The progeny testing of dairy bulls—a comparison of tests on father and son

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Fat Content ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
Comparison Of Tests ◽  
Father And Son

1. A comparison has been made of the progenytest figures for father and son in the Friesian breed.2. There was a significant regression of contemporary comparison of son on contemporary comparison of father (0·22) and on r.b.v. of father (16·4 lb. per unit of r.b.v.), though both figures were about one-quarter lower than expected. The observed figures were consistent with a heritability of heifer yield of 0·19. The regression of contemporary comparison of son on the average production of the herds in which his half-sibs were milked was small and not significantly different from zero.3. For fat content, the regression of son's daughter average on father's daughter average was 0·32, in agreement with expectation.4. A less-detailed analysis for the Ayrshire breed on the above points gave essentially similar results.5. The possible extent of selection on the basis of progeny-test results was looked into. For yield, the selection was small, leading to a probable improvement of 1–2 gal. a year. For fat content, the probable increase was 0·01% a year.6. A method is described for evaluating the progeny test of a son in relation to his father's own progeny-test results, which can serve as a method of combining the progeny-test figures from different bulls.

The progeny testing of dairy bulls at different levels of production

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Mason ◽  
Alan Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
Different Levels

1. An analysis has been made of milk records from 13,000 cows bred by artificial insemination in Denmark.2. The herds were divided into three equal groups on the basis of their average production. The variance of yield within herds increased as the average yield increased, but the coefficient of variation declined slightly. The genetic variance was more than five times as large in the high-yielding herds than in the low, and correspondingly the heritabilities in low, medium and high herds were 0·05, 0·15 and 0·22 respectively. These were estimated from the variation observed between progeny groups of the same 152 bulls at each production level.3. No evidence was obtained of any sire-herd interaction for yield, either within or between management levels. The true ranking of bulls for breeding value was apparently the same at all levels.4. The heritability of fat content in the three groups was 0·27, 0·47 and 0·49 respectively, and no evidence of sire-herd interaction was found.5. The contemporary comparison method of assessing A.I. bulls for yield was found to have the accuracy expected in theory.6. These results are discussed in relation to those of other workers with which there are some discrepancies. On our results, a policy of choosing bulls on the basis of their daughters' performance in high-yielding herds should be the most satisfactory way of progeny-testing bulls used in artificial insemination.

Relative efficiency of individual selection and reference sire progeny test schemes for beef production

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Morris ◽  
LP Jones ◽  
IR Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Test Selection ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Natural Service

Individual selection on the basis of adjusted yearling weight records (policy 1) was compared with selection of proven sires based on progeny test results ('progeny test selection'). The major assumptions in the comparisons were that herd sizes were 100 recorded cows, and that each herd used four joining groups. It was assumed that 25 herds cooperated in using two reference sires in artificial breeding to link progeny test data from young bulls in natural service, thereby increasing selection intensity without the loss in accuracy normally suffered in a single multi-sired herd. In the progeny test comparisons, preselection of young bulls for progeny testing (policy 2) was also compared with random selection among young bulls for progeny testing (policy 3). This paper contains a limited number of comparisons only, in order to indicate the possible extent of selection pressure with different policies. Comparisons in terms of annual genetic progress ranked the policies in the order 2 (greatest), 1, 3, with policy 2 being better than 3 by 90-110%. The advantage of policy 2 over policy 1 was 26-38%. In all cases, using bulls first as yearlings was preferable to 2 1/4 years in terms of annual genetic gain. With individual selection, keeping bulls for 1 year compared with 2 or 3 years had little effect on annual gain, as the rise in selection intensity balanced the rise in generation interval. Inbreeding change per year was more affected, lower rates resulting from bulls being used for 1 year only. Inbreeding rates were small with progeny test selection as described here, as long as proven sons came from young bulls as well as proven sires. The effect of selection intensity under progeny test selection with preselection becomes diluted to 25% in its contribution to annual genetic change. Thus some degree of assortative mating may be useful, or wider use of proven sires relative to young sires. With preselection the break-even number of cooperating progeny test herds was low (three herds), compared with equal rates of genetic gain from individual selection.

The progeny testing of dairy bulls: a comparison of special station and field results

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Robertson ◽  
I. L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction

1. A comparison has been made between progeny tests in special stations and those available from field records. The variation between sires in milk yield is much greater at the stations even when they are compared with herds at the same production level.2. In respect of yield the repeatability of station tests in the field is not good. The regression of field results on station test is only about 0·2 in herds at all production levels. For fat percentage, the regression is 0·5.3. The tests in special stations (averaging seventeen daughters per bull) were compared with those in high herds (average twenty-seven daughters) in their accuracy of prediction of the performance of bulls in the poorer herds. The field test was slightly (but not significantly) better for both milk yield and fat content.4. In milk yield, there is undoubtedly some extra variation between progeny groups at the stations which is not repeated in the field. Perhaps the tying of the heifers in distinct daughter groups in the byre may be a cause of this. However, even without this, it is doubted whether the test stations can give as much useful information on the numerical aspects of performance as the field records usually available. It is suggested that the splitting of daughter groups within the byre might increase the accuracy of the special station in the assessment of yield.

scholarly journals EKSTRAK KARAGINAN RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii) YANG DIPEROLEH DARI PANTAI TABLOLONG

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Runa Matias Ruku ◽  
Alfred G.O Kase ◽  
Hartini R.L Solle
Keyword(s):  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Treatment Concentration

ABSTRACTEucheuma cottonii (E. cottonii) seaweed is a low level plant that has a high nutritional value. One of the ingredients that play a role in the formation of texture is carrageenan.Carrageenan is a type of hydrocolloid extracted from the seaweed of the red algae group (Rhodophyceae). The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of yields of Seaweed Carrageenan Extract (E. cottonii) obtained from Tablolong beach in the form of yield, ash content and fat content. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) and for fat testing using quantitative descriptive methods. This study uses various concentrations of 0.1 N KOH, 0.2 N KOH, 0.3 N KOH and 0.4 N KOH. The results of the carrageenan yield test show that the addition of 0.1 N KOH concentration has a value of 56.10, KOH 0 , 2 N 62.16, KOH 0.3 N 72.73 and the best treatment was at P4 KOH 0.4 N 80.90. Carrageenan ash content test results showed that the addition of KOH concentration value obtained P1 KOH 0.1 N was 60.50, P2 KOH 0.2 N was 70.70, P3 KOH 0.3 N was 80.50, and P4 KOH 0.4 with a value of 90.50. The results of the carrageenan fat content of 0.1 KOH treatment has a fat content of 0, 2 while the treatment of KOH 0,2, KOH 0,3, KOH 0,4 have no fat content by showing the value (0). The results showed that the highest yield in the treatment of KOH concentration of 0.4 N with a value 80.95% and carrageenan ash content has the highest value in the treatment concentration of 0.4 N with a value of 90.50% while the fat content has a value of 0.2 in the treatment of KOH concentration of 0.1 N Keywords: Carrageenan, extract of E. cottonii seaweed.

scholarly journals Joint effects of CSN3 and LGB genotypes and their relation to breeding values of milk production parameters in Czech Fleckvieh

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Matějíček ◽  
J. Matějíčková ◽  
E. Němcová ◽  
O.M. Jandurová ◽  
M. Štípková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Genotype Combination ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin

The objective of this study was to estimate the joint effects of <i>CSN3</i> and <i>LGB</i> genotypes on breeding values of milk production parameters. <i>CSN3</i> (kappa-casein) and <i>LGB</i> (beta-lactoglobulin) genotypes of 120 Czech Fleckvieh sires were detected using the PCR-RFLP method. Breeding values of sires were obtained from the Official Database of Progeny Testing. Ten genotype combinations were detected. Genotypes <i>ABAB</i> (25.0%), <i>ABAA</i> (13.3%) and <i>ABBB</i> (13.3%) were the most frequent. Significant effects of genotype combinations on breeding values for fat and protein content were found. The highest breeding values for milk (+621 kg) and protein (+15.8 kg) yields were associated with genotype combination <i>ABAA</i>, while the highest breeding values for content parameters (+0.15% for protein content and +0.55% for fat content) were associated with genotype combination <i>BBAB</i>.

Procedures of sire selection, sampling and application of new technology

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
O. Meland
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Test Programme

AbstractThe objective of any well designed progeny test programme is to identify those individuals that have inherited the favourable genes from his parents. Bulls that enter a progeny test programme have been highly selected on a set of selection criteria. The criteria vary among organizations based upon their breeding philosophy and their prediction of the future economic value of various traits. The accuracy of choosing among this highly selected group is quite low. Increasing the accuracy of selection before progeny testing is the greatest potential application of genetic marker technology. Markers associated with traits of importance can greatly enhance traditional selection methods by increasing the prospect of an individual having the desired characteristics. Genetic marker-assisted selection can greatly increase the actual genetic merit of traits of economic importance

A comparison between the actual progeny test of Friesian/Holstein bulls and indexes calculated from pedigree information

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. T. Swanson ◽  
H. Joanne Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Maternal Grandsire ◽  
Progeny Performance

ABSTRACTTwo pedigree indexes were calculated for 754 Friesian/Holstein bulls born between 1974 and 1980 and tested by the Milk Marketing Board. Correlations between the indexes and the average progeny performance were used to compare the indexes calculated using information from different ancestors. The first index, or estimated predicted difference (EPD) was calculated as one-half the sire progeny test, known as an Improved Contemporary Comparison (ICC), plus one-quarter the maternal grandsire ICC. The second index or estimated ICC (EICC) was calculated from one-half the sire ICC plus one-half the dam cow genetic index (CGI). The correlations between the deregressed bull evaluations (DICC) and EPD, calculated from 310 bulls, were 0·40 for milk yield, 0·40 for fat yield and 0·39 for protein yield. The corresponding correlations between the DICC and EICC, calculated from 314 bulls, were 0·43, 0·40 and 0·41. The regression coefficients for predicting average progeny performance from the EPD index were 1·00 (s.e. 0·13), 0·97 (s.e. 0·12), 0·96 (s.e. 0·13), 1·09 (s.e. 0·12) and 1·08 (s.e. 0·10) for milk, fat and protein yield, fat and protein percentage respectively. Those for predicting progeny performance from the EICC index were 0·95 (s.e. 0·11), 0·81 (s.e. 0·10) and 0·84 (s.e. 0·10) for milk, fat and protein yield respectively. Although the correlations were lower than the expected values of 0·50 (EPD) and 0·55 (EICC) the regressions were near the expected value of 1. The results indicate that the indexes are useful as a preliminary means of selecting bulls prior to progeny testing.

Progeny Testing of Dairy Bulls at Different Levels of Management

1954 ◽  
Vol 1954 ◽  
pp. 83-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
European Cattle

There are two schools of thought concerning the most appropriate environment in which to select breeding animals. One says ‘ Always select animals under environmental conditions similar to those where they are to be used ‘. The other says ‘ Select breeding animals in the optimum environment so that they have the best chance of revealing their genetic capabilities ‘. Experiments on growth of laboratory mice and experience with European cattle in the tropics have shown the advisability of the first course in these cases. In regard to hill sheep and dairy cattle in Britain, on the other hand, practice favours the second course, but there is little experimental evidence to support it.

THE EVALUATION OF BEEF BULLS FROM AN ORGANIZED PROGENY TEST PROGRAM

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. SCHAEFFER ◽  
HOON SONG ◽  
J. W. WILTON
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Computational Procedures ◽  
Program Test

Three methods of evaluating beef sires for weaning weight with data obtained from an organized young sire progeny testing program were compared. Information from Agriculture Canada’s National Beef Sire Monitoring Program was utilized along with computational procedures based on best linear unbiased prediction. The methods were applied to data from the Canadian Simmental Association as an illustration of the methods. A model which incorporates the proofs of the reference sires into the comparisons with test bulls was considered more appropriate than the other two models compared. The results also showed that even in an organized progeny test program, test bulls are not truly mated to cows of equal merit or across equal herd environments.

PROGENY GROUP SIZE IN AN ORGANIZED PROGENY TEST PROGRAM OF AI BEEF BULLS USING REFERENCE SIRES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. FOULLEY ◽  
L. R. SCHAEFFER ◽  
H. SONG ◽  
J. W. WILTON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Program Optimization ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Progeny Group

A numerical procedure was utilized to optimize the number of progeny for young bulls and reference sires in a beef sire progeny testing program. Optimization was based on attaining a desired level of accuracy on the types of comparisons that were to be made after the test was completed. As heritability increased, the total number of progeny required decreased, but the percentage of reference sire progeny remained the same. There were near optimum progeny distributions with smaller total number of progeny and only slightly less accurate than the optimum solutions which could also be considered for application. Key words: Progeny testing, beef cattle, optimum designs, reference sires

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