inversely proportional relationship (r=-0.69) with seed weight, a yield component under rainfed conditions evidencing the requirement of water at pod filling stage.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and association of yield attributing traits with grain yield in upland rice

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitiprasad Jambhulkar ◽  
Lotan Bose
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Effect On Yield

A study was undertaken to find out the genetic variability and correlation between yield and other yield attributing characters of rice genotypes in upland ecology. The experiment was conducted with twenty two upland genotypes grown during Wet season under direct seeded condition in a randomized block design. Analysis of variance shows significance in all the traits indicating the presence of considerable amount of genetic variation among the genotypes. The traits like plant height, ear bearing tiller and yield has high genotypic coefficient of variance, phenotypic coefficient of variance and genetic advance. Plant height, ear bearing tiller, panicle length, panicle weight and length were positively and significantly correlated with yield. Plant height and grain per panicle, 50% flowering, thousand grain weight and ear bearing tiller has high direct effect on yield. Therefore, selection based on plant height, 50% flowering, thousand grain weight and ear bearing tiller could be more effective in upland rice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Various Pest Management Modules Against Rice Yellow Stemborer, Scirphopaga incertulas (Walker) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sudha Rani ◽  
Ch. Chiranjeevi ◽  
T. Madhumathi ◽  
S. Krishnam Raju ◽  
Sk. Nafeez Umar
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Field Efficacy

Background: Globally, rice yellow stem borer alone causes yield losses of 10 m t accounting for 50 per cent of all insecticides usage in the rice field farmers depend upon a plenty of insecticide applications, even though a lot of insecticide applications are not effectual (Sarwar et al., 2005). The over- reliance on use of chemicals to manage this pest had lead to numerous undesirable consequences like disrupting natural enemy complexes, secondary pest outbreaks, pest resurgence, development of insecticide resistance and environmental pollution. Keeping in view the deleterious effects of chemical pesticides, there is a need to evaluate alternate methods or integrated methods to manage the rice stem borer effectively without any menace to the ecological niche. Hence, a research trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various pest management modules against rice stem borer in comparison to farmers practice and sole chemical control, besides in concern to yield and cost economics. Methods: The field efficacy of various pest management modules viz., non-chemical based, non-chemical + biorational methods, chemical-based, IPM module and farmers practice against rice yellow stem borer were evaluated during the wet season and dry seasons of 2016 and 2017. The experimental was laid in a net area of 10 m x 20 m each plot laid in Randomized Block Design which comprised of five treatments (modules) with four replications. The incidence of rice yellow stem borer (YSB) in various modules in terms of percent dead hearts (% DH) during tillering stage and percent white ears (%WE) during maturing stage were recorded. Result: It was evident from the pooled mean data that among various modules, the least per cent dead hearts (2.68 and 2.56% DH ) and white ears (2.79 and 2.31% WE) were registered in IPM based module followed by farmers practice (2.31 and 2.32% dead hearts and 3.92 and 4.77% white ears) and chemical-l based module (2.90 and 4.24% dead hearts and 5.59 and 5.18% white ears) as against highest incidence in non- chemical (13.78 and 13.7% dead hearts; 18.24 and 17.94% white ears) and non- chemical + bio rational (11.40 and 9.88% dead hearts; 13.09 and 11.25% white ears ) based modules during the wet season and dry season, respectively.

scholarly journals Comportamiento agronómico y productivo de nuevas variedades de Cenchrus purpureus tolerantes a la sequía

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
José Leonardo Ledea Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Valentín Ray Ramírez ◽  
Ramón Crucito Arias Pérez ◽  
José Marcelino Cruz Tejeda ◽  
Guiselle Rosell Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Season Interaction

The productivity of pastures and forage is increasingly limited due to climate variability and prolonged drought periods. For that reason, it is necessary to cultivate plants that are tolerant and productive under conditions of seasonal drought. The objective of this work was to characterize the agronomic and productive performance of new drought tolerantCenchrus purpureus cultivars. Three cultivars (CT-601, CT-603, and CT-605) were used at different regrowth ages (60, 80, 100, and 120 days) in two climatic periods: rainfall and low rainfall from 2013 to 2014 in a representative ecosystem of Cauto Valley, Cuba. The cultivars were grown on Vertisol and were fertilized with organic fertilizer at a rate of 25 t/ha. Some agronomic variables and dry matter (DM) yield (t/ha) were evaluated under rainfed conditions. A randomized block design with factorial arrangement and its interaction (3x4x2) was used. DM yield was affected by the second order interaction, during the period of rainfall, CT-605 at the age of 120 days reached the best average (p≤0.001) and during the period of low rainfall, CT-603 and CT-605 were highlighted (p≤0.001). Weather-season interaction on cultivars had a significantly positive impact (p≤0.001) on the length of leaves of CT-601 in the period of rainfall. CT-605 increased (p≤0.001) the percentage of leaves and green stems in the period of rainfall, superscripts were equalized in the dry season. Cultivars showed an acceptable DM yield during the low rainfall period, morphological changes neither affected the development nor the productivity.

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