scholarly journals War Imprisonment and British Prison Reform

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Rachel Weil
Keyword(s):  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
John Howard

In 1756, the young John Howard set out for Portugal. His ship was taken by a privateer, and Howard became a prisoner of war in France. Twenty years later, he launched the movement for prison reform in Britain. Renaud Morieux challenges historians to more fully connect war imprisonment and the debates it engendered about prisoners’ rights to the emergence of prison reform in the 1770s and 1780s (p. 92). In this article, I take up that challenge. I suggest, however, that the connections are complex and twisted. Concerns about prisoners of war may have inspired prison reform, but they also made the project more confusing.

The Anatomy of the War Prison

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-237
Author(s):  
Renaud Morieux
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Legal Construction

Chapter 4 turns to prison buildings. These spaces of detention were, until the last quarter of the eighteenth century in Britain, and for the whole period in France, not purpose-built for prisoners of war. This absence of specialization tells us something important about the distance between the legal construction of the category of the prisoner of war and actual practices of internment. The chapter shows that war prisons must be understood in the same conceptual framework as prison ‘reform’ in the eighteenth century. Paying attention to the materiality of the prisons also entails looking at the multiple ways in which prisoners reconfigured these spaces, adapting or even destroying them.

The Prisoner of War

1913 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-545
Author(s):  
Geo. B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Hague

There is probably no branch of the laws of war which stands in greater need of explanatory comment than do the chapters relating to prisoners of war. The generation preceding the great peace conferences at The Hague was marked by a number of important wars of which continental Europe was the theater; during these conflicts the number of persons reduced to captivity surpassed all experience, as did the number of problems which arose in connection with their safe-keeping and repatriation; but during the entire period the regulations governing their administration and detention remained substantially unchanged. It is true that several European states caused their regulations in that regard to be revised, but as those regulations were strictly internal in character and had no external operation, save in the territory of the enemy which they held in military occupation, the condition of prisoners of war remained substantially unchanged. Indeed, until the condition of this unfortunate class was made the subject of conventional regulation at The Hague, but few important ameliorations had been brought about in their status since the activity of the Emperor Napoleon was brought to a close at the battle of Waterloo.

NUTRITIONAL DISEASE AFFECTING CANADIAN TROOPS HELD PRISONER OF WAR BY THE JAPANESE

1947 ◽  
Vol 25e (2) ◽  
pp. 53-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Crawford ◽  
J. A. G. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Minimal Treatment ◽  
Nutritional Disturbances ◽  
Dietary Deficiency

The authors present observations on nutritional disturbances that they made on Canadian troops over a period of 44 months, during which time they were prisoners of war in the hands of the Japanese. The presentation is made against a background of dietary intake, energy output, and intercurrent infection. The chronological sequence of the development of signs and symptoms is shown. The impression of the authors as to the specific deficiency involved in each of these is indicated, where such an impression exists. The effect of dietary deficiency upon the various systems is shown, and a composite picture of the deficiency syndrome is presented, with remarks upon various aspects of it. The response to minimal treatment is described.

Resort to Phantasy in Individuals and Societies

1944 ◽  
Vol 90 (380) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Peberdy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Work ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Psychological Difficulties

The careful contribution on “Prisoner-of-War Mentality” by Major P. H. Newman (Brit. Med. J., vol. i, p. 8, 1944) has provoked this record of related psychological reactions. The men and women to be described, though not prisoners-of-war, were nevertheless imprisoned by psychological difficulties no less harassing than those material restraints, which, as Newman points out, operate mainly by frustrating or reducing to futility the accustomed interests, satisfactions and tasks of human beings. In the problems of prisoners-of-war a large part is played by retreat into phantasy. It is suggested below that, in human affairs and in clinical work, the scope of this particular reaction to frustration is very much wider than is commonly realized. The range is probably from what is colloquially called “uplift,” to mental states not very unlike psychoses (which have in fact been referred to as “pseudo-psychoses”), and, indeed, possibly to the psychoses themselves.

Middle East – Biafra – Malawi – Vietnam – Laos – Latin America – Arab Republic of the Yemen

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (105) ◽  
pp. 665-670
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
United Arab Republic

United Arab Republic.—Towards the end of October two visits to Israeli prisoners of war were carried out in the United Arab Republic.The ICRC delegate in Cairo, Mr. Marcel Boisard, on 26 October, visited a wounded prisoner of war who was captured by the Egyptian armed forces in September 1969.

Name, rank, date of birth, serial number and the right to remain silent

2005 ◽  
Vol 87 (860) ◽  
pp. 721-735
Author(s):  
Robin Geiß
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trial ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Serial Number ◽  
The Right ◽  
Identification Techniques

AbstractThis article analyses recurring misconceptions about the questioning of prisoners of war. The author takes a two fold approach, first considering matters relating to the identification of prisoners of war, namely contemporary issues such as the use of modern identification techniques, and then discussing interrogation procedures that go beyond the establishment of a prisoner's identity. In this context particular attention is given to the question whether and, if so, at which point in time a prisoner of war starts to benefit from fair trial rights, namely the right to remain silent, the right not to incriminate oneself and the corresponding right to be informed about these fair trial protections.

scholarly journals Everyday Life of German Prisoners of War in the Russian Empire during World War I (on the basis of personal documents)

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
С.Р. Повалишникова ◽  
О.В. Захарова
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
World War ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Research

Основной массив современных отечественных исследований направлен на изучение положения русских военнопленных в годы Первой мировой войны. В настоящей статье сделана попытка проанализировать бытовые условия содержания военнопленных, находившихся на территории Российской империи. Эти условия во многом зависели от звания и национальности пленных. В статье делается акцент на источники личного происхождения. Особое внимание уделяется воспоминаниям немецкого генерала Э. Людендорфа, немецкого журналиста А. Курта и находившегося в Восточной Сибири немецкого военнопленного Э. Двингера. The vast majority of modern Russian research is aimed at the investigation of the position of Russian prisoners of war during World War I. The present article attempts to analyze the conditions of everyday life of German prisoners of war who lived in the Russian Empire during World War I. The conditions largely depended on the rank and nationality of prisoners of war. The article analyzes personal documents. It focuses on memoirs written by E. Ludensdorff (German general), A. Kurt (German journalist), who lived in Eastern Siberia, and E. Dwinger (German prisoner of war).

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY NO. 348 OF THE CAMPS OF JAPANESE PRISONERS OF WAR OF THE NKVD-MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE USSR AND ASHCHYSAY POLYMETALLIC PLANT

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.B. Myrzatayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
Light And Shadow

The history of the development of the natural resources of Aschysai, which the Moscow center paid special attention to, was considered one-sided in Soviet historiography. Its light and shadow sides still need to be fully explored. The means of historical and anthropological research in modern historical science allow a comprehensive and objective study of this problem. The article describes the working days of the Japanese in the prisoner of war camp No. 348 of the NKVD - (MVD) of the USSR, created in Aschysai in 1945. Japanese prisoners of war performed the hardest work on the mines of the Aschysai polymetallic combine, agriculture in Turkestan, as well as cultural construction of the region (construction of buildings, industrial enterprises, construction of workers ' settlements). Some of the buildings from which they were built, still serve the people. The article also analyzes the memoirs of children of Polish citizens who were deported in revealing the content of this problem. The study used documents from the archives of the Department of internal Affairs of Kazakhstan in Shymkent, rgae, TSGA RK, Fund the ASMC and the materials of field expeditions (interviews with local residents) in rural communities Ashchysay, Kentau, Bayuldur, etc. the History of camp No. 348 and everyday life of the Japanese prisoners has not previously been the subject of special studies. Accordingly, documentary materials are introduced into scientific circulation here for the first time.

From Slaves to Prisoners of War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
Novel Concept

The Ottoman–Russian wars of the eighteenth century reshaped the map of Eurasia and the Middle East, but they also birthed a novel concept—the prisoner of war. For centuries, hundreds of thousands of captives, civilians and soldiers alike, crossed the legal and social boundaries of these empires, destined for either ransom or enslavement. But in the eighteenth century, the Ottoman state and its Russian rival, through conflict and diplomacy, worked out a new system of regional international law. Ransom was abolished; soldiers became prisoners of war; and some slaves gained new paths to release, while others were left entirely unprotected. These rules delineated sovereignty, redefined individuals’ relationships to states, and prioritized political identity over economic value. In the process, the Ottomans marked out a parallel, non-Western path toward elements of modern international law. Yet this was not a story of European imposition, or imitation—the Ottomans acted for their own reasons, maintaining their commitment to Islamic law. For a time even European empires played by these rules, until they were subsumed into the codified global law of war in the late nineteenth century. This story offers new perspectives on the histories of the Ottoman and Russian Empires, of slavery, and of international law.

Reflections from the Social Sciences on the Possible Causes of Abusing Muslim Prisoners of War

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Army Reserve ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
Possible Cause

The entire civilized world has been shocked by the many abusesperpetrated against Muslim prisoners of war by members of theAllied Forces, chiefly the United Kingdom and the United States.Here, the author, a former commander of Enemy Prisoner of War(EPW) units in the U.S. Army Reserve and author of several militaryarticles on the importance of treating prisoners properly,reflects upon the sociological and psychological causes of suchunjust, unlawful, and tragic abuse. One possible cause is the adoptionof a pragmatic social exchange theory approach, rather than amoral approach, to the humane treatment of enemy prisoners: Ifthe enemy does not hold many prisoners, there is less reason,under a pragmatic approach, to reject abuse (“They cannot getback at us by abusing our people they have captured because theyhave almost none.”) ...

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