Subchronic Toxicity of Monensin in Broiler Chickens

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Wagner ◽  
R. D. Furrow ◽  
B. D. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Growing Period

One hundred ninety-two male broiler chicks were dosed with monensin at concentrations of 0, 121, or 242 mg/kg feed throughout the normal growing period (50 days). Body weight gain and feed efficiency were determined weekly, and cardiac muscle was examined grossly and histologically at the end of the experiment. Livers also were weighed and examined grossly. Feed intake was determined daily, allowing continuous monitoring of drug intake. No depressing effects of the drug on growth rate and efficiency were observed until after four weeks, and then were evident only in the chicks receiving the 242 mg/kg diet. Subepicardial hemorrhage and congestion occurred in 40% of the hearts from the chickens fed the high monensin dose and were nonexistent in the other treatments. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between monensin dose and liver weight. The paralytic effects previously reported from acute dosing experiments were not observed. The results show that the heart and probably the liver are sensitive indicators of monensin toxicity and that the subchronic toxic dose is less than 18 mg/kg body weight per day.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary esterified glucomannan on performance, serum biochemistry and haematology in broilers exposed to aflatoxin

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Basmacıoglu ◽  
H. Oguz ◽  
M. Ergul ◽  
R. Col ◽  
Birdane YO
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dietary Concentration

The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations of yeast component (esterified glucomannan; EG). EG, incorporated into the diet at 0.5 and 1 g/kg, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the detrimental effects of 2 mg total aflatoxin (AF; 82.72% AFB<sub>1</sub>, 5.50% AFB<sub>2</sub>, 10.20% AFG<sub>1</sub> and 1.58% AFG<sub>2</sub>) in diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 d of age. A total of 240 male broiler chicks (Ross-308) were divided into 6 treatment groups [control, AF, EG (0.5 g/kg), AF plus EG (0.5 g/kg), EG (1 g/kg), and AF plus EG (1 g/kg)]. Compared to the control, AF treatment significantly decreased body weight gain from week 2 onwards. AF treatment also caused significant decreases in serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, creatinine levels and alanine-aminotransferase (ALAT) activity but increased the aspartate-aminotransferase (ASAT) activity. Red blood cell, haematocrit, haemoglobin, thrombocyte, and lymphocyte counts and tibial crude ash levels were significantly reduced by AF treatment, while significant increases were seen in heterophil counts. The addition of EG (1 g/kg) to an AF-containing diet significantly improved the adverse effects of AF on haematological parameters, total protein, albumin values and ASAT activity. EG (1 g/kg) also partially improved body weight gains (59%) and the other biochemical parameters influenced by AF treatment. The addition of EG (both 0.5 and 1 g/kg) to the AF-free diet did not cause any considerable changes in the investigated values. These results clearly indicated that EG (1 g/kg) addition effectively diminished the adverse effects of AF on the investigated values. Also, the higher dietary concentration of EG (1 g/kg) was found more effective than the lower concentration (0.5 g/kg) against the adverse effects of AF on the variables investigated in this study. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize and starch with Shoti meal (Curcuma zedoaria) in broiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
S Datta ◽  
S Rahman ◽  
O Islam ◽  
M Hassan ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The effects of raw and autoclaved Shoti (Curcuma zedoaria) meal on the growth and N utilization of growing broilers were determined. Shoti from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus was collected and sorted on the basis of white color of the rhizome. Then they were chopped into pieces, sun dried and pulverized in a flour mill. Aliquot samples were autoclaved at 1200C under 15 lb of pressure per square inch for 30 min. Autoclaved samples were stored in tightly lid contained for future use. 3 One hundred -day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared on the floor and a total of 24 growing broilers, 4 birds in each group were weighed on d 15 Two broilers were placed in each cage. There were a total of four experimental and two control (positive and negative Non-protein control) diets. Diets were fed ad libitum from day 15 to 33days. Body weight, feed intake, feed refusal and fecal weights were recorded every day. Cumulative feed efficiency per bird was calculated as the ratio of weight gained to feed consumed. Dry matter of excreta was determined from the last 10 d of feeding trial by drying aliquots of every day’s droppings by drying for 6 h at 1050C. On d 19, birds were bled to death. Immediately after slaughter, the carcasses were examined systematically. The chemical composition of Shoti meal showed that it is low in protein, fat and trace minerals and therefore mainly a source of energy. The bulk of the tuber (75 percent) consists of carbohydrates, made up of 10.6% fiber, and 64.9% nitrogen free extracts (NFE). A peculiarity of Curcuma rhizome meal contains high level of ash (9.9%) on DM basis. The results showed that at day 33, the weight of the broiler chicken fed shoti 100g, 200g, 300 g and 200g (autoclaved shoti meal)/ Kg diet was significantly different from the weight of the chicken fed on a maize-soybean diet. The birds given shoti meal consumed less feed than those provided with a maize diet. Feed efficiency or weight gain to feed ration over 19-d period was the poorest when fed 300 g Shoti/ Kg diet. Intake picked up when the shoti meal was incorporated after having been autoclaved and there was slight improvement in body weight gain as compared to that of other Shoti fed group. However, feed efficiency and body weight gain as % of initial weight remained significantly lower than the maize-soybean control. The inclusion of Shoti meal generally had an adverse effect on the apparent dry matter digestibility compared with the control diets. The group fed autoclaved shoti meal had a similar effect and the true N digestibility was the lowest when compared to those of control fed on maize-soybean meal. Thus, physical treatment like using autoclave, caused further reduction of digestibility of its N. Lipid digestibility was reduced by ingestion of shoti meal. Since the diets were isocaloric, after correction for the apparent endogenous lipid losses, which were obtained from the results of non-protein control feeding, the net faecal losses was around 66.2% of the ingested lipid against control diet fed birds. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 40-46

scholarly journals Kebutuhan Kalsium Ayam Broiler Fase Starter dengan Penambahan Enzim Fitase

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Eny Sholikhatin ◽  
Ferry Poernama ◽  
Nanung Danar Dono ◽  
Zuprizal .
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bone Ash

The aim of this study was to determine the calcium requirements of broiler chickens in starter phase with the addition of phytase enzyme. This experiment used 1,200 broiler chickens (mixed sex) for 21 days rearing period in a closed house. The basal diets was corn and soybean meal which contained 0.097% Ca and 0.123% P-av. The treatments consisted of 6 diets treatment: P1 (basal diet with the addition of 0.42% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and then P2 to P6 were basal diet with the addition of 0.22% NPP and 1,000 FTU/kg phytase and the addition of calcium (Ca) at different levels: 0.82% (P2); 0.74% (P3); 0.66% (P4); 0.58% (P5) and 0.50% (P6). The growth performance, feed efficiency, and bone mineralization parameters were studied using Oneway ANOVA in a Completely Randomized Design. Duncan's new Multiple Ranges Test was used to separate means with significant differences. Results showed that 0.90% Ca supplementation without phytase and the reduction levels of Ca from 0.82% to 0.50% increased the amount of feed consumed by birds in all growth phases (P<0.05). The addition of phytase had beneficial effects on increasing body weight (P<0.05) and average of body weight gain (P<0.05), and decreased the value of FCR in 11 - 21 days and 1 - 21 days. The addition of phytase increased protein and energy consumption, followed by increased in the value of PER and  EER (P<0.05). When phytase was added in the diets, reduction levels of Ca in the diets up to 0.50% did not give any adverse effect on the tibia bone ash. It can be concluded that feeding with phytase can sustain growth performance, feed efficiency, and bone mineralization.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Teknologi Nanopartikel Perak (AgNPs) dalam Air Minum dan Bentuk Kabut terhadap Kadar Amonia Ekskreta Broiler

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Ones Putra Hulu ◽  
M Sihombing ◽  
R H Saputro ◽  
A Darmawan ◽  
Y Herbani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ammonia Content

The purpose this study was evaluate the utilization of nanoparticles silver (AgNPs) on performance and ammonia concentration in broiler excreta.  This study used a factorial completely randomized design with 3x2 treatments and 4 replicates.  First factor (AgNPs at drinking water) was P1 = 0 ppm, P2 = 2 ppm, and P3 = 3 ppm and the  second factor Q (AgNPs by misty) was Q1 = 0 ppm and Q2 = 4 ppm.  The variables measured were excreta ammonia content, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, temperature and relative humidity.  The results  showed that there was no interaction between AgNPs in drinking water and AgNPs in  its mist form on ammonia content.  AgNPs 4 ppm by misty also affected reduce FCR and body weight gain at week 3, also increased FCR at fourth week.  AgNPs in drinking water affected (P < 0.05) amonia content.  AgNPs 2 ppm in drinking water reduce until 11% amonia content.  AgNPs by misty also reduced (P< 0.05) amonia content.  AgNPs 0 ppm and 4 ppm by misty not created comfort temperature and relative humidity for broiler chicks. It is concluded that the addition of silver nanoparticles reduce excreta ammonia levels of broiler chickens.

Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin E, zinc, and chromium supplementation on growth performance and hematological characteristics of broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Ali ◽  
Mohammad Akram ◽  
Ahmad Fahim ◽  
Balvir Singh ◽  
Mohammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wood Shavings

The study investigated the effect of supplementation of Vitamin E, Zn and Cr on growth performance and hematological characteristics of broiler chickens. The 240 day old Cobb 400 chicks were randomly distributed in eight groups consisting of 30 chicks in each. These chicks were kept on deep litter houses comprising of wood shavings. The supplementation of Vitamin E, zinc and chromium either individually or in combination improved the feed conversion ratio and body weight gain in broiler chicks. The body weight of broiler chickens at different age from day old to the 6th week were significantly different among treatments. The highest body weight was recorded in T8 groups. Heamoglobin, red blood corpuscles and white blood cells levels increased whereas heterophil: lymphocyte ratio statistically decreased with vitamin E, zinc or chromium supplemented groups either individually or in combinations.

GROWTH RETARDATION EFFECTS OF SOME GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND GLUCAGON IN CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GAVORA ◽  
P. A. KONDRA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Increase Growth Rate

Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of Lipo-adrenal cortex (LAC), cortisone acetate (CA), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) and glucagon (G) in broiler chickens. Oral administration of 38.7, 69.6 or 96.8 mg CA per bird significantly retarded body weight gain between days 14 and 21. HCA administered intramuscularly in doses varying from 2 to 24 mg/100 g of body weight significantly decreased body weight gain between days 14 and 28. Shank growth was similarly affected by doses over 4 mg HCA. The same doses significantly increased liver weight. At 3 months of age, birds recovered from growth retardation caused by the injection of 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight at 14 days of age. Experimental results indicate that 2 or 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight, administered by one injection at 14 days of age, may be used to increase growth rate variance by retarding growth.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Lead on Intestinal Nutrient Transporters mRNA Expression in Broiler Chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohollah Ebrahimi ◽  
Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
Juan Boo Liang ◽  
Abdoreza Soleimani Farjam ◽  
Parisa Shokryazdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Nutrient Transporters

Lead- (Pb-) induced oxidative stress is known to suppress growth performance and feed efficiency in broiler chickens. In an attempt to describe the specific underlying mechanisms of such phenomenon we carried out the current study. Ninety-six one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatment groups of 6 pen replicates, namely, (i) basal diet containing no lead supplement (control) and (ii) basal diet containing 200 mg lead acetate/kg of diet. Following 3 weeks of experimental period, jejunum samples were collected to examine the changes in gene expression of several nutrient transporters, antioxidant enzymes, and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that addition of lead significantly decreased feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. Moreover, with the exception of GLUT5, the expression of all sugar, peptide, and amino acid transporters was significantly downregulated in the birds under Pb induced oxidative stress. Exposure to Pb also upregulated the antioxidant enzymes gene expression together with the downregulation of glutathione S-transferase and Hsp70. In conclusion, it appears that Pb-induced oxidative stress adversely suppresses feed efficiency and growth performance in chicken and the possible underlying mechanism for such phenomenon is downregulation of major nutrient transporter genes in small intestine.

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