Hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase and plasma uric acid in broiler chickens fed various amounts of dietary methionine, protein and energy

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O. Amubode ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
A Value

SummaryIn four consecutive experiments, plasma uric acid (PUA), hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and body-weight gains (WG) of broiler chickens were measured under varying dietary methionine, protein and energy. In Expt 1, increases in WG with increasing dietary methionine peaked at 0·60%, a level where the initial decreases in either PUA or XDH reached a minimum. PUA and XDH in broiler finishers (Expt 2) decreased between 0·26 and 0·50% dietary methionine while WG improved between 0·26 and 0·50% methionine. XDH in the 18% protein and 0·68% methionine + cystine (MC) diet combination for Expt 3 was 66·4 μtmol/10 min/total liver weight, a value higher than either the 43·5 or 46·5 μtmol/10 min/total liver weight, respectively obtained in the 21% protein + 0·68% MC and 24% protein + 0·68% MC diet combinations. Both PUA and XDH, however, increased with increasing dietary protein when MC was either 0·76 or 0·84% diet. XDH in Expt 4 decreased between 11·7 and 13·4 MJ ME/kg diet that contained either 0·76 or 0·84% MC, tending not to vary between 13·4 and 15·1 MJ ME/kg diet. This enzyme activity remained essentially similar between 11·7 and 15·1 MJ ME/kg diet that contained 0·68% MC.

Subchronic Toxicity of Monensin in Broiler Chickens

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Wagner ◽  
R. D. Furrow ◽  
B. D. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Growing Period

One hundred ninety-two male broiler chicks were dosed with monensin at concentrations of 0, 121, or 242 mg/kg feed throughout the normal growing period (50 days). Body weight gain and feed efficiency were determined weekly, and cardiac muscle was examined grossly and histologically at the end of the experiment. Livers also were weighed and examined grossly. Feed intake was determined daily, allowing continuous monitoring of drug intake. No depressing effects of the drug on growth rate and efficiency were observed until after four weeks, and then were evident only in the chicks receiving the 242 mg/kg diet. Subepicardial hemorrhage and congestion occurred in 40% of the hearts from the chickens fed the high monensin dose and were nonexistent in the other treatments. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between monensin dose and liver weight. The paralytic effects previously reported from acute dosing experiments were not observed. The results show that the heart and probably the liver are sensitive indicators of monensin toxicity and that the subchronic toxic dose is less than 18 mg/kg body weight per day.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactococcus lactis vs. Lactobacillus spp. bacteria on chicken body weight, mortality, feed conversion and carcass quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszek Brzóska ◽  
Bogdan Śliwiński ◽  
Krystyna Stecka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dressing Percentage

AbstractA total of 608 Ross 308 broiler chickens of both sexes were studied to determine the effect of Lactococcus lactis 847 bacteria compared to probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus delbruecki 838 and Lactobacillus plantarum 837 on body weight, feed consumption and conversion, mortality, dressing percentage, postmortem carcass traits, composition of breast muscle tissue, and blood plasma traits. Feeding diets with bacteria to chickens did not increase body weight at 42 days of age or improve feed conversion compared to control chickens. It significantly reduced chicken mortality compared to the control group, from 3.3% to 1.4% (P<0.01). No significant differences were found in feed consumption and conversion. There were no significant differences in the weight of carcasses and their parts. Lactococcus lactis 847 and Lactobacillus plantarum 837 bacteria significantly increased dressing percentage (P<0.05). Lactococcus lactis 847 significantly increased liver weight (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in carcass fatness, and in the dry matter, protein and fat content of breast muscles. Feeding diet with Lactobacillus plantarum 837 to chickens significantly decreased plasma triglyceride levels, and feeding diet with Lactobacillus delbruecki 838 and Lactobacillus plantarum 837 significantly decreased the level of high-density cholesterol (P<0.05). In conclusion, Lactococcus lactis 847 bacteria in diet significantly reduce losses due to digestive disorders while having no effect on the quantity and proportion of saleable cuts in the carcass, the composition of breast muscles and basic blood parameters.

scholarly journals Biochemical reference intervals in broiler chickens according to age and strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
N. Arzour-Lakehal ◽  
A. Boudebza
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Biochemical Variables ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Related Increase

Abstract. The objective of the research was to study the physiological pattern of biochemical variables and to obtain reference intervals for young (less than 1 month) and adult (more than 1 month) broiler chickens of 2 strains. From the jugular vein, blood for analysis was collected, separated, and then immediately analyzed. The influence of age was significant for the majority of the investigated variables in the 2 groups. In Isa15 strain, a significant age-related decrease in plasma uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphorus, potassium and iron was established. Also, a significant age-related increase in plasma calcium and ASAT was obtained in the same broiler strain. In Arbor Acres Plus strain, a significant age-related decrease in plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and phosphorus was observed. A significant age-related increase in plasma total protein, calcium and ASAT has also been reported in this broiler strain. A significant difference between the two strains was reported for plasma uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, phosphorus, magnesium and iron (p<0.05). For most estimated parameters in the 2 strains, calculation of separate reference intervals for young and adult animals was appropriate. Except for potassium in young Isa15 strain, and phosphorus in young Arbor Acres Plus strain, all variables did not follow a normal distribution. Reference intervals are presented for both ages using non-parametric or robust method. 90% confidence intervals for both groups were calculated non-parametrically, or by the bootstraping method. The established reference intervals will be a useful guide for interpreting plasma biochemical variables in different strains of broiler chickens raised in Algeria, and reared in a mild Mediterranean climate.

GROWTH RETARDATION EFFECTS OF SOME GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND GLUCAGON IN CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GAVORA ◽  
P. A. KONDRA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Increase Growth Rate

Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of Lipo-adrenal cortex (LAC), cortisone acetate (CA), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) and glucagon (G) in broiler chickens. Oral administration of 38.7, 69.6 or 96.8 mg CA per bird significantly retarded body weight gain between days 14 and 21. HCA administered intramuscularly in doses varying from 2 to 24 mg/100 g of body weight significantly decreased body weight gain between days 14 and 28. Shank growth was similarly affected by doses over 4 mg HCA. The same doses significantly increased liver weight. At 3 months of age, birds recovered from growth retardation caused by the injection of 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight at 14 days of age. Experimental results indicate that 2 or 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight, administered by one injection at 14 days of age, may be used to increase growth rate variance by retarding growth.

Effect of chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on rat liver non-saponifiables

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. J. Phillips ◽  
M. R. Lakshmanan ◽  
R. L. Brien
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) when fed in the diet at 0.2% for periods of from 3 to 25 days increased liver weight by 28% and increased total liver ubiquinones by 75%. This increase did not change succinate-neotetrazolium reductase activity. Although serum cholesterol levels were significantly reduced, no changes were observed in total liver cholesterol or vitamin A. The data suggest that this hypocholesterolemic agent, although it increases ubiquinone, does not adversely affect the above enzyme activity nor does it modify vitamin A utilization as determined from liver stores.

scholarly journals Intermittent feeding programme and addition of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> based probiotics to the diet of growing broiler chickens: Influence on growth, hepatic enzymes and serum lipid metabolites profile

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 410-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Aliakbarpour ◽  
M. Chamani ◽  
G. Rahimi ◽  
A. A. Sadeghi ◽  
D. Qujeq
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract. This study was conducted to examine the effects of Intermittent feeding programme (IFP) and Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic (BSP) addition in diet on liver malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, lipid metabolism and performance in broiler chickens. Five hundred and four one-day old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated in four experimental treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4). Groups T1 (control diet) and T3 (Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic diet) were fed ad libitum, whereas groups T2 (control diet) and T4 (Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic diet) served as IFP from day 8 to the end of the experiment. The data on initial body weight, weekly feed consumption and body weight gain were recorded up to six weeks of age. Carcass composition, blood parameters and hepatic enzyme activity were measured at the end of the experiment. Although body weight gain was not significantly different among any of the treatments, the birds raised under IFP consumed significantly (P<0.05) lower feed (207 g) and utilized their feed more efficiently (1.78) than those of the control group fed ad libitum (1.84). Carcass weight as a percentage of live weight was not affected by probiotic supplementation on the diet, but IFP significantly reduced (P<0.05) broiler carcass weight. However, the liver malic and isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme activity was not significantly different between IFP and BSP groups. All serum lipid metabolites concentration decreased (P<0.05) with probiotic treatment. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation with BSP may influence the pathway of fat metabolism through promotion and/or suppression of serum lipid metabolites.

scholarly journals Teneligliptin Decreases Uric Acid Levels by Reducing Xanthine Dehydrogenase Expression in White Adipose Tissue of Male Wistar Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Moriya ◽  
Hiroaki Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

We investigated the effects of teneligliptin on uric acid metabolism in male Wistar rats and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The rats were fed with a normal chow diet (NCD) or a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) with or without teneligliptin for 4 weeks. The plasma uric acid level was not significantly different between the control and teneligliptin groups under the NCD condition. However, the plasma uric acid level was significantly decreased in the HFD-fed teneligliptin treated rats compared to the HFD-fed control rats. The expression levels of xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh) mRNA in liver and epididymal adipose tissue of NCD-fed rats were not altered by teneligliptin treatment. On the other hand,Xdhexpression was reduced significantly in the epididymal adipose tissue of the HFD-fed teneligliptin treated rats compared with that of HFD-fed control rats, whereasXdhexpression in liver did not change significantly in either group. Furthermore, teneligliptin significantly decreasedXdhexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DPP-4 treatment significantly increasedXdhexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. With DPP-4 pretreatment, teneligliptin significantly decreasedXdhmRNA expression compared to the DPP-4-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In conclusion, our studies suggest that teneligliptin reduces uric acid levels by suppressingXdhexpression in epididymal adipose tissue of obese subjects.

Plasma uric acid and body weight

1974 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Scott ◽  
Anne Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid
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