scholarly journals Biochemical reference intervals in broiler chickens according to age and strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
N. Arzour-Lakehal ◽  
A. Boudebza
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Biochemical Variables ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Related Increase

Abstract. The objective of the research was to study the physiological pattern of biochemical variables and to obtain reference intervals for young (less than 1 month) and adult (more than 1 month) broiler chickens of 2 strains. From the jugular vein, blood for analysis was collected, separated, and then immediately analyzed. The influence of age was significant for the majority of the investigated variables in the 2 groups. In Isa15 strain, a significant age-related decrease in plasma uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphorus, potassium and iron was established. Also, a significant age-related increase in plasma calcium and ASAT was obtained in the same broiler strain. In Arbor Acres Plus strain, a significant age-related decrease in plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and phosphorus was observed. A significant age-related increase in plasma total protein, calcium and ASAT has also been reported in this broiler strain. A significant difference between the two strains was reported for plasma uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, phosphorus, magnesium and iron (p<0.05). For most estimated parameters in the 2 strains, calculation of separate reference intervals for young and adult animals was appropriate. Except for potassium in young Isa15 strain, and phosphorus in young Arbor Acres Plus strain, all variables did not follow a normal distribution. Reference intervals are presented for both ages using non-parametric or robust method. 90% confidence intervals for both groups were calculated non-parametrically, or by the bootstraping method. The established reference intervals will be a useful guide for interpreting plasma biochemical variables in different strains of broiler chickens raised in Algeria, and reared in a mild Mediterranean climate.

Effect of age and gender on reference intervals of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mean red cell volume (MCV)

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes J.M.L. Hoffmann ◽  
Karin C.A.M. Nabbe ◽  
Nicole M.A. van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Red Blood Cell Distribution ◽  
Related Increase

AbstractRed blood cell distribution width (RDW) was recently shown to be age-dependent when using Sysmex XE-2100 hematology analyzers. As measuring RDW is subject to technology, we have investigated if this relation also exists when using a different hematology analyzer, Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire. In addition, as RDW is generally expressed relative to mean red blood cell volume (MCV), we have explored how MCV influences the age-dependency of RDW.We measured RDW and MCV in a large cohort and calculated RDW-SD (the “absolute” RDW), which does not contain MCV. For establishing reference intervals we used Bhattacharya statistics.In our study cohort of 8089 individuals we found a strong association between RDW and age, but not with gender. Also MCV showed an age-related increase over the entire age range. The conventional RDW increased by 6% from the youngest to oldest age class, whereas RDW-SD increased by nearly 15%. This difference was caused by a mean age-related increase in MCV of 6.6%. Age-dependent reference intervals were established for RDW, RDW-SD and MCV.The age-dependency of RDW seems to be a universal biological feature rather than related with a single type of hematology analyzer. As not only RDW, but also MCV increases with age, we propose that future studies on the prognostic significance of RDW take its age-dependency into account and focus on RDW-SD as a potential marker of adverse events in many clinical conditions.

Study on Metabolic Parameters in Obese Patients Compared to Normal Weight Subjects Before and After Joint Replacement Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 944-947
Author(s):  
Mariana Cornelia Tilinca ◽  
Septimiu Voidazan ◽  
Kinga Nyulas ◽  
Raluca Maria Tilinca ◽  
Eniko Nemes Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Surgical interventions represent an important stress for the organism. Metabolic parameters can exhibit important changes in a short period of time related to surgery. Differences might occur between normal weight and obese patients. Weight excess represents a risk factor for osteoarthritis.The aim of the study was to assess metabolic parameters before and after total hip and knee replacement in patients with osteoarthritis. The study was performed during 2016-2017 at the Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Emergency County Hospital in Tirgu Mures. The study group was divided, based on body mass index values, in normal weight (43 patients) and obese individuals (52 patients). Plasma uric acid level, glycemia and lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol) were determined for each patient before surgery and one day after the intervention, the values being compared. Differences between the metabolic parameters of the two subgroups were also determined. In case of obese individuals, all followed metabolic parameters were significantly different one day after the intervention compared to the values obtained before the surgery: plasma uric acid, cholesterol and triglyceride values decreased, glycemia increased. In the group of normal weight subjects the level of plasma lipids and uric acid differed significantly between the first and second sample, mean values being decreased in the second one. Comparing the two subgroups, significant difference occured regarding plasma glucose levels one day after the intervention, the mean value being higher in case of obese patients, also a higher percentage of hyperuricemia has been found in the group of obese patients. Dynamics of the followed metabolic parameters shows important changes on short term following surgical intervention. Hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia was most common in obese patients, plasma glucose showing increasing tendency after surgery.

scholarly journals Investigation into the effect of mannan-rich fraction supplementation on the metagenome of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Delaney ◽  
Thi Thuy Do ◽  
Aoife Corrigan ◽  
Richard Murphy ◽  
Fiona Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gene Richness

Antibiotic resistance is regarded as one of the most serious threats to human health worldwide. The rapid increase in resistance rates has been attributed to the extensive use of antibiotics since they became commercially available. The use of antibiotics as growth promotors has been banned in numerous regions for this reason. Mannan-rich fraction (MRF) has been reported to show similar growth-promoting effects to antibiotics. We investigated the effect of MRF on the microbial community, resistome and metabolic pathways within the caecum of commercial broilers at two different timepoints within the growth of the broiler, day 27 and day 34. The data indicated an overall increase in health and economic gain for the producer with the addition of MRF to the diet of the broilers. The only significant difference across the microbial composition of the samples was in the richness of the microbial communities across all samples. While all samples harboured resistance genes conferring resistance to the same classes of antibiotics, there was significant variation in the antimicrobial resistance gene richness across time and treatment and across combinations of time and treatment. The taxa with positive correlation comprised Bacilli and Clostridia. The negative correlation taxa were also dominated by Bacilli, specifically the Streptococcus genera. The KEGG-pathway analysis identified an age-related change in the metabolism pathway abundances of the caecal microflora. We suggest that the MRF-related increases in health and weight gain in the broilers may be associated with changes in the metabolism of the microbiomes rather than the microbial composition. The resistome variations across samples were correlated with specific genera. These data may be used to further enhance the development of feed supplements to reduce the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within poultry. While the ARGs of greatest concern to human or animal health were not detected in this study, it has identified the potential to reduce the presence of ARGs by the increase in specific genera.

Influence of Regular Exercise on Age-Related Changes in Arterial Elasticity: Mechanistic Insights From Wall Compositions in Rat Aorta

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Nosaka ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Izumi Watanabe ◽  
Masaaki Sato ◽  
Mitsuo Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Activity Groups ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Related Increase

Arterial stiffness increases with age in healthy sedentary adults. We previously reported that the age-related increases in arterial stiffness are absent or attenuated in regularly exercising adults. However, the mechanism underlying this training effect is unknown. One possibility is that regular exercise minimizes age-related changes in the arterial wall composition of elastin and collagen. To gain insight into this issue, we studied four groups of rats (N = 23): young (42-46 wks) and old (80-84 wks), sedentary and exercise-trained. The exercise group swam 1 hr•d−1, 6 d•wk−1 for 17-21 weeks. There was no significant difference in the incremental elastic modulus between young sedentary and exercise-trained rats. The elastic moduli of the old exercise-trained rats were 31% lower than in the old sedentary controls. As such, the magnitude of age-related increase in the elastic modulus was smaller in the exercise-trained (110%) vs. the sedentary group (151%) (p < 0.05). In both activity groups, elastin content was lower and collagen content was higher in old vs. young rats (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two activity groups. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that regular physical exercise minimizes age-related compositional changes in the arterial wall and attenuates the age-related increase in arterial stiffness. Key words: elastin, collagen, exercise training

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Infection Elicits A Greater Humoral Immune Response In The Second Wave Than The First Wave In Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayeh Ezzikouri ◽  
Hind Majidi ◽  
Soad Redwane ◽  
Nadia Meziane ◽  
Abdellatif Zahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One year has passed since the first COVID-19 case, and concerns have emerged regarding new variants, meaning that characterizing antibody-mediated immune response dynamics is of paramount importance. Here, we evaluated the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in subjects during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Morocco. Methods: We assessed humoral immune response in samples from 94 seropositive individuals in the first wave (February to August 2020) and 596 seropositive individuals in the second wave (December 2020 to January 2021). Plasma samples were collected from volunteer blood donors and their levels of serum IgG to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (NP) were determined using architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay.Results: Our results revealed an increase of humoral immunity during the second wave than first wave (3.897 ± 0.079 vs. 2.842 ± 0.153, respectively, p<0.0001). Notably, we found an age-related gradient in antibody level, with higher antibody index in subjects at 45 years old and above (p= 0.01451). However, no significant difference was found according to gender (p= 0.8629). Conclusions: Our data highlighted an important issue regarding antibody-mediated immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second wave and this issue might have arisen due to the dynamics of different strains circulating during the progress of the pandemic.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Infection Elicits a Greater Humoral Immune Response in the Second Wave Than the First Wave

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayeh Ezzikouri ◽  
Hind Majidi ◽  
Soad Redwane ◽  
Nadia Meziane ◽  
Abdellatif Zahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract PurposeSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One year has passed since the first COVID-19 case, and concerns have emerged regarding new variants, meaning that characterizing antibody-mediated immune response dynamics is of paramount importance. Here, we evaluated the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in subjects during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Morocco. MethodsWe assessed humoral immune response in samples from 94 seropositive individuals in the first wave (February to August 2020) and 596 seropositive individuals in the second wave (December 2020 to January 2021). Plasma samples were collected from volunteer blood donors and their levels of serum IgG to SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (NP) were determined using architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay.ResultsOur results revealed an increase of humoral immunity during the second wave than first wave (3.897 ± 0.079 vs. 2.842 ± 0.153, respectively, p<0.0001). Notably, we found an age-related gradient in antibody level, with higher antibody index in subjects at 45 years old and above (p= 0.01451). However, no significant difference was found according to gender (p= 0.8629). ConclusionsOur data highlighted an important issue regarding antibody-mediated immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second wave and this issue might have arisen due to the dynamics of different strains circulating during the progress of the pandemic.

Trimester-Specific Reference Intervals of Serum Urea, Creatinine, and Uric Acid Among Healthy Pregnant Women in Zhengzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Gao ◽  
Jia Jia ◽  
Xianan Liu ◽  
Shuren Guo ◽  
Liang Ming
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Age Related ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective To verify the differences in serum levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid (UA) between pregnant and nonpregnant women and establish specific reference intervals of serum urea, creatinine, and UA for pregnant women, and thus help for the detection of kidney disease in pregnancy. Methods Based on the selection criteria, 1312 apparently healthy pregnant women and 1301 nonpregnant women were enrolled in this study. The levels of serum urea, creatinine, and UA were compared between the pregnant and nonpregnant women. The differences in the 3 indicators among different age groups and trimesters in pregnant women were studied. Finally, reference intervals were established by nonparametric methods according to the recommendation of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline C28-A3. Results Compared with nonpregnant women, pregnant women had a significantly lower level of serum urea, creatinine, and UA (all P &lt;.01), and no significant age-related differences in the 3 indicators were observed among the pregnant women (P &gt;.05). However, the levels of these indicators were significantly different among the 3 trimesters (all P &lt;.01 or P =.01). Accordingly, trimester-specific reference intervals of serum urea (1.6–4.4 mmol/L; 1.6–4.2 mmol/L; 1.6–4.4 mmol/L), creatinine (36–68 μmol/L; 34–66 μmol/L; 36–68 μmol/L), and UA (122–297 μmol/L; 129–327 μmol/L; 147–376 μmol/L) for trimesters 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were established. Conclusion These newly established reference intervals will be valuable for the detection and monitoring of kidney disease in pregnancy.

scholarly journals An Animal Model for Measuring the Effect of Common NICU Procedures on ATP Metabolism

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan S. Plank ◽  
Danilo S. Boskovic ◽  
Edward Tagge ◽  
John Chrisler ◽  
Laurel Slater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Effect ◽  
Heel Lance ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Atp Metabolism

Neonates exposed to common neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) procedures show alterations in heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. However, it is unclear if these physiologic changes increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) utilization, thus potentially increasing the risk for tissue hypoxia in medically fragile neonates. Plasma uric acid is a commonly used marker of increased ATP utilization because uric acid levels increase when ATP consumption is enhanced. To examine the effect of a common NICU procedure on plasma uric acid concentration, we developed a model that allows for acute monitoring of this biochemical marker in plasma in 7- to 9-day-old rabbits. In our pilot study, we exposed neonatal rabbits to a single heel lance 2.5 hr after catheter placement. We measured uric acid concentration before and 30 min after the heel lance and compared findings to levels in control animals not exposed to the heel lance. Our pilot data shows a significant difference in uric acid concentration over time between the control and heel lance groups (46.2 ± 7.1 μM vs. 54.7 ± 5.8 μM, respectively, p = .027). Calculation of percentage change from baseline showed uric acid concentration increasing in rabbits exposed to heel lance and decreasing in control rabbits (1.5 ± 4.7% vs. —16.1 ± 4.2%, respectively, p = .03). These data suggest that this animal model can be successfully used to examine the biochemical effect of common NICU procedures, such as heel lance, on markers of ATP breakdown and purine metabolism.

Hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase and plasma uric acid in broiler chickens fed various amounts of dietary methionine, protein and energy

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O. Amubode ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Plasma Uric Acid ◽  
A Value

SummaryIn four consecutive experiments, plasma uric acid (PUA), hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and body-weight gains (WG) of broiler chickens were measured under varying dietary methionine, protein and energy. In Expt 1, increases in WG with increasing dietary methionine peaked at 0·60%, a level where the initial decreases in either PUA or XDH reached a minimum. PUA and XDH in broiler finishers (Expt 2) decreased between 0·26 and 0·50% dietary methionine while WG improved between 0·26 and 0·50% methionine. XDH in the 18% protein and 0·68% methionine + cystine (MC) diet combination for Expt 3 was 66·4 μtmol/10 min/total liver weight, a value higher than either the 43·5 or 46·5 μtmol/10 min/total liver weight, respectively obtained in the 21% protein + 0·68% MC and 24% protein + 0·68% MC diet combinations. Both PUA and XDH, however, increased with increasing dietary protein when MC was either 0·76 or 0·84% diet. XDH in Expt 4 decreased between 11·7 and 13·4 MJ ME/kg diet that contained either 0·76 or 0·84% MC, tending not to vary between 13·4 and 15·1 MJ ME/kg diet. This enzyme activity remained essentially similar between 11·7 and 15·1 MJ ME/kg diet that contained 0·68% MC.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

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