International Institutions and the Environmental Crisis: A Look Ahead

1972 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Kay ◽  
Eugene B. Skolnikoff
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
International Issue ◽  
Surrounding Areas

In the industrialized northern hemisphere we are assaulted daily with evidence of the deteriorating quality of the human environment: Rivers are closed to fishing because of dangerous levels of contamination; the safety of important foods is challenged; the foul air that major urban areas have been forced to endure is now spreading like an inkblot into surrounding areas. Lack of early concern about the implications for the environment of the widespread application of modern technology has allowed the problem to grow rapidly into a critical domestic and international issue.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI KENYAMANAN TERMAL BANGUNAN (STUDI KASUS: RUANG KULIAH KAMPUS IPB BARANANGSIANG DAN DARMAGA BOGOR)IDENTIFICATION OF BUILDING THERMAL COMFORT (Case Study: Classrooms in IPB Banangsiang and Darmaga Campuses)

Agromet ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rendy Kurnia ◽  
Sobri Effendy ◽  
Laras Tursilowati
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The City

Housing development, well-planned or not well-planned, has changed urban view and its thermal environment. Many researchers have claimed that the worse quality of urban thermal environment is proportional to physical development of the city. Physical development in urban areas has caused various environmental problems, one of them is the change in quality of thermal environment by which the city becomes hotter than the surrounding areas. The purpose of this research was to identify thermal comfort either in classrooms at Darmaga or Baranangsiang campuses of Bogor Agricultural University. PMV (Predicted Mean Vote), using the boundary Effective Temperature (TE), THI (Temperature Humidity Index), and the last method is respondent test. PMVs (Predicted Mean Votes) in the classrooms at Baranangsiang campuses are thermally neutral to slightly warm, while that in classrooms in Darmaga campus are warmer. Effective Temperature which is resulted in the both of lecture halls are comfortable warm conditions. In addition, for respondents test, the thermal impression in IPB campus of Baranangsiang prefers to choose the slightly warm conditions, but for a lecture hall in campus of IPB Darmaga is more dominated by warm and slightly warm conditions. The questionnaire has been appropiated to the range of PMV index. So, the lecture halls that have been studied in both of campus can be concluded as slightly warm condition, because the thermal impressions felt by the respondents are also in the range of neutral to slightly . The value of THI for both of campus environment is in the range of moderate or neutral.Housing development, well-planned or not well-planned, has changed urban view and its thermal environment. Many researchers have claimed that the worse quality of urban thermal environment is proportional to physical development of the city. Physical development in urban areas has caused various environmental problems, one of them is the change in quality of thermal environment by which the city becomes hotter than the surrounding areas. The purpose of this research was to identify thermal comfort either in classrooms at Darmaga or Baranangsiang campuses of Bogor Agricultural University. PMV (Predicted Mean Vote), using the boundary Effective Temperature (TE), THI (Temperature Humidity Index), and the last method is respondent test. PMVs (Predicted Mean Votes) in the classrooms at Baranangsiang campuses are thermally neutral to slightly warm, while that in classrooms in Darmaga campus are warmer. Effective Temperature which is resulted in the both of lecture halls are comfortable warm conditions. In addition, for respondents test, the thermal impression in IPB campus of Baranangsiang prefers to choose the slightly warm conditions, but for a lecture hall in campus of IPB Darmaga is more dominated by warm and slightly warm conditions. The questionnaire has been appropiated to the range of PMV index. So, the lecture halls that have been studied in both of campus can be concluded as slightly warm condition, because the thermal impressions felt by the respondents are also in the range of neutral to slightly . The value of THI for both of campus environment is in the range of moderate or neutral.

scholarly journals Partecipazione e approccio ai nuovi paesaggi: percezione del verde pensile come opportunità di rigenerazione dell’ecosistema urbano

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Melli
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
The People ◽  
Action Strategies ◽  
The One ◽  
Roof Garden

Landscape is the result of the reciprocal transformative relationship between humans and the places where they live. In recent decades, this relationship has been weakening, especially in urban areas, where the quality of life is decreasing due to the accelerating decay and the environmental crisis. Within this context, action strategies that create new landscapes planted in a city run the risk of being rejected by the inhabitants. An iconic case is the one of the roof garden, whose reputation, distorted by greenwashing operations, is far from achieving its full potential. Therefore, it is important to implement a systemic strategy whereby the green roof redefines the urban landscape together with the people living there.

scholarly journals NOISE POLLUTION IN URBAN AREAS. CASE STUDY – CLUJ-NAPOCA TOWN

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Mihăiescu ◽  
Antonia Odagiu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

Noise is a disturbance to the human environment that is escalating at such a high rate that it will become a major threat to the quality of human lives. In the past thirty years, noise in all areas, especially in urban areas, has been increasing rapidly. There are numerous effects on the human environment due to the increase in noise pollution. Slowly, insensibly, we seem to accept noise and the physiological and psychological deterioration that accompanies it as an inevitable part of our lives. Although we attempt to set standards for some of the most major sources of noise, we often are unable to monitor them. Community awareness of environmental noise has increased and there is a higher expectation for state and local government to reduce noise levels. The present study provides an evaluation of noise pollution in Cluj-Napoca. Equivalent noise levels (L eq) were measured in 10 points (each point measured during 30 min). Measured values were confronted with Romanian legislation allowed limits. The most noise-polluted points in Cluj Napoca were Mănăştur district – traffic circle and Aurel Vlaicu street (at the international airport limit), with measured L eq of 75.5 dB(A) and 75.91 dB(A).

scholarly journals Measurement of spatial order as an indicator of sustainable development of functional urban areas in regional capitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Szarek-Iwaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The preservation of spatial order is one of the key objectives of spatial planning. Due to the dynamic changes associated with rapid urbanization, special attention should be paid to cities and the surrounding areas. The aim of this study was to measure spatial order in social, economic and environmental dimensions in the Functional Urban Area of Olsztyn, the capital city of the Polish voivodeship of Warmia and Mazury, and to propose indicators for measuring spatial order. Socioeconomic development should be balanced with environmental protection to promote spatial order and improve the quality of life. Functional urban areas should be regularly monitored to ensure that planning measures contribute to the preservation of spatial order, and to minimize local problems and conflicts. The municipalities belonging to functional urban areas should be regarded not only as distinct territorial units, but also as members of a cohesive area whose development in every dimension of spatial order contributes to an improvement in the quality of life for local communities.

Spatial Autocorrelation in the Study of Neighbourhoods towards Smart Cities: Empirical Evidence from Kerman, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asra Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Autocorrelation Method ◽  
Selection Of

From earliest cities to the present, spatial division into residential zones and neighbourhoods is the universal feature of urban areas. This study explored issue of measuring neighbourhoods through spatial autocorrelation method based on Moran's I index in respect of achieving to best neighbourhoods' model for forming cities smarter. The research carried out by selection of 35 neighbourhoods only within central part of traditional city of Kerman in Iran. The results illustrate, 75% of neighbourhoods' area in the inner city of Kerman had clustered pattern, and it shows reduction in Moran's index is associated with disproportional distribution of density and increasing in Moran's I and Z-score have monotonic relation with more dense areas and clustered pattern. It may be more efficient for urban planner to focus on spatial autocorrelation to foster neighbourhood cohesion rather than emphasis on suburban area. It is recommended characteristics of historic neighbourhoods can be successfully linked to redevelopment plans toward making city smarter, and also people's quality of life can be related to the way that neighbourhoods' patterns are defined. 

Economic Production Inventory model with the associated costs of internet advertising to acquire customers residing worldwide

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3921-3926
Author(s):  
Ritha Prakash ◽  
Nivetha Martin
Keyword(s):  
Modern Technology ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Internet Advertising ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Technology Acquisition ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Production Inventory ◽  
Short Span

In recent times, we are witnessing the technological revolution which provides access to tremendous changes in all the fields including the industrial sectors. The notable benefit of the modern technology is quick accomplishment of complex tasks within a short span of time, which has motivated the manufacturers to imbibe novelty techniques in the production process to enhance the quality of the product so as to retain its market position amidst the competitors. As globalization has gained more concern, the manufacturers employ internet advertising strategy to elevate the product to international level and to propagate the attributes of the products to the customers residing worldwide. In this paper an EPQ inventory model is developed in which the associated costs of technology, acquisition of local and international customers via internet advertising costs are included, a numerical example is also presented to validate the model.

Quality indicator of the smart city transportation and logistics system

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2116-2135
Author(s):  
G.V. Savin
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Organization And Management

Subject. The article considers functioning and development of process flows of transportation and logistics system of a smart city. Objectives. The study identifies factors and dependencies of the quality of human life on the organization and management of stream processes. Methods. I perform a comparative analysis of previous studies, taking into account the uniquely designed results, and the econometric analysis. Results. The study builds multiple regression models that are associated with stream processes, highlights interdependent indicators of temporary traffic and pollution that affect the indicator of life quality. However, the identified congestion indicator enables to predict the time spent in traffic jams per year for all participants of stream processes. Conclusions. The introduction of modern intelligent transportation systems as a component of the transportation and logistics system of a smart city does not fully solve the problems of congestion in cities at the current rate of urbanization and motorization. A viable solution is to develop cooperative and autonomous intelligent transportation systems based on the logistics approach. This will ensure control over congestion, the reduction of which will contribute to improving the life quality of people in urban areas.

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN DUNE COMPLEXES MONITORING ON THE VISTULA SPIT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Danchenkov ◽  
Aleksandr Danchenkov
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Modern Technologies

Modern technologies, which provide fast and accurate acquisition of high-resolution spatial data, have found widespread application in the monitoring of coastal processes. This paper reports the results of four years’ monitoring of a huge deflation/blowout/wind-scour basin dynamics at the Vistula Spit (southeast coast of the Baltic Sea). Information about the volume and size dynamics together with deflation/accumulation schemes and 3D elevation maps is presented. Basing on the obtained results, forecast of the deflation basin dynamics for 2016 was proposed. This paper implements the Terrestrial Laserscanning (TLS) method to the coastal processes investigation and demonstrates its high potential in this field.

Web Services Architecture Model to Support Distributed Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan Ali Hamid ◽  
Rana Alauldeen Abdalrahman ◽  
Inam Abdullah Lafta ◽  
Israa Al Barazanchi
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Distributed System ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Service Description ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Evolving Model ◽  
The Web

Recently, web services have presented a new and evolving model for constructing the distributed system. The meteoric growth of the Web over the last few years proves the efficacy of using simple protocols over the Internet as the basis for a large number of web services and applications. Web service is a modern technology of web, which can be defined as software applications with a programmatic interface based on Internet protocol. Web services became common in the applications of the web by the help of Universal, Description, Discovery and Integration; Web Service Description Language and Simple Object Access Protocol. The architecture of web services refers to a collection of conceptual components in which common sets of standard can be defined among interoperating components. Nevertheless, the existing Web service's architecture is not impervious to some challenges, such as security problems, and the quality of services. Against this backdrop, the present study will provide an overview of these issues. Therefore, it aims to propose web services architecture model to support distributed system in terms of application and issues.

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